Network Architecture:

Network architecture generally refers to the design of a computer network or communications

network. It simply describes the allocation task between all of the computers in the network. It
is simply a way in which all network devices and services are organized and managed to
connect clients like laptops, tablets, servers, etc., and also how tasks are allocated to
computers.
It is defined as the physical and logical design of software, hardware, protocols, and media of
data transmission. In this article, we are going to discuss Network Architecture in detail along
with its type, the skills required to become a network architect, and many more.
What is a Computer Network Architect?
A computer network architect sets up the computer and communication systems for a
company. “Network architecture” means the rules, tools, and software that help people in the
company stay connected without any problems.
Network Architect vs Network Administrator vs Network Engineer
 Network Administrator: They take care of a network that’s already set up. They handle
day-to-day tasks like fixing problems, adding users, and making sure everything runs
smoothly.
 Network Engineer: They’re like the builders and fixers. They create networks based on
designs, make changes when needed, and troubleshoot any issues that pop up.
 Network Architect: They’re the big planners. They design how a network should look and
work. They create the blueprint that the engineers follow to build the network
Types of Network Architecture
Computer networks can be classified based on architecture into two primary types:
 Peer-to-Peer Architecture
 Client/Server Architecture
 Types of
Network Architecture
What is Peer-to-Peer Architecture?
In the P2P (Peer-to-Peer) network, “peers” generally represent computer system. These peers
are connected to each other with help of Internet. Files might be shared directly without
requirement of central server among these systems on the network. It can be said that each of
computers on P2P network usually becomes file server even as client also.
In this architecture, system is generally decomposed into various computational nodes that
contain the same and equivalent capabilities, abilities, and responsibilities. In this network,
tasks are allocated at each and every device available on network. This network is very
essential and important for small environments, usually up to at least 10 computers. There is
also no separate division as clients and servers. Each and every computer in this network are
treated same and equally and might send even receive message directly. This P2P network is
generally useful in various fields such as business, education, military, etc.

Peer-to-Peer Architecture
Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Architecture
 P2P network is less costly and cheaper. It is affordable.
 P2P is very simple and not complex. This is because all computers that are connected
in network communication in an efficient and well-mannered with each other.
 It is very easy and simple to set up and manage as installation and setup is less painless and
computer manages itself. This is because of built-in support in modern operating systems.
 Security is one of major issues in this type of network.
 If computer working with some of resources is down and sharing of resources might become
major problem.
 Performance, security, and access can also become major problem with an increase in
number of computers on this network.
Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Architecture
 It is more difficult to manage security policies consistently.
 Each peer demands individual care and control.
 As the network expands in size, it may become inefficient.
What is Client/Server Architecture?
CSN (Client/Server Network) is type of computer network in which one of centralized and
powerful computers (commonly called as server) is hub to which many of personal computers
that are less powerful or workstations (commonly known as clients) are connected. It is type of
system where clients are connected to server to just share or use resources. These servers are
generally considered as heart of system. This type of network is more stable and scalable as
compared to P2P network. In this architecture, system is generally decomposed into client and
server processor or processes.
 Client/Server Architecture
Advantages of Client/Server Architecture
 A special Network Operating System (NOS) is provided by server to provide resources to
many users that request them.
 It is also very easy and simple to set up and manage data updates. This is because data is
generally stored in centralized manner on server.
 The server usually controls resources and data security.
 This network also boosts speed of sharing resources.
 If anyhow server goes down or crashes, entire will be affected by this.
 It is very expensive as compared to P2P. This is due to need for server with
more memory as well as need for many networking devices such as hubs, routers, switches,
etc.
 Cost of NOS being provided is very high.
Disadvantages of Client/Server Architecture
 If the server fails, clients may lose access to services.
 Setting up servers requires a higher investment in hardware and software.
 Managing servers requires skilled personnel.
What Does a Computer Network Architect Do?
A computer network architect is responsible for designing and building communication
networks for organizations. Their main tasks include:
 Designing, Modeling, Testing, and Troubleshooting Networks: This involves creating
plans for networks, testing them out, and solving any problems that arise.
 Testing and Inspecting Existing Networks: You’ll need to examine current networks to
ensure they’re working correctly and identify any issues that need fixing.
 Upgrading Networks (Hardware and Software): Keeping networks up-to-date by
improving both the physical equipment and the software they run on.
 Analyzing and Fixing Security Weaknesses: Identifying and resolving any vulnerabilities
in networks to keep them safe from cyber threats.
 Developing Technical Documentation: Creating detailed guides and instructions for
building and maintaining networks.
 Installing and Maintaining Hardware Components: Setting up and looking after the
physical parts of networks, like routers, cables, and adapters.
How to Become a Computer Network Architect?
Computer network architects usually have a bachelor’s degree in a computer-related field and
some experience in a related job, like being a network or computer systems administrator.
Education
Computer network architects usually have at least a bachelor’s degree in computer
and information technology, engineering, or a related field. These degree programs provide
hands-on experience in subjects like network security and database design, preparing architects
to work with various network technologies.
However, the specific education needed can vary. Some employers might hire candidates
without a bachelor’s degree, while others have no preference. Some even prefer candidates
with a master’s degree.
Work Experience in a Related Occupation
Network architects usually require several years of experience in working with information
technology (IT) systems. Often, they have worked as network and computer systems
administrators or in similar roles like database administrators or computer systems analysts
What Skills Does a Computer Network Architect Need?
To be successful as a computer network architect, you need a mix of technical and
interpersonal skills. Here’s what you should have:
 Design and Modeling Skills: You’ll be creating and visualizing network systems, so being
adept at designing and modeling is crucial.
 Cybersecurity Knowledge: Ensuring network security is paramount. