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Basic Components of a Computer

The document provides an overview of essential computer components, including the CPU, motherboard, RAM, PSU, GPU, cooling systems, expansion cards, and input/output devices. It explains the functions of each part and how they work together to ensure efficient performance and user interaction. Additionally, it highlights the importance of proper casing for protection and airflow.

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6 views

Basic Components of a Computer

The document provides an overview of essential computer components, including the CPU, motherboard, RAM, PSU, GPU, cooling systems, expansion cards, and input/output devices. It explains the functions of each part and how they work together to ensure efficient performance and user interaction. Additionally, it highlights the importance of proper casing for protection and airflow.

Uploaded by

whatismasswhatisweight
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding the

Main Parts of a
Laptop/Computer

An Introduction to Computer
Components
Central
Processing Unit
(CPU)
• Often called the "brain" of the computer.
• Processes instructions from programs
and applications.
• Performs calculations and logic
operations.
• Speed measured in GHz (gigahertz).
• Location: Under a fan in laptops; on the
motherboard in desktops.
• Fun Fact: Modern CPUs can perform
billions of instructions per second.
Motherboard

• The main circuit board connecting all components.


• Allows communication between CPU, RAM, storage, and
peripherals.
• Contains slots for RAM, CPU socket, and connectors for
power and data.
• Location: Inside the computer casing.
Random Access Memory

Definition: Random Access Memory (RAM) is the computer's short-term


memory, storing data and instructions that the CPU accesses quickly.

Function: Enables the CPU to access data rapidly, improving system


performance.

SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic RAM, synchronized with the system clock.

DDR: Double Data Rate RAM, offering higher speeds and bandwidth.

Capacity: Measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB), affecting


multitasking and performance.

Slots: Motherboards have multiple RAM slots; the number and type depend
on the motherboard's specifications.
Power Supply
Unit (PSU)
Function: Converts electrical power
from an outlet into usable power for
the computer's components.

Wattage: Measured in watts (W),


indicating the PSU's power capacity.

Efficiency: Higher efficiency ratings


(e.g., 80 Plus) reduce energy waste
and heat generation.

Connectors: Provides various


connectors for the motherboard,
CPU, storage devices, and
peripherals.
• Graphics Processing
Unit (GPU)
• Function: Renders images, videos, and animations;
essential for gaming, video editing, and 3D rendering.
• Types:
• Integrated GPU: Built into the CPU or motherboard,
sharing system memory.
• Dedicated GPU: Separate card with its own memory,
offering higher performance.
• VRAM: Video RAM, dedicated memory for storing
textures and frame buffers.
• Interfaces: Connects to the motherboard via PCIe slots.
• Purpose: Maintain optimal operating
Cooling Systems temperatures for components, preventing
overheating.
• Types:
• Air Cooling: Uses fans and heat sinks to
dissipate heat.
• Liquid Cooling: Utilizes liquid circulation to
transfer heat away from components.
• Components:
• Fans: Circulate air to cool components.
• Heat Sinks: Dissipate heat from components
like the CPU and GPU.
• Radiators: In liquid cooling systems, dissipate
heat from the coolant.
Expansion Cards

• Function: Add additional features or


capabilities to the computer.
• Types:
• Sound Cards: Enhance audio quality
and processing.
• Network Cards: Provide wired or
wireless network connectivity.
• Capture Cards: Allow video input for
recording or streaming.
• Slots: Installed in motherboard
expansion slots like PCIe.
Input And Output
Devices
• Input Devices:
• Keyboard: Allows text input.
• Mouse: Facilitates pointer control.
• Scanner: Digitizes physical documents.
• Output Devices:
• Monitor: Displays visual output.
• Printer: Produces physical copies of
documents.
• Speakers: Emit audio output.
Computer
Casing
• Function: Encloses and protects internal
components.
• Types:
• Tower Cases: Full-sized, offering ample
space for components.
• Desktop Cases: Compact, suitable for
limited spaces.
Practice
Questions
(Review
•Title Slide: What is Slides
the presentation 1-
about?
5)
•CPU Slide: What is the main function of
the CPU in a computer?
•Motherboard Slide: How does the
motherboard connect and support other
computer components?
•Memory (RAM) Slide: Why is RAM
important for a computer’s performance?
•Storage Devices Slide: What is the key
difference between an HDD and an SSD?
Practice Questions
(Review Slides 6-11)
• Power Supply Unit (PSU) Slide: What does a
PSU do in a computer system?
• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Slide: What is
the difference between an integrated GPU and a
dedicated GPU?
• Cooling Systems Slide: Why are cooling
systems essential for a computer?
• Expansion Cards Slide: What are expansion
cards used for in a computer?
• Input and Output Devices Slide: Can you name
one input device and one output device and their
purposes?
• Computer Case Slide: What is the main purpose
of a computer case?
Summary

The lesson provides a comprehensive overview of the


essential components that make up a computer system and
how they work together to perform tasks efficiently. It begins
with the CPU, the brain of the computer, responsible for
processing instructions, and the motherboard, which acts as
the central hub connecting all components. Memory (RAM)
ensures quick data access, while storage devices, such as
HDDs and SSDs, store data long-term. The power supply
unit (PSU) provides the necessary energy, and the graphics
processing unit (GPU) handles visual rendering. Cooling
systems maintain optimal temperatures to prevent
overheating, and expansion cards enhance functionality by
adding features like improved graphics or additional
connectivity. Input and output devices facilitate user
interaction, and the computer case houses and protects all
these components while ensuring proper airflow. Together,
these elements form the backbone of a functional and
efficient computer system.

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