# \n is for new line so this is sjowing in new line for that we use (r’) it means raw string.

#variable

# VARIABLE = VARIABLE IS A NAME U GIVING TO COMPUTER MEMORY

Previous operation output we can use through (_)

STRING

# STRING IN PYTHONIS IMMUTABLE (U CAN NOT CHANGE THE VALUE)

#LISTS

#MUTABLE (WE CAN CHANGE THE VALUES)

#POP IS FOR REMOVE ELEMENT
#TUPLE
#DATA TYPES

#NONE (NULL)

>> NUMERIC

#IN COMPLEX J MEANS ROOT OF -1

#WE USE 1 FOR TRUE AND 0 FOR FALSE IN BOOLEAN IT CAN CONVERT INTIGER TYPE IN BOOLEAN
#KEYS WILL NOT REPEAT SAME AND FOR SET USE CURLY BRACKET
 # UNARY OPERATOR

# RELATIONAL OPERATOR

#LOGICAL OPERATOR

# AND, OR, NOT

# BINARY

0B REPRESENT BINARY FORMAT

 O = OCATAL 0XA= HEXADECIMAL

#BITWISE OPERATOR

#IN IT WE CHECK THROUGH 13S 1ST COMPLIMENT AND 2ND COMPLIMENT AND 2ND COMPLIMENT IS ~12.

# BITWISE AND OR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# x or

= =

#RIGHT SHIFT
#LEFT SHIFT
#argument values
# if else elif statement

# IF ELSE STATMENT
# IF ELIF ELSE STATMENT

# If statement is not get then it will go next elif statement. And it will come out

# WHILE LOOP
# FOR LOOP

#BREAK STAT
#CONTINUE IN CONTINUE IT WILL SKIP IF STAT AND REPEAT AGAIN
#PASS

# PRINTING PATTERNS
#OOP = 0BJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING
# INT METHOD
 ---

#TYPES OF VARIABLE
#TYPES OF METHODS

GET FOR GETTING VALUE

SET FOR SETTING VALUE

#CLASS METHOD

IF USING INSTANCE USE SELF & FOR CLASS CLS

1 ) PROGRAM TO INCREMENT A GIVEN NO BY 1

2 ) PROGRAM TO INCREMENT SALARY BY 1000

OUTPUT = 11000

# IF YOU WANT TO ADD STRING IN PRINT FUNCTION YOU NEED TO USE SINGLE COT.

OUTPUT = INCREMENTED SALARY = 11000

3 ) PROGRAM TO ADD TWO NUMBERS

# STRING = GROUP OF CHARACTER

# INPUT = FUNCTION WILL TAKE INPUT FROM KEYBOARD. INPUT FUNCTION WILL TAKE ANYTHING. ANY DTA AS STRING
ONLY
#SO THAT STRING WE HAVE TO CONVERT INTO INT ONLY. AND THAT STORED IN VARIABLE. EX. (int (input())

4 ) PROGRAM TO PERFORM ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

# N NUMBER OF VRAIBLE U CAN PASS IN PRINT FUNCTION JUST USE COMMA

# FLOAT = DECIMAL POINT NUMBERS

OUTPUT

5 ) PROGRAAM TO FINDING A SQUARE ROOT

(.) REPRESENT MEMBERSHIP IT IS CALLED SQRT IS MEMBER OF MATH PROGRAM

6 ) PROGRAAM TO FINDING A SQUARE ROOVALUE

(**) POWER OPERATOR

6 ) PROGRAAM TO ROOT OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

7 ) PROGRAM TO KNOWING POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

# == SHOWS EQUALITY

# IN PYTHON ELSE IF IS WRITE LIKE ELIF

8 ) PYTHON IF STATEMENT

# IF STAT EXECUTE A TASK DEPENDING ON CONDITION IS TRUE OR NOT.

THIS ARE 3 WAYS WE CREATE IF STATMENT

9 ) TO TEST GIVEN NUMBER IS EVEN OR ODD

10 ) FINDING BIGGER NUMBER IN TWO NUMBERS

11 ) Bigger number in two numbers – continue

12 ) Difference Between Two numbers

13 ) to Finding Biggest number in three numbers

# 4 spaces is necessary to for belonging this condition to if part

# in if else after condition we have to use : and Else:

14 ) Biggest number in three numbers – continued

15 ) checking password

16 ) calculating electricity bill

17 ) generate numbers upto 100

If condition is false it came out of statement.

Output : #after print statement there are 4 space it will show end after every statement.

#So if we don’t put 4 space after print condition

Ex

Output

#This is the way to write while loop in python.

18 ) EVEN NUMBERS UPTO 100

19 ) EVEN NUMBERS BETWEEN M AND N

OUTPUT

#AFTER ADDING 11 IT SHOWING ODD NUMBER BUT WE WANT EVEN NUMBER

THEN

#IF M IS %2 AND REMINDER IS NOT EQAUAL TO 0

#ODD NUMBERS ARE NOT DIVISIBLE BY 2

# IF M IS ODD THEN MAKE M AS EVEN

# EX. IF 11%2 IS NOT DIVISIBLE BY 2 SO REMINDER IS1. NOT EQUAL TO ZERO THEN STATEMENT GO TO WHILE S
OUTPUT

20 ) REVERSING A NUMBER

Output

#To show in single line :

output
21) finding sum of digits of a number

Output

22 ) DISPLAY LIST ELEMENT

GENERALLY COUNTING START FROM 0TH POSITION SO 0-1 1-5 2-3 3-10 POSITIONS IN THE LIST
LEN FUNCTION FOR LENTH [i] IS LIST ELEMENT VALUE

23) SUM OF ELEMENTS IN A LIST

 OUPUT--

24) TO DISPLAY A STRING 5 TIMEES

25 ) DISPLAY TWO SEQUENCES

# WHEN WRITING MORE THAN 2 STATEMENT USE : ON EVERY STATEMENT

 OUTPUT

OUTPUT

26) DISPLAY NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10

27) EVEN NUMBER FROM 100 TO 200

# IN FOR LOOP AFTER VARIABLE ADD WRITE IN

28 ) DISPLAY LIST LIMIT

OUTPUT

29) RETRIVE EVEN NUMBERS FROM A LIST

# IN THIS % IS USED FOR EVEN NO CHECK IT IS DIVISIBLE BY2 THEN ITS EVEN OTHER WISE CONDTION STOP (i%2==0)

# IN LIST 0 IS DIVISIBLE BY 2 THEN ANS IS 0 IT WILL SHOWN IN OUTPUT BUT WE DON’T WANT THIS SO WE HAVD USED
AND OPERATOR( AND i!=0)

30 ) biggest element in the list of element

31) DISPLAY STAR IN TRAINGULAR FORM

#RANGE(1, 6 )--- ONLY PRINT 1TO 5 NUM 6 IS ONLY EXCLUDED. (1, Rows+1)

#WE NEED IN SAME LINE SO WE ADD end=’’ (EMPTY STRING) IN PRINT FUNCTION.
32) SUMS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVES

33) SWAPPING TWO VALUES

34) TESTING PRIME OR NOT
 RNR LECTURE NOTES

Source code – program code

Byte code -

Binary code – machine code

Translator –

1) Interpreter
2) Compiler
3) Assembler

PVM (INTERPRETER)– PVM IS PLATFORM DEPENDANT

FROZEN BINARY –

CONVERTED SOURCE CODE INTO BYTE CODE BY USING -m py_compille X.py then go to file location and check it is
converted into byte code. IT IS GOES TO DIRECTORY OF _PYCACHE_
THIS SHOWS PYTHON BYTE CODE IN HUMAN READABLE FORM

2 = SECOND LINE 0= MEMORY ADDRESS LOAD CONSTATNT VALUE 0= MEMORY LOCATION 10= VALUE ADDED IN
MEMORY LOCATION 2= MMR LO STORE_NAME= BYTE CODE INSTRUCTION 0= MMR LO (A) = VARIABLE STORED IN 0
LOCATION

# PIP – PYTHON INSTALLATION PACKAGE ( FOR INSTALLATION )

# FOR UPGRADATION OF PACKAGE –

# PIP LIST – TO SHOW WHICH LIABRARIES ALREADY INSTALLED

#

# IF U WRITING PROGRAM IN NOTEPAD THEN SAVE IT USING “” COZ MOTEPAD SAVES IN TXT.FORMAT
DATA TYPES –

TYPE FUNCTION-

COMPLEX NO –
TYPES WITH EXAMPLE

BOOL (BOOLIAN) ( 2 DATA TYPES )

STRING –
FUNCTION –
# SET OF STATEMENT

# A FUNCTION IS WRITTEN INSIDE A CLASS IS ‘METHOD’.

OPERATION S OF SEQUENCE –

1 ) INDEXING – RETREIVING AN ELEMENT BY ITS POSITION NO. [n]

2 ) SLICING – RETRIEVING A RANGE OF ELEMENT. [STARTINDEX: ENDINDEX: STEP] (INDEX- CHARACTER POSITION
NUMBER)
3 ) repetation – to repeat the sequence

Char datatype –

# ‘i’ represent each element of str.

# (end=’\n’) it means start cursor in next line

# (end= ‘ ‘ ) it means remove all cursors of next line

BYTES DATATYPES –

0 – 255 BYTE RANGE (POSITIVE)

BYTES CANNOT BE MODIFIED (IMMUTABLE)

BYTEARRAY = SIMILAR TO BYTES BUT IT CAN BE MODIFIED (MUTABLE)

MAPPING DATATYPES = LINKING OF KEY – VALUE PAIRS

DICT TYPE = STORES DATA IN THE FORM OF KEY – VALUE PAIRS

# FOR MAPPING DATA TYPE THE DICT TYPE IS USED .

# ST = DICTONARY , [11] = KEY , ‘REETA’ = VALUE ,

#
# to add pair – st[16] = ‘kapoor’

# to delete pair – del(st[11])

# to store key in k – k = st.keys()

To retrive key = for i in k: print (i)

Item method u have to use to store both key & values .

A CLASS IS USER DEFINED DATA TYPES.

NOTATION = D=DECIMAL S=STRING F=FLOAT

{} = THIS IS PLACE FOLDER WHERE VARIABLE AVALUE DISPLAYED

.format is method for string. Where string is working

# WHEN VARIABLE SEQUENCE CHANGED VALUES CHANGED

#iterable = repeatable

#split = it is method break the string in to the pieces

----------------------------------------------------------------LECTURE 6---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------lecture 7------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#BREAK STMT
#CONTINUE STMT

#continue again and again --------- ( print 1 to 5 again again )

#PASS STMT
#ASSERT STMT

#RETURN STMT
#*Y = DENOTES VARIABLE LENGTH ARGUMENT

# 100 STORE IN X & 1,2 STORE IN *Y

----------------------------------------------------------------LECTURE 8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 4X3X2X1X1
1 2 3

4 ALL 4 OUTPUT = SUM =25 , -5

---------------------------------------------------------lecture 9 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#when using lambda function don’t use def fun & functions name & backet. Use parameter only

#every lambda expression be represented by an object. Ex. F =

How to check no is even – ( %2==0 ) keep in mind always

0x – hexa decimal no – 00001e7dbb89d90 - memory address

#list function convert any object into list.

Same by for loop method =

zero cut by x!=0 .

#Reduce function is in functools module

1st way
----------------------------------------------------------LECTURE 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ARRAYS – A GROUP PF ELEMENT OF SAME DATATYPE.

# ALL THE ELEMENT ARE STORED IN THE ARRAY. IN MEMORY LOCATION.

#ARRAYS ARE FASTER THAN THE LIST.

#FOR USING ARRAY INSTALL NUMPY PACKAGE.

#NP IS ALIAS NAME

# 1) ARRAY – TAKES AS ELEMENT FROM LINE.

# 2) LINSPACE – IT WILL TAKE DISSTACNCE BETWEEN 2 POINT AND CUT IN EQUAL POINT AND THOSE POINT STORE IN
ARRAY

# 0 – 10 POINT IN THAT 5 POINT

#LOGSPACE – IT WILL GIVE U EXPONENSIAL (POWER)

# 3) ARANGE – GENERATE RANGE OF ELEMENT (GENERATE NUMBER OF TWO ) AS SAME ARANGE GENERATE NO AND
ELEMENT STORE IN ARRAY.

# SO SEE WE CAN DO THIS IN VARIOUS WAYS

# 4 ) ZEROS () – ZERO WILL GENERATE ELEMENT AND FILLS IN 0 IN ARRAY

# 5 ) ONES () --- ONES WILL GENERATE ELEMENT AND FILLS IN 1 IN ARRAY

WE CAN ADD CONSTATNT VALUE IN ARRAY LIKE THIS MANNER

NAN – NOT A VALUE (NOT A NUMBER)

OPERATIONS ON 1D
# YOU ARE NOT CREATING NEW ARRAY JUST USING AS ANOTHER NAME. EX-- LIKE A NICKNAME

# VIES IS THE METHOD THAT COPY ALL ELEMNT OF ARRAY

# IF U MAKE ANY CORRECTION ON ARR BUT IT WILL NOT SAVE IN X SO THIS OPY KNOWN AS DEEP COPY.
# ARRTRIBUTES MEANS PROPERTIES OF AN ARRAY.

# ATTRIBUTES ARE PROPERTIES NOT A FUNCTION

# 1 ) NDIM ATTRIBUTE – IT WILL GIVE DIMENTIONALITY OF AN ARRAY.

# 2 ) SHAPE ATTRIBUTE – SHOWS NO OF ELEMENT IN 1D & NO OF ROW , COLUM IN 2D. IT RETURNS RESULT AS TUPLE.

# 3 ) SIZE ATTRIBUTE - NO OF ELEMENTS.

# 4 ) ITEMSIZE – SIZE OF AN ELEMENT. (BYTES)

# EACH ELEMENT TAKES 4 BYTE ANF FLOAT TAKE 8 BYTE .

# 5 ) NBYTES - TOTAL SIZE OF ARRAY IN BYTE

# 6 ) DTYPE- DATA TYPE OF ARRAY

# 7 ) RESHAPE – CONVERTS 1D TO 2D ARRAY

# 8 ) FLATTEN – CONVERTS 2D TO 1D ARRAY

# 2D ARRAY –

# 1 ) ARRAY()

# DATA TYPES OF ALL ARRAY CREATED IN NDARRAY

# 2 ) ONES() -

# 3 ) ZEROS() -

# 4 ) EYE () – SQUARE TYPE ARRAY

# OPERATIONS ON 2D ARRRAY –

IN IT WE WANT 0:1 ROWS BUT IN WRITING WE HAVE TO END IT IN 0:2.

# TRANSPOSE – ROWS CONVERTS TO COLUMN

OTHER WAYS TO CONVERT TRANSPOSE.

DIAGONAL GENERAL FUNCTION

SORT ROW SORT COLUMN

-------------------------------------------------------------- LECTURE 11 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# OOPS
#in every object it is showing same data. That is called default constructor .

# constructor – (__init__) & self is parameter

# def talk (self) is not stored in mmr it is refrence ( already stored just taken as refrence ) his mmr location is default old
mmr location.

# when object created then only memory add is created. In this all data fetched. And then mmr add goes to (self)
parameter.
# parameterised constructor – with one or more parameter
---------------------------------------------------------------- LECTURE 12----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q . create a student class with rno, name and mark in 3 subjects display the total marks and percentage.

1 ) __init__ constructor =

to show % sign in result we have to use %% in print function

1st obj = 2nd obj =

2) Parameterised constructor =

1st 2nd

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1)Instance =

1 access =

2 mutate =

2 ) class method =

whatever value u give to x is modify in othr also

------------------------------------------------------------------------ L 13--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#inner object can be creat in outer object
#If u want to secure the data of then use __ in front of variable.
Another one

Name mangeling – changing name of variable to break astraction

Syntax- _classname__variable name

Teacher.py student.py
# use of another object in inner object
-----------------------------------------------------------------------L14---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operator overloading
Method overloading

Duck typing
# How many seconds time elapse called epoch

To converts seconds into real time = dt =time.ctime(ep)

---------------------------------------------------------------L 15 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserch method

Finadall method
In this (space \d\d space ) for correct roll number output
breakfast.html
Convert binary string int normal string
------------------------------------------------------------L16-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sorted data in list in key value pair

more than 1 colum use double bracket.
location (retrive prticyular data)
Missing value

Nan – not a number (null)

---------------------------------------------------------------L17---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cnvrt Excel to save as csv file

Copy path address

Convert back slash into forword slash

Delete two column in excel and run in jupitar

only one column
if giving more than 2 column name then give them as list

As you see when using loc it showing 3to0 but in iloc escapes 0 .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------L 18---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(read_csv) use for fetch emp.csv file in df

greater than values rows

to fetch name by name only

if want in using ename to find sal

if want more of 2 column name use in list bracket

max salary
 Not have duplicate value. also uniq value there

to change in the index column

Implace means same data frame do not generate another df

to reset the df column

If nan value in the fiel then using key function manage the data in sequence.
 drop nan record.

Convert strings inti doj

 unsorted data

Ser(object) = pd.series(class)
concardination (joining)
-------------------------------------------------------------------L19-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Create new file in Jupiter as demo 1

Convert mydic in df

#passing the mydic data to dataframe (obj)

 or

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
======================== L 20 ===========================
Gives new index by (ignore_index=true) taking in list bracket
--------------------------------------------------------------- L 21 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Randit – random integer number

Everytime generate new number

DF with random number.

Condition on df =
 To display all the row data

To see only 8 rows

------------------------------------------------------------ L 22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Import pandas as pd
---------------------------------------------------- L 22 p 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alvohol consumption project
Barh for horizontal bar
Data should not be string not use semicolon . for data result.