Introduction to Python programming

Python is Popular Programming language.

Features of Python Programming Language

1. Open Source - Free and publicly Available

2. Python is Dynamically typed Programming Language
3. Python is Interpreter Based programming language
4. High Level Programming Language
5. Object oriented Programming language
6. Rich Library support
7. Python have Exception handling Techniques
8. Platform Independent Programming language
9. Easy to Lern & Code
10. Python syntax allows programmers to write Fewer Lines of code

In [1]: print('Welcome to Innomatics')

Welcome to Innomatics

In [2]: print('Welcome to innomatics')

print('Greetings of the day !!')

Welcome to innomatics
Greetings of the day !!

In [3]: a = 23
b = 56

In [4]: print(a)

23

In [5]: print(b)

56

In [6]: print('The value of a is :',a)

The value of a is : 23

Keywords
In [7]: import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist)

['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not',
'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

In [8]: print(len(keyword.kwlist))

35

Identifiers
Identifier is a name of a variable,class, function, module or an object.

In [9]: a = 23

In [10]: area = 78

Identifier Name Rules

1. Identifier Should only contain Alphanumerics and an Underscore ( _ )

2. Identifier should start with a character or an underscore( _ )
3. Keywords should not be used as identifiers
4. white spaces are not allowed in Identifiers
5. No special Characters are allowed except an underscore ( _ )

Variables

1. Variable is a Data Container which stores a value

2. Variable names may be a shorter names like a, b ,k ,l...etc or More descriptive Names like area, width, data...etc

In [11]: a = 20

In [12]: b = 34

In [13]: a

Out[13]: 20

In [14]: b

Out[14]: 34

In [15]: c = a+b

In [16]: c

Out[16]: 54

In [17]: print(a)

20

In [18]: print(a,b)

20 34

In [19]: print(a,b,c)

20 34 54

In [20]: a , b, c = 10,20,30 # assigning multiple values to multiple variables in single line

In [21]: a

Out[21]: 10

In [22]: b

Out[22]: 20

In [23]: c

Out[23]: 30

In [24]: a,b,c

Out[24]: (10, 20, 30)

In [25]: print(a,b,c)

10 20 30

In [26]: a = 20

In [27]: # comments starts with #

In [28]: #assigning same value to multiple variables

In [29]: a = b = c = 45

In [30]: a,b,c

Out[30]: (45, 45, 45)

In [32]: Width = 20
Height = 25
Rectangle_area = Width * Height
print('Area of Rectanglle is : ',Rectangle_area)

Area of Rectanglle is : 500

1. Write a program for addition of two variables a,b
In [33]: a = 10
b = 20
c = a+b
print(c)

30

In [34]: A = int(input('Enter A value: ')) #taking dynamic input for variable A

B = int(input('Enter B value: ')) #taking dynamic input for variable B
C = A+B # Addition of A,B
print('The addition Result is: ',C)

Enter A value: 45
Enter B value: 34
The addition Result is: 79

Input ( ) Method

In [38]: print(help(input))

Help on method raw_input in module ipykernel.kernelbase:

raw_input(prompt='') method of ipykernel.ipkernel.IPythonKernel instance

Forward raw_input to frontends

Raises
------
StdinNotImplementedError if active frontend doesn't support stdin.

None
Input( ) takes inputs dynamically from the user ( keyboard) By default it takes data as a string
In [41]: data = input('Enter your Data: ')

Enter your Data: 45

In [42]: data

Out[42]: '45'

In [43]: D = input()

Greetings of the Day!!

In [44]: D

Out[44]: 'Greetings of the Day!!'

Data Types
Numeric Data Types

1. Integer
2. Float
3. Complex

In [45]: #Integers

a = 23
b = 4567
c = -789

Type ( )

In [48]: # type( ) - It returns data type of a variable

In [50]: print('The data type of a variable a is : ',type(a))

print('The data type of a variable b is : ',type(b))
print('The data type of a variable c is : ',type(c))

The data type of a variable a is : <class 'int'>

The data type of a variable b is : <class 'int'>
The data type of a variable c is : <class 'int'>

In [51]: type(a)

Out[51]: int

In [52]: type(b)

Out[52]: int

In [53]: # float
a = 34.78
b = 45.900234545
c = -67.432

In [54]: print('The data type of a variable a is : ',type(a))

print('The data type of a variable b is : ',type(b))
print('The data type of a variable c is : ',type(c))

The data type of a variable a is : <class 'float'>

The data type of a variable b is : <class 'float'>
The data type of a variable c is : <class 'float'>

In [55]: #complex
a = 3+7j
b = -5-8j
c = -3j
print('The data type of a variable a is : ',type(a))
print('The data type of a variable b is : ',type(b))
print('The data type of a variable c is : ',type(c))

The data type of a variable a is : <class 'complex'>

The data type of a variable b is : <class 'complex'>
The data type of a variable c is : <class 'complex'>

Type Conversion / Type Casting - Data Type Conversion

1. Integer ----> Float

2. Integer ----> Str

In [57]: a = 10
print(type(a))

<class 'int'>

In [58]: b = float(a) # converting a into float datatype

print(type(b))

<class 'float'>

In [64]: #integer to string

In [62]: c = str(a)

In [63]: print(type(c))

<class 'str'>

1. Float ----> Int

2. Float ----> Str

In [59]: a = 45.89
print(type(a))

<class 'float'>

In [60]: b = int(a) #converting a into integer data type

print(type(b))

<class 'int'>

In [65]: b

Out[65]: 45

In [66]: #float to str

a

Out[66]: 45.89

In [67]: c = str(a)
print(type(c))
print(c)

<class 'str'>
45.89

In [68]: c

Out[68]: '45.89'

1. str ---> int

2. str ---> float

This is possible if at all if the string literal is equal to any numerical value of base10

In [69]: a = '167'

In [70]: type(a)

Out[70]: str

In [71]: b = int(a)
print(b,type(b))

167 <class 'int'>

In [72]: x = 'satya'
type(x)

Out[72]: str

In [73]: #str to float

print(a,type(a))

167 <class 'str'>

In [74]: b = float(a)
print(b,type(b))

167.0 <class 'float'>

String
String is sequence of characters which are enclosed with either single quotes ' ' or double quotes " "

In [75]: a = 'Innomatics research labs'

In [76]: type(a)

Out[76]: str

In [77]: b = "Welcome to Innomatics Research Labs"

In [78]: type(b)

Out[78]: str

Multiple line string

In [79]: a = '''Hello all , Greetings of the day!!!!

Welcome to Innomatics Research labs
Happy Learning!! Thank you'''

In [81]: a

Out[81]: 'Hello all , Greetings of the day!!!!\nWelcome to Innomatics Research labs\nHappy Learning!! Thank you'

Operators in Python

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Assignment Operators
3. Comparision Operators/Relationship operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Membership Operator
6. Identity Operators
7. Bitwise Operators

Arithmetic Operators
1. Afddition --> +
2. Subtraction -->-
3. Multiplication --> *
4. Division --> /
5. modulus --> %
6. Floor Division --> //
7. Exponentation --> **

In [82]: #Addition

In [83]: a = 20
b = 10

In [84]: a+b

Out[84]: 30

In [85]: #subtraction
a-b

Out[85]: 10

In [86]: #multiplication
a*b

Out[86]: 200

In [87]: #division
a/b

Out[87]: 2.0

In [88]: #modulus - returns remainder of a division

a%b

Out[88]: 0

In [89]: a = 25
b = 8
a%b

Out[89]: 1

In [90]: #floor Division

a = 10
b = 3
a//b

Out[90]: 3

In [91]: a/b

Out[91]: 3.3333333333333335

In [93]: import numpy as np

In [94]: np.floor(a/b)

Out[94]: 3.0

In [95]: np.ceil(a/b)

Out[95]: 4.0

In [96]: np.abs(a/b)

Out[96]: 3.3333333333333335

In [97]: #exponentation
a = 2
b = 3
a**b

Out[97]: 8

In [98]: b**a

Out[98]: 9

Assignment Operators
Assignment operator ( = ) is used to assign values to the variable
In [99]: a = 20

In [100… a+= 10 # a = a+10

In [101… a

Out[101]: 30

In [102… a-=10 # a= a-10

a

Out[102]: 20

In [104… a/=2
a

Out[104]: 5.0

In [106… a//=2
a

Out[106]: 1.0

Comparision Operators
Comparision Operators are used to compare values and variables

1. Greater Than >

2. Less Than <
3. Greater Than or Equal to >=
4. Less than or equal to <=
5. Equal to ==
6. Not Equal to !=

In [107… #greater than

10 > 5

Out[107]: True

In [108… a = 34
b = 25
a >b

Out[108]: True

In [109… b>a

Out[109]: False

In [110… #less than

3 < 5

Out[110]: True

In [111… 5 < 3

Out[111]: False

In [112… a,b

Out[112]: (34, 25)

In [113… b < a

Out[113]: True

In [114… #greater than or equl to

In [115… a = 23
b = 23

In [116… a >= b

Out[116]: True

In [117… a = 56
b = 23
a >= b

Out[117]: True

In [118… #less than or equal to

a = 45
b = 45
a <= b

Out[118]: True

In [120… a = 53
b = 26
a <= b

Out[120]: False

In [121… #equal to - Checking for equality

In [122… a = 23
b = 56

a == b

Out[122]: False

In [123… a = 10
b = 10

a == b

Out[123]: True

In [124… # not equal to

a = 45
b = 56

a != b

Out[124]: True

In [125… a = 10
b = 10

a != b

Out[125]: False

In [ ]: