TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL TOPIC BRIEF PAGE

.
NO
.
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 METHODS TO WORK IN AUTOCAD 4
3 DIMENSION STYLE MANAGER 5
4 SOME COMMANDS WITH SHORTCUT 6
5 BLOCK COMMAND & HATCH COMMAND 7-8
COMMANDS IN AUTOCAD BEFORE STARTING
6 9
THE DRAWING
7 USER COORDINATE SYSTEM 9-10
COMMANDS FOR WORKING WITH 2D 11 -
8
MODELS 25
9 DRAWING ON LAYOUT 26
27 -
10 2D PLAN OF HOUSE AND FRONT ELEVATION
28
COMMANDS FOR WORKING WITH 3D 29 -
11
MODELS 36
12 ISOMETRIC DRAWING 37
13 3D MODEL 38
14 WATER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS 39
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FOR
15 40
FOUNDATION
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FOR SEPTIC
16 41
TANKS
1
 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FOR SLABS, 42 -
17
BEAMS AND STAIRCASE 43
18 CONCLUSION 44

INTRODUCTION
Autodesk AutoCAD stands as an iconic software in the
realm of computer-aided design (CAD), revolutionizing
the way engineers, architects, designers, and
professionals across diverse industries conceptualize,
draft, and refine their projects. As a powerful tool for
creating precise 2D and 3D designs, AutoCAD offers
unparalleled flexibility and efficiency in transforming
concepts into tangible blueprints and models. Working
on AutoCAD opens doors to a world of innovation,
where creativity merges seamlessly with precision
engineering. Whether you're a seasoned professional or
a novice enthusiast, mastering AutoCAD offers a
gateway to realizing intricate designs, optimizing
workflows, and ultimately, bringing ideas to life with
unparalleled accuracy and sophistication.
In the fast-paced world of design and engineering,
precision, efficiency, and innovation are paramount. In
this digital age, where technology continues to
revolutionize every industry, Computer-Aided Design
(CAD) software stands as the cornerstone of
architectural endeavors. Among the myriad of CAD
tools available, AutoCAD reigns supreme, offering
architects, engineers, and designers a robust platform
to conceptualize, design, and bring their visions to life.
AutoCAD, developed and marketed by Autodesk, has
transcended its status as mere software to become
synonymous with architectural excellence and
efficiency.

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In this guide, we will explore the fundamentals of
working with AutoCAD, delving into its core features,
best practices, and techniques essential for harnessing
its full potential in the realm of design and engineering.

Methods To Work In AutoCAD

1. GUI (Graphic User Interface):-

In this interface we can choose tools by selecting its graphical

representation or icon to work in AutoCAD.

2. CUI (Command User Interface):-

In this interface we can type the command in command palette

to work in AutoCAD.

3. Drawing Units :
To set the Drawing Units, type UN then press ENTER key.
Then a pop-up window will appear.
Then do the changes as per requirements.

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Then click OK.

Dimension Style Manager

To set the Dimension Style, type D then press ENTER key.
Then a pop-up window will appear.
Then click on Modify.
Then do the changes as per requirements.

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 Some Commands With Shortcut
Line :- L Dimension of Arc External Reference :-
Construction Line :- Length :- XREF
XL DAR Ellipse :- EL
Dimension of Linear Trim :- TR Block Editor :- BE
Line :- Leader Line :- LE Chamfer :- CHA
DLI Dimension of Cont. Rectangle :- REC
Ortho :- F8 Line :- Insert :- I
Array Classic :- DCO Extrude :- EXT
ARRAYC Mirror :- MI Polyline :- PL
Dimension of Aligned Special Line :- SPL Design Centre :- DC
Line :- Write Block :- W Presspull :- PRESS
DAL Pan :- PAN Join :- J
Grid :- F7 Stretch :- S Table :- TB
Polygon :- POL Plot / Print :- PLOT / Union :- UNI
Dimension of CTRL+P Explode :- X
Radius :- DRA Copy :- CO Line Type :- LT
Osnap :- F3 Scale :- SC Subtract :- SUB
Area :- AA List :- LI Extend :- EX
Dimension of Move :- M Line Weight :- LW
Diameter :- DDI Hatch :- H Loft :- LOFT
Option :- OP Limit :- LIMIT Arc :- A
Divide :- DIV Circle :- C Colour :- COL
Dimension of Angle :- Hatch Edit :- HEDIT Revolve :- REV
DAN Model View :- MV Fillet :- F
Offset :- O Rotate :- RO Match Properties :-
Point Style :- Block :- B MA
DDPTYPE Sweep :- SWEEP

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Ray :- RAY Drafting Setting :- DS Slice :- SLICE
Text :- T Line Type Scale :- LTS

Text Command :
To write the text in AutoCAD, type T then press ENTER key.
Then specify the corner points. Then a rectangular window will
appear where text can be typed. Also, from upper panel text
size, font and colour can be changed

BLOCK COMMAND :

When the same object shown multiple times in a diagram then we use
block command. First, we draw that object then type B then press ENTER
key. Then a pop-up window will appear where we first provide a name
then select the object then specify pick point. Then click OK.
To insert the block, we first type I then press ENTER key. Then select the
block by choosing its name. Then click OK. Then click on screen with left
mouse button to put that object where it is required.

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HATCH COMMAND

Hatching is used in technical drafting to communicate that an area of the

drawing has a particular attribute. It indicates that a section cut through a
part is a particular material or attribute.

For hatching, type H then press ENTER key then type T then press ENTER
key. Then a pop-up window will appear on screen. Then we change
pattern, colour, angle and scale according to the requirements. Then click
OK.

If we have to edit the hatching, type HEDIT then press ENTER key and click on
the hatched area and do the changes.

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Using the Key boards
1. Typing Command name is “command line”. Can run all the commands in
auto CAD.
2. Enter button and Space bar can be used to accept a command or repeat
last command.
3. The Function Keys can be used as toggle buttons to switch ON/ OFF for
some of functions. The Important ones are

S.NO FUNCTION KEY FUNCTION

1 F1 Help
2 F2 Command line history
3 F3 Object snap
4 F4 3D Osnap
5 F5 Isoplane Top/Left/Right
6 F6 Dynamic UCS on/off
7 F7 Toggle grid on/off
8 F8 Ortho on/off
9 F9 Snap on/off
10 F10 Polar on/off
11 F11 Object snap tracking
12 F12 Dynamic on/off

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  COMMANDS IN AUTOCAD BEFORE STARTING THE
DRAWING :

Before we start to draw any drawing, we must set Units, Limits &
Grid.
Units
Command: units (enter) Type Decimal Millimetres Click on ok.
Limits
Command: limits (enter) Specify lower left corner – (0, 0)
Specify upper right corner (10000, 10000)
Grid on
Click on F7
Zoom Command
Command: Z enter
Options: (All / centre/ dynamic/ Extents/ Previous/ scale/ window/
object/ real Time)
Line command
Command: L (enter)

 USER COORDINATE SYSTEM :

You can enter pts directly on the command line using 3 different
systems. The one you use is depend on which is more applicable for
the situation. The first assignment will get you used to this the 3
systems are as follows.
a. Absolute Coordinate system (x, y)
Absolute coordinates refers to a Cartesian System that uses x-
axis, y-axis, and sometimes a z- axis to establish a point some
distance from a common origin.
b. Relative rectangular Coordinate system @ (x, y)
c. Relative Polar Coordinate system: You would use this
system if you know that you want
to draw a line a certain distance at a perpendicular angle. We would
enter this as at D < A. where, D is the distance and A is the angle.

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  USING ABSOLUTE COORDINATE SYSTEM :

Absolute Coordinates uses the Cartesian System to specify a

position in the X, Y, and (if needed) Z axes to locate a point from the
0-X, 0-Y, and 0-Z (0,0,0) point. To locate a point using the Absolute
Coordinate system, type the X-value, Y-value, and, if needed, the Z-
value separated by commas (with no spaces).

1. Enter LINE command: L [Enter]

2. Start line at point A: 0,0 [Enter]
3. End first line at point B: 2,2 [Enter]
4. End of second line at point C: 2,3 [Enter]

 RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM :

1. Enter LINE command: L [Enter]

2. Start line at point A: 0,0 [Enter]
3. End first line at point B: @2,2 [Enter]
4. End of second line at point C: @0,1 [Enter]

 RELATIVE POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM :

1. Enter LINE command: L [Enter]

2. Start line at point A: 0,0 [Enter
3. End first line at point B: @2.828<45 [Enter]

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4. End of second line at point C: @1<90 [Enter]

Commands for Working With

2D Models
1. The Command Window
At the heart of the program is the Command window, which is
normally docked at the bottom of the application window. The
Command window displays prompts, options, and messages.

You can enter commands directly in the Command window

instead of using the ribbon, toolbars, and menus. Many long-
time users prefer this method.

Notice that as you start to type a command, it completes

automatically. When several possibilities are available such as
in the example below, you can make your choice by clicking it
or using the arrow keys and then pressing Enter or the
Spacebar.

2. Units Command
After you start a new drawing, you'll first decide what the
length of one unit represents—an inch, a foot, a centimeter, a
kilometer, or some other unit of length. For example, the
objects below could represent two buildings that are each 125
feet long, or they could represent a section from a mechanical
part that is measured in millimeters.

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3. Model Scale
Always create your models at full size (1:1 scale). The
term model refers to the geometry of your design.
A drawing includes the model geometry along with the views,
notes, dimensions, callouts, tables, and the title block displayed
in the layout.

You'll specify the scale for printing a drawing on a standard-

sized sheet later, when you create the layout.

4. Lines
The line is the most basic and common object in AutoCAD
drawings. To draw a line, click the Line tool.

Alternatively, you can type LINE or just L in the Command

window, and then press Enter or the Spacebar.

Notice the prompt in the Command window for a point location.

To specify the starting point for this line, you would type in the
Cartesian coordinates 0,0. It's generally a good idea to locate
one corner of your model at 0,0, which is called the origin point.
To locate additional points, you could specify additional X,Y
coordinate locations in the drawing area, however more

12
efficient methods for specifying points are available, and will be
presented in the Precision topic.

After you specify the next point, the LINE command

automatically repeats itself, and it keeps prompting you for
additional points. Press Enter or the Spacebar to end the
sequence.

5. Circles
The default option of the CIRCLE command requires you to
specify a center point and a radius.

Alternatively, you can enter CIRCLE or just C in the Command

window and click to choose an option. If you do, you can specify
a center point, or you can click one of the highlighted command
options as shown below.

Circles can be useful as reference geometry. For example, you

can see that the two doors in the illustration can interfere with
each other.

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6. Polylines
A polyline is a connected sequence of line or arc segments that
is created as a single object.

Use the PLINE command to create open or closed polylines for

 Geometry that needs to have fixed-width segments

 Continuous paths for which you need to know the total
length
 Contour lines for topographic maps and isobaric data
 Wiring diagrams and traces on printed circuit boards
 Process and piping diagrams

Polylines can have a constant width or they can have different

starting and ending widths. After you specify the first point of
the polyline, you can use the Width option to specify the width
of all subsequently created segments. You can change the
width value at any time, even as you create new segments.

7. Rectangles
A fast way to create closed rectangular polylines is to use the
RECTANG command (enter REC in the Command window).

14
Simply click two diagonal points for the rectangle as illustrated.
If you use this method, turn on grid snap (F9) for precision.

8. Hatches and Fills

In AutoCAD, a hatch is a single, compound object that covers a
specified area with a pattern of lines, dots, shapes, a solid fill
color, or a gradient fill.

When you start the HATCH command, the ribbon temporarily

displays the Hatch Creation tab. On this tab, you can choose
from more than 70 industry-standard imperial and ISO hatch
patterns, along with many specialized options.

The simplest procedure is to choose a hatch pattern and scale

from the ribbon, and click within any area that is completely
enclosed by objects. You need to specify the scale factor for the
hatch to control its size and spacing.

After you create a hatch, you can move the bounding objects to
adjust the hatch area, or you can delete one or more of the
bounding objects to create partially bounded hatches:

9. Layers

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Organize your drawing by assigning objects to layers.

When a drawing becomes visually complex, you can hide the

objects that you currently do not need to see.

In the drawing above, the doors and electrical wiring were

temporarily hidden by turning off their layers.

With layers, you can

 Associate objects by their function or location

 Display or hide all related objects in a single operation

 Enforce linetype, color, and other property standards for

each layer
Important: Resist the temptation to create everything on one
layer. Layers are the most important organizing feature
available in AutoCAD drawings.

10. Layer Controls

To see how a drawing is organized, use the LAYER command to
open the Layer Properties Manager. You can either enter LAYER
or LA in the Command window, or you can click the Layer
Properties tool on the ribbon.

In the column labeled On, notice that the light bulb icons for
two layers are dark. These layers were turned off to hide the
doors and electrical wiring in the floor plan.

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Notice that each layer name starts with a two-digit number.
This convention makes it easy to control the order of the layers
because their order does not depend on the alphabet.

Tip: For complex drawings, you might want to consider a more

elaborate layer naming standard. For example, layer names
could begin with 3 digits followed by a naming code that
accommodates multiple floors in a building, project numbers,
sets of survey and property data, and so on.

11. Linetypes
Dashed and other non-continuous linetypes are assigned from
the Properties panel. You first need to load a linetype before
you can assign it.

In the Linetype drop-down list, click Other.

This action displays the Linetype Manager dialog box.

Perform the following steps:

1. Click Load. Choose one or more linetypes that you want to

use. Notice that dashed (non-continuous) linetypes come
in several preset sizes.
2. Click Show/Hide details to display additional settings.
3. Specify a different "global scale factor" for all linetypes—
the larger the value, the longer the dashes and spaces.
Click OK.

12. Lineweights

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The Lineweight property provides a way to display different
thicknesses for selected objects. The thickness of the lines
remain constant regardless of the scale of the view. In a layout,
lineweights display and print in real-world units.

Tip: It's usually best to leave lineweights turned off while you
work. Heavy lineweights can obscure nearby objects when you
use object snaps. You might want to turn them for checking
purposes just before you print.

13. Select Multiple Objects

Sometimes you need to select a large number of objects.
Instead of selecting each object individually, you can select the
objects in an area by clicking an empty location (1), moving
your cursor right or left, and then clicking a second time (2).

 With a crossing selection, any objects within or touching

the green area are selected.
 With a window selection, only the objects completely
contained within the blue area are selected.

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14. Move and Copy
The method that you will often use when you don't want to add
numbers together, requires two steps. You start the COPY
command and select the tile as before, but this time you click
the two endpoints as shown. These two points also define a
distance and direction.

Create Multiple Copies

Similarly, you can use the two-points method as a repeating
sequence. Let's say that you want to make more copies of the
circle at the same horizontal distance. You start the COPY
command and select the circle as shown.

Then, using the Center object snap, click the center of circle 1,
followed by the center of circle 2, and so on.

15. Array
For larger numbers of copies, try experimenting with the Array
option of the COPY command. For example, here's a linear
arrangement of deep foundation piles. From a base point, you
specify number of copies and the center-to-center distance.

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16. Offset
Most models include a lot of parallel lines and curves. Creating
them is easy and efficient with the OFFSET command. Click the
OFFSET tool or enter O in the Command window.

Select the object (1), specify the offset distance, and click to
indicate on which side of the original that you want the result
(2). Here is an example of offsetting a polyline.

Tip: A fast way to create concentric circles is to offset them.

17. Trim and Extend

A popular technique is to use the OFFSET command in
combination with the TRIM and EXTEND commands. Trimming
and extending are some of the most commonly used
operations. Click the TRIM or MOVE tool or enter TR for TRIM or
EX for EXTEND in the Command window.

In the following illustration, let's say you want to extend the

lines that represent the steps for this deck. You start the
Extend command and select the objects to be extended (near
the ends to be extended) and then press Enter or the Spacebar
to end the command.

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As a result, the lines are extended to the first boundary that
they encounter.

18. Mirror
The following illustration comes from a tile project. The walls in
this residential bathroom are flattened out to be able to lay out
the tile pattern and estimate the number of tiles needed.

19. Stretch
You can stretch most geometric objects. This lets you lengthen
and shorten parts of your model. For example, this model might
be a gasket or the design for a public park.

Use the STRETCH command (or enter S in the Command

window) and select the objects with a crossing selection as
shown below (1 and 2). The crossing selection is mandatory—
only the geometry that is crossed by the crossing selection is
stretched. Then click anywhere in the drawing area (3), move
21
the cursor to the right, and enter 50 as the distance. This
distance might represent millimeters or feet.

20. Fillet
The FILLET command (enter F in the Command window) creates
a rounded corner by creating an arc that is tangent to two
selected objects. Notice that the fillet is created relative to
where you select the objects.

You can create a fillet between most types of geometric

objects, including lines, arcs, and polyline segments.

21. ROTATE (Command)

Rotates objects around a base point.You can rotate selected
objects around a base point to an absolute angle.

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The following prompts are displayed.

Select objects
Use an object selection method and press Enter when you
finish.
Specify base point
Specify a point.
Specify rotation angle
Enter an angle, specify a point, enter c , or enter r.

22. TRIM (Command)

Trims objects to meet the edges of other objects.

There are two modes that you can use to trim objects, Quick
mode and Standard mode.

Quick Mode. To trim objects, select the objects to be trimmed

individually, press and drag to start a freehand selection path,
or pick two empty locations to specify a crossing Fence. All
objects automatically act as cutting edges. Selected objects
that can't be trimmed are deleted instead.

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Standard Mode. To trim objects, first select the boundaries
and press Enter. Then select the objects to be trimmed. To use
all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects
prompt.

23. Annotate
Create notes, labels, bubbles, and callouts. Save and restore
style settings by name.

You create general notes using the MTEXT command (or enter
MT in the Command window), which stands for multiline text. The
multiline text tool is available on the Annotation panel.

After you start the MTEXT command, you are prompted to

create a "text box" with two diagonal clicks.

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24. Linear Dimensions
You can create horizontal, vertical, aligned, and radial
dimensions with the DIM command. The type of dimension
depends on the object that you select and the direction that
you drag the dimension line.

The following illustration demonstrates one method for using

the DIM command. Once you start the command, select the line
(1), and then click the location of the dimension line (2).

For the 8'-0" dimension below, you use another method. You
start the DIM command, click two endpoints (1 and 2) and then
the location of the dimension line (3). To line up the dimension
lines point 3 was snapped to the endpoint of the previously
created dimension line.

25. Dimension Styles

Dimension styles help establish and enforce drafting standards.
There are many dimension variables that can be set with the
DIMSTYLE command to control virtually every nuance of the
appearance and behaviour of dimensions. All these settings are
stored in each dimension style.

The default dimension style is named either Standard (imperial)

or ISO-25 (metric). It is assigned to all dimensions until you set
another style as the current dimension style.

26. PLOT (Command)

Plots a drawing to a plotter, printer, or file.

25
The Plot dialog box is displayed. Click OK to begin plotting with
the current settings.

Note: When Uncompressed Textures is turned on, there is no

reduction in the quality of the images in the drawing when they
are plotted. Uncompressed Textures does not affect viewports
that are rendered. To identify if Uncompressed Textures is
enabled, enter 3DCONFIG. In the Graphics Performance dialog
box, look at the Effects Settings list.

27. Print
Output a drawing layout to a printer, a plotter, or a file. Save
and restore the printer settings for each layout.

Originally, people printed text from printers

and plotted drawings from plotters. Now, you can do both with
either. So this guide will also use the terms print and plot
interchangeably as everyone else does.

The command to output a drawing is PLOT and you can access

it from the Quick Access toolbar.

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Output to a PDF File
The following example shows you how to create a page setup
for creating PDF files.

From the Printer/plotter drop-down list, choose AutoCAD PDF

(General Documentation).pc3:

Next, choose the size and scale options that you want to use:

 Paper Size. The orientation (portrait or landscape) is built

into the choices in the drop-down list.
 Plot Area. You can clip the area to be plotted with these
options, but usually you plot everything.
 Plot Offset. This setting changes based on your printer,
plotter, or other output. Try centering the plot or adjusting
the origin, but remember that printers and plotters have a
built-in margin around the edges.
 Plot Scale. Choose your plot scale from the drop-down list.
A scale such as 1/4” = 1’-0” is meant for printing to scale
from the Model tab. On a layout tab, you normally print at
a 1:1 scale.
Tip: Always double-check your settings with the Preview
option.S

The resulting Preview window includes a toolbar with several

controls, including Plot and Close Preview Window.

After you are satisfied with your plot settings, save them to a
page setup with a descriptive name such as "PDF-
monochrome." Then, whenever you want to output to a PDF
file, all that you need to do is click Print, choose the PDF-
monochrome page setup, and click OK.

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 Drawing On Layout
 In Dwg Form On Layout

 In PDF form

28
29
2D PLAN OF HOUSE

30
FRONT ELEVATION

31
 Commands for Working With
3D Models
1. EXTRUDE (Command)
Creates a 3D solid from an object that encloses an area, or a
3D surface from an object with open ends.

Objects can be extruded orthogonally from the plane of the

source object, in a specified direction, or along a selected path.
You can also specify a taper angle.

2. PRESSPULL (Command)
Dynamically modifies objects by extrusion and offset .

Get visual feedback as you move the cursor after selecting a

2D object, an area formed by a closed boundary or a 3D solid
face. The press or pull behavior responds to the type of object
you select to create extrusions and offsets. In this example, the
area between two polylines is pulled to create a 3D solid wall.

32
3. SLICE (Command)
Creates new 3D solids and surfaces by slicing, or dividing,
existing objects.

The cutting plane is defined with 2 or 3 points by specifying a

major plane of the UCS, or by selecting a planar or a surface
object (but not a mesh). One or both sides of the sliced objects
can be retained.

 3D solid objects can be sliced using specified planes and

surface objects
 Surface objects can be sliced by specified planes only
 Meshes cannot directly be sliced or used as slicing
surfaces

Sliced objects retain the layer and color properties of the

original objects, however the resulting solid or surface objects
do not retain a history of the original objects.

4. SOLIDEDIT (Command)
33
Edits faces and edges of 3D solid objects.

You can extrude, move, rotate, offset, taper, copy, delete, and
assign colors and materials to faces. You can also copy and
assign colors to edges. You can imprint, separate, shell, clean,
and check the validity of the entire 3D solid object (body).

You cannot use SOLIDEDIT with mesh objects. However, if you

select a closed mesh object, you will be prompted to convert it
to a 3D solid.

5. LOFT (Command)
Creates a 3D solid or surface in the space between several
cross sections.

Creates a 3D solid or surface by specifying a series of cross

sections. The cross sections define the shape of the resulting
solid or surface. You must specify at least two cross
sections.Loft cross sections can be open or closed, planar or
non-planar, and can also be edge subobjects. Open cross
sections create surfaces and closed cross sections create solids
or surfaces, depending on the specified mode.

6. MESH (Command)
34
Creates a 3D mesh primitive object such as a box, cone,
cylinder, pyramid, sphere, wedge, or torus.

The basic mesh forms, known as mesh primitives, are the

equivalent of the primitive forms for 3D solids.

You can reshape mesh objects by smoothing, creasing, refining,

and splitting faces. You can also drag edges, faces, and vertices
to mold the overall form.’

7. BOX (Command)
Creates a 3D solid box.
The following prompts are displayed.
 First Corner
Starts the box by setting the first corner.
 Other Corner
Sets the opposite corner and height of the base of the box.

 Creates a box with sides of equal length.

The base of the box is always drawn parallel to the XY plane of

the current UCS (work plane). The height of the box is specified
in the Z-axis direction. You can enter both positive and
negative values for the height.

35
8. CONE (Command)
Creates a 3D solid cone.

Creates a 3D solid with a circular or elliptical base that tapers

symmetrically to a point or to a circular or elliptical planar face.
You can control the smoothness of 3D curved solids, such as a
cone, in a shaded or hidden visual style with the FACETRES
system variable.

9. CYLINDER (Command)
Creates a 3D solid cylinder.

In the illustration, the cylinder was created using a center point

(1), a point on the radius (2), and a point for the height (3). The
base of the cylinder is always on a plane parallel with the
workplane. You can control the smoothness of curved 3D solids,
such as a cylinder, in a shaded or hidden visual style with the
FACETRES system variable.

36
During a drawing session, the default value for the base radius
is always the previously entered base radius value.

10. POLYSOLID (Command)

Creates 3D solid in the shape of a wall or series of walls.

You can create 3D walls with straight and curved segments of

constant height and width.

11. SPHERE (Command)

Creates a 3D solid sphere.

You can create a sphere by specifying a center point and a

point on the radius. You can control the smoothness of curved
3D solids, such as a sphere, in a shaded or hidden visual style
with the FACETRES system variable.

37
12. TORUS (Command)
Creates a donut-shaped 3D solid.

You can create a torus by specifying the center, then the radius
or diameter of the torus, and then the radius or diameter of the
tube that surrounds the torus. You can control the smoothness
of curved 3D solids, such as a torus, in a shaded or hidden
visual style with the FACETRES system variable.

13. WEDGE (Command)

Creates a 3D solid wedge.

The direction of the taper is always in the positive X-axis

direction of the UCS.

38
Entering a positive value draws the height along the
positive Z axis of the current UCS. Entering a negative value
draws the height along the negative Z axis.

14. 3DMOVE (Command)

In a 3D view, displays the 3D Move gizmo to aid in moving 3D
objects a specified distance in a specified direction.

With the 3D Move gizmo, you can move selected objects and
subobjects freely or constrain the movement to an axis or
plane.

15. 3DORBIT (Command)

Provides interactive viewing in 3D with the mouse. Right-click
to display viewing options.

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3DORBIT activates a 3D Orbit view in the current viewport, and
the 3D Orbit cursor icon appears. You cannot edit objects while
3DORBIT is active. If you drag the cursor horizontally, the
camera moves parallel to the XY plane of the world coordinate
system (WCS). If you drag the cursor vertically, the camera
moves along the Z axis. A small dark sphere displays
temporarily, representing the target point about which your
view rotates.

Note: If the current visual style exhibits a performance

slowdown due to displaying a large model, a faster visual style
might be temporarily used.

16. 3D ROTATE (Command)

In a 3D view, displays the 3D Rotate gizmo to aid in revolving
3D objects around a base point.

With the 3D Rotate gizmo, you can drag to rotate selected

objects and subobjects freely or constrain the rotation to an
axis.

17. 3DSCALE (Command)

In a 3D view, displays the 3D Scale gizmo to aid in resizing 3D
objects.

With the 3D Scale gizmo, you can resize selected objects and
subobjects along an axis or plane, or resize the objects
uniformly.

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The 3D Scale Gizmo shortcut menu offers options for aligning,
moving, or changing to another gizmo.

ISOMETRIC DRAWING
Isometric projection is a method for visually representing
3D objects in 2D in technical and engineering drawings. In
this projection, all three angles made X, Y and Z axis are
120° each.
To make isometric drawing, we have to first go to
drafting setting by typing DS then press ENTER key. Then go
to snap and grid. Then go to snap type and click on
isometric snap.

 Rules on Isometric Drawing:-

1. Ortho should always be on.
2. Use F5 key to change between planes.
3. Circle, rectangle, mirror and offset commands should not be used in
isometry.

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3D MODEL

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WATER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS

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REINFOCREMENT DETAILS FOR
FOUNDATION
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REINFOCREMENT DETAILS FOR
SEPTIC TANKS
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REINFOCREMENT DETAILS FOR SLABS ,
BEAMS AND STAIRCASE

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 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, working with AutoCAD is an enriching
journey that empowers individuals across various
disciplines to transform their creative visions into
reality. Throughout this exploration, we've delved into
the myriad features and functionalities that AutoCAD
offers, from its precise drafting tools to its dynamic 3D
modeling capabilities. We've uncovered how AutoCAD
streamlines workflows, enhances collaboration, and
fosters innovation in industries ranging from
architecture and engineering to manufacturing and
urban planning.
Moreover, mastering AutoCAD extends beyond mere
technical proficiency; it cultivates a mindset of
problem-solving and creativity. By navigating the
complexities of design challenges within the AutoCAD
environment, professionals sharpen their analytical
skills and develop a keen eye for detail. They learn to
anticipate potential issues, iterate on designs with
precision, and ultimately deliver solutions that exceed
expectations.

In essence, working with AutoCAD transcends the mere

act of drafting; it's a journey of continual growth and
discovery. As users navigate its expansive toolset, they
not only refine their technical skills but also cultivate a
mindset of ingenuity and adaptability. In this dynamic
landscape of design and engineering, AutoCAD remains
an indispensable ally, empowering individuals to shape
the world around them with precision, creativity, and
boundless imagination.

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