www.ijlra.

com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

DISCLAIMER

No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any form by any

means without prior written permission of Managing Editor of IJLRA. The
views expressed in this publication are purely personal opinions ofthe authors
and do not reflect the views of the Editorial Team of IJLRA.

Though every effort has been made to ensure that the information in Volume II
Issue 7 is accurate and appropriately cited/referenced, neither the Editorial
Board nor IJLRA shall be held liable or responsible in any manner whatsever
for any consequences for any action taken by anyone on the basis of information
in the Journal.

Copyright © International Journal for Legal Research & Analysis

Page | 1
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

EDITORIAL TEAM

EDITORS

Dr. Samrat Datta

Dr. Samrat Datta Seedling School of Law and Governance, Jaipur
National University, Jaipur. Dr. Samrat Datta is currently associated
with Seedling School of Law and Governance, Jaipur National
University, Jaipur. Dr. Datta has completed his graduation i.e.,
B.A.LL.B. from Law College Dehradun, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna
Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand. He is an alumnus of KIIT
University, Bhubaneswar where he pursued his post-graduation
(LL.M.) in Criminal Law and subsequently completed his Ph.D. in
Police Law and Information Technology from the Pacific Academy of
Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur in 2020. His area
of interest and research is Criminal and Police Law. Dr. Datta has a
teaching experience of 7 years in various law schools across North
India and has held administrative positions like Academic Coordinator,
Centre Superintendent for Examinations, Deputy Controller of
Examinations, Member of the Proctorial Board

Dr. Namita Jain

Head & Associate Professor

School of Law, JECRC University, Jaipur Ph.D. (Commercial Law) LL.M.,

UGC -NET Post Graduation Diploma in Taxation law and Practice,
Bachelor of Commerce.

Teaching Experience: 12 years, AWARDS AND RECOGNITION of Dr.

Namita Jain are - ICF Global Excellence Award 2020 in the category of
educationalist by I Can Foundation, India.India Women Empowerment Award
in the category of “Emerging Excellence in Academics by Prime Time &
Utkrisht Bharat Foundation, New Delhi.(2020). Conferred in FL Book of Top
21 Record Holders in the category of education by Fashion Lifestyle
Magazine, New Delhi. (2020).Certificate of Appreciation for organizing and
managing the Professional Development Training Program on IPR in
Collaboration with Trade Innovations Services, Jaipur on March 14th, 2019

Page | 2
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

Mrs.S.Kalpana
Assistant professor of Law

Mrs.S.Kalpana, presently Assistant professor of Law, VelTech Rangarajan Dr.

Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi.Formerly
Assistant professor of Law,Vels University in the year 2019 to 2020, Worked as
Guest Faculty, Chennai Dr.Ambedkar Law College, Pudupakkam. Published
one book. Published 8Articles in various reputed Law Journals. Conducted
1Moot court competition and participated in nearly 80 National and
International seminars and webinars conducted on various subjects of Law. Did
ML in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Administration.10 paper
presentations in various National and International seminars. Attended more
than 10 FDP programs. Ph.D. in Law pursuing.

Avinash Kumar
Avinash Kumar has completed his Ph.D. in International Investment Law
from the Dept. of Law & Governance, Central University of South Bihar. His
research work is on “International Investment Agreement and State's right to
regulate Foreign Investment." He qualified UGC-NET and has been selected
for the prestigious ICSSR Doctoral Fellowship.He is an alumnus of the
Faculty of Law, University of Delhi. Formerly he has been elected as Students
Union President of Law Centre-1, University of Delhi.Moreover, he
completed his LL.M. from the University of Delhi (2014-16), dissertation on
"Cross-border Merger & Acquisition"; LL.B. from the University of Delhi
(2011-14), and B.A. (Hons.) from Maharaja Agrasen College, University of
Delhi. He has also obtained P.G. Diploma in IPR from the Indian Society of
International Law, New Delhi.He has qualified UGC – NET examination and
has been awarded ICSSR – Doctoral Fellowship. He has published six-plus
articles and presented 9 plus papers in national and international
seminars/conferences. He participated in several workshops on research
methodology and teaching and learning.

Page | 3
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

ABOUT US

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH & ANLAYSIS

ISSN
2582-6433 is an Online Journal is Monthly, Peer Review, Academic Journal,
Published online, that seeks to provide an interactive platform for the
publication of Short Articles, Long Articles, Book Review, Case Comments,
Research Papers, Essay in the field of Law & Multidisciplinary issue. Our aim
is to upgrade the level of interaction and discourse about contemporary issues
of law. We are eager to become a highly cited academic publication, through
quality contributions from students, academics, professionals from the
industry, the bar and the bench. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS ISSN 2582-6433 welcomes contributions from
all legal branches, as long as the work is original, unpublished and is in
consonance with the submission guidelines.

Page | 4
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL AID:

TRANSFORMING THE LANDSCAPE OF
LEGAL SERVICES
AUTHORED BY - DR. BHAVANA SHARMA1

Abstract:
AI is the new way of life and keeping this in mind the Researcher in this paper has tried to
explore how the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) can impact legal aid,
highlighting its potential to enhance accessibility, efficiency, and client outcomes in the legal
services landscape. We are well aware that the traditional legal systems often face challenges
in providing equitable access to justice, so in this direction we can hope that AI-powered
tools—such as chatbots, document automation systems, and predictive analytics may offer
innovative solutions to bridge these gaps. In this paper efforts have been made to analyse how
various applications of AI may play effective role in legal aid and how these technologies can
empower underserved populations, streamline legal processes, and improve the overall user
experience. However, we cannot ignore the fact that the adoption of AI in legal aid is not so
smooth as it raises important ethical considerations, including issues of accuracy, data privacy,
and potential biases within AI algorithms. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive
overview of the current state of AI in legal aid, how we can assess its benefits to the maximum
and what challenges it will pose, and propose recommendations for future implementation and
regulation. Ultimately, it advocates for a collaborative approach between legal professionals
and technologists to maximize the potential of AI in creating a more inclusive and effective
legal system.

Introduction:
In all democratic societies, access to justice is the founding principle, yet we as a society fails
to provide legal assistance to millions of individuals worldwide who encounter significant
barriers in one way or another. And in the modern world where AI is playing an important role,
it can emerge as a transformative force, poised to reshape the landscape of legal aid and by

1
Assistant Professor, School of Legal Studies, Himachal Pradesh University Regional Centre, Dharamshala, H.P.

Page | 5
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

harnessing AI properly, legal services can become more efficient, accessible, and tailored to
the needs of diverse clients.

Modern AI technologies and its tools such as Chabot’s, document automation, and predictive
analytics can bring about a revolution in the field of legal assistance and its delivery system.
AI has the potential to democratize legal aid as the AI tools have power to not only streamline
processes but can also empower individuals by providing them with immediate access to legal
information and resources.

However, to make AI as part of legal aid is not so easy and there are many challenges also.
There are genuine concerns about the accuracy of AI-generated advice, data privacy, and
potential biases in algorithmic decision-making necessitate careful consideration. The ethical
implications surrounding the use of technology in providing legal services is another concern
which has to be kept in mind.

Effects of AI in Legal field:

The use of Artificial Intelligence is bringing rapid changes in various fields as well as in fields
like law. The ability to
process large amounts of data using Artificial Intelligence to make predictions and quickly id
entify patterns has revolutionized the legal profession. However, thelegal industry is traditional
ly known for its reliance on complex decision making processes andextensive research and do
cument analysis2. However, the advent of Artificial Intelligence has brought a wave of
transformational change in various areas of the legal industry. Because of emerging
technologies like, natural language processing, machine learning, and predictive analytics,
streamlining legal processes has the potential to increase and redefine the role of legal
professionals. With the
help of AI in law practices, productivity can be significantly increased and costs can be red
uced for organizations. On the other hand, concerns arise regarding the impact of AI on e
mployment within the legal profession, the ethical implications3 of algorithmic decision-
making, and the potential biases embedded in AI systems. Tools like Chat GPT can prove

2
Sterling Miller, Artificial intelligence + generative AI, Legal Thomsonreuters, (Oct. 10, 2023, 9:29
PM),https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/en/insights/articles/ai-and-its-impact-on-legal-technology
3
Aryan K Khanna, Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law- A comprehensive guide!, goglides, (Oct. 10,
2023, 9:29 PM), https://www.goglides.dev/thattechguy/role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-law-a-comprehensive-
guide-4n7

Page | 6
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

helpful in decisions given by judges in court or in contract drafting. This article discusses the
areas in which Artificial Intelligence has made a stronghold in the legal industry4.

Types of Tools:
The types of AI tools which may be helpful in the field of Legal Aid are:
i. Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: These are very helpful in providing instant legal
information and also answer all common legal queries through conversational
interfaces.
ii. Document Automation: These are the Tools which generate legal documents based on
user inputs, ensuring compliance with legal standards.
iii. Legal Research Platforms: This is AI algorithms that sift through vast databases to
find relevant case law, statutes, and legal precedents quickly.
iv. Predictive Analytics: These are the Tools that analyse data to predict legal outcomes,
helping users make informed decisions.
v. Case Management Software: AI-enhanced systems that help law firms and legal aid
organizations manage cases efficiently.

Pivotal role played by AI:

The legal industry is swiftly transitioning from piles of paperwork and manual client
management to leveraging AI and automation. This shift is ushering in an era of unprecedented
efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. As per the Gartner report, 66% of legal leaders have plans
to accelerate their investments in legal technology considering it a cost-effective way to
manage workloads amid rising budgetary limitations. The boom in generative AI is expected
to take the legal tech market to a staggering $50 billion by 2027. These innovative technologies
have the power to streamline operations, reduce costs, build essential cross-team collaboration
and enhance competitiveness. The areas in the field of law where AI and automation can play
an important role are as5:
1. Optimizing routine workflows: AI and automation will definitely help the lawyers in
document creation and correspondence which will free lawyers’ time and they will be
able to focus on more complex issues relating to their field. And it will definitely reduce

4
Dr. Rishu Dev Bansal, Artificial Intelligence in Law: Transforming Legal Practice and Ethics,
https://www.ijlra.com/paper-details.php?isuur=3190
5
Zameer Nathani, Revolutionizing Legal Services: AI and Automation Lead the Charge,
https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/opinions/revolutionizing-legal-services-ai-and-automation-
lead-the-charge/111409762

Page | 7
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

the risk of human error which in result will enhance efficiency, productivity and
accuracy.
2. Augmenting Legal Research and Assessment: We are well aware of that the kind of
Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms, the AI platforms
are capable of providing parse through thousands of cases, laws, regulations, and legal
opinions in a fraction of time which is otherwise time consuming. These platforms not
only save time but can also streamline the legal research process more accurately.
3. Gauging Legal Result Probabilities: Predictive analytics powered by AI can help
lawyers anticipate the outcomes of litigations by analyzing data from similar cases. This
can lead to informed and strategic decision-making, facilitate faster settlement
negotiations, and help lawyers avoid risky cases, ultimately leading to better outcomes
for clients and saving valuable time and resources6.
4. Modernizing Contract Management Approaches: AI can revolutionize contract
lifecycle management by efficiently organizing tracking, and negotiating contracts. By
analyzing contract data and drawing insights, lawyers can improve sales, procurement,
compliance, and financial processes, leading to better business outcomes and enhanced
transparency7.
5. Customized Legal Advice: With the evolution of technology, AI today provides
effective and customized legal advice through advanced pattern recognition and risk
evaluation. By analyzing vast amounts of legal data, AI predicts case outcomes,
identifies potential risks, and offers precise legal research. Automated document review
and AI-driven chatbots streamline client interactions, answering common legal
questions and guiding clients through basic processes. Moreover, predictive analytics
forecast case outcomes, aiding in decision-making, while personalized legal strategies
are developed based on unique case aspects8.

BENEFITS: The use of AI in legal field can benefit in many ways as:
1. Increased Accessibility: It is a well-known fact that AI tools can provide legal
information to individuals who may not have access to traditional legal services,
especially in underserved communities.

6
Supranote 5.
7
Ibid.
8
Id.

Page | 8
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

2. Cost-Effectiveness: No doubt, AI tools can help out in reducing the costs associated
with legal consultations and document preparation, making legal services more
affordable.
3. Efficiency: AI tools can in very effective manner help legal professionals to focus on
more complex aspects of their work while streamlining their routine tasks.
4. Consistency: AI tools are quite helpful in ensuring that users receive consistent legal
information and document generation, reducing the likelihood of errors.
5. Empowerment: AI tools can empower the users while educating them about their legal
rights and options, enabling them to navigate the legal system more effectively.

Comparative Analysis with other countries:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one subject that has been interpreted and used in the field of legal
aid across different countries in different ways and with time several trends and innovations
has emerged. And here's an overview of comparative analysis of use of AI and how it is
transforming legal services in various regions:

United States: When we talk about the implementation, AI tools are being widely and openly
used in legal research, document review, and case prediction. Companies like ROSS
Intelligence and LexisNexis are using AI to streamline legal processes.

United Kingdom: In UK, there is quite a rise in the use of AI technology especially in the
legal field with rise in legal tech startups like Luminance and LawGeex that leverage AI for
contract analysis and compliance.

Canada: Organizations like Pro Bono Ontario utilize AI tools to assist individuals in accessing
legal information and support, particularly in family law.

India: Even in India startups like CaseMine use AI to aid legal research, providing insights
from vast databases of case law.

Ethical Challenges posed by AI:

AI systems in the legal often require access to large amounts of sensitive and confidential data.
Ensuring proper data privacy and security measures is crucial to protect client information and

Page | 9
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

maintain professional confidentiality. AI algorithms are trained on historical data, which

can reflect biases present in the system. It is important to ensure that the technology is
designed and trained to be fair and avoid discrimination. When
the technology introduced in the legal field increases, the risk of displacement will increase, w
hich means some law practitioner jobswill be in danger. Therefore legal professionals need to
enhance their skills related to technology9.

Google`s Project Nightingale Case:

In 2019, in this case, Google had
partnered with Ascension, a large American healthcare system, under “Project Nightingale.”
The Court criticized the partnership for lack of transparency and privacy risks in handling se
nsitive medical reports and also expressed concernabout the potential, misuse of AI algorithms
applied to personal health information in this case10.

Facial Recognition and Clearview AI Case:

In 2020, Clearview AI, a facial recognition technology company removed billions of
photos from social media, without permission, creating a huge database for identification
purposes. This raised significant concerns about the potential use of individuals` sensitive
information. In this case, the court told Clearview Company that there is a need to make strong
rules, to protect the dangers of facial recognition technology and the rights of privacy. These
case studies thus highlight the need for strict legislation and ethical considerations for
artificial intelligence companies to protect the security and privacy of people`s personal infor
mation. Therefore, it is necessary to strike a balance between ethical principles and availing the
benefitsof AI in the legal field11.

Challenges:
The challenges which are posed by AI are as:
1. Accuracy and Reliability: The major challenge is ensuring that AI tools provide
accurate legal information and are regularly updated with current laws and regulations.

9
Supranote 4.
10
Ibid.
11
Supranote 4.

Page | 10
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

2. Ethical Considerations: The major concerns for application of AI are about data
privacy, security, and the ethical implications of relying on AI for legal advice and how
these issues will be addressed are the major challenges.
3. User Trust: The recent trends and challenges posed by AI has created trust issues
among the users especially about their privacy and to build this trust among users who
may be skeptical about relying on AI for legal matters is a major challenge.
4. Limited Scope: No doubt that AI can assist in many areas, but still, it cannot replace
the nuanced understanding and judgment of a human lawyer in complex cases and
recognizing this issue and find the solution is another challenge.

Way Forward: Indian law firms and legal practitioners have recognized the advantages of
integrating AI into their daily operations. AI-driven tools are being used for tasks such as
document review, contract analysis, legal research, and legal prediction. These technologies
streamline routine tasks, reduce errors, and enhance productivity. AI's ability to rapidly review
extensive volumes of documents has expedited due diligence procedures. Contract analysis and
management have also benefited, saving time and reducing the risk of errors, particularly in
India's diverse business landscape with an increasing number of legal transactions12.

The Indian Judicial System has also adopted AI to improve its functioning. The National
Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) is a prime example of technology, including AI, being used to
enhance the legal system's operation in India. AI's potential in legal prediction, analysing past
cases, and automating processes like e-notices and e-summons can alleviate the burden on the
judicial system. AI has also been integral in holding virtual courts through e-courts and video-
conferencing tools, as exemplified by the Live Transcription Project initiated by the Supreme
Court of India13.

The Indian government has shown interest in promoting AI technology and its ethical use,
releasing the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy in 2018. Legal tech start-ups in India are
thriving and actively developing AI solutions for the legal sector. These start-ups create

12
Yeshi Rinchhen And Akash Yadav, Artificial Intelligence and the Law: Navigating the
Legal Landscape in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/artific
ial-intelligence-legal-landscape-zeus-law-data-protection-chat-gpt-249692#:~:text=AI%20in%20the%20Indian
%20Legal,legal%20research%2C%20and%20legal%20prediction.
13
Ibid.

Page | 11
www.ijlra.com
Volume II Issue 7| Oct 2024 ISSN: 2582-6433

platforms that employ machine learning and natural language processing to retrieve and
summarize relevant legal documents, improving the accuracy and efficiency of legal research14.
Artificial Intelligence is proving to be transformative in the legal industry
and is improving legal professionals' work. Artificial Intelligence technology has the potential
to increase efficiency and accuracy but at the same time, it is also creating new challenges and
concerns. The use of AI technology in the legal industry has primarily impacted time-
consuming and repetitive processes such as legal research, document review, and contract
analysis.

Lawyers may be able to make more informed decisions by using AI. Apart from this, Artifici
al Intelligence can prove helpful in identifying patterns, predicting results, and providing insig
ht.This could result in increased productivity, and cost savings for legal firms and legal depar
tments by using AI15. This means that AI is transforming the legal industry in
numerousways. However, along with this, Artificial intelligence is also raising important ethi
cal questions in the legal industry, mainly in cases of bias
and job displacement. As the use of Artificial Intelligence in the legal industry is increasing da
y by day, it has become necessary topay close attention to these issues16. It is important for
Artificial Intelligence to be impartial and accountable in its decision-making process. There is
a need for lawyers and policymakersto pay attention to the ethical and legal associated with the
integration of AI in the legal field. Therefore, striking the right balance
between human judgments and leveraging the benefits of AI is very important for the future
of the legal industry17.

In the case of K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India18 (2017), the Supreme Court of India
has rightly laid down that the ethical use of AI in legal services is very crucial for the protection
of right to privacy. Therefore, Any AI application in law must adhere to privacy standards.

14
Id.
15
Christopher Jan Benitez, AI For Lawyers: How AI Tools Can Enhance Your Law Firm, onthemap, (Oct.
10,2023, 9:29 PM), https://www.onthemap.com/blog/ai-for-lawyers/
16
Legal.thomsonreuters.com, https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/blog/how-ai-is-transforming-the-
legal-profession/, (last visited Oct. 11, 2023).
17
Supranote 4.
18
AIR 2017 SC 4161

Page | 12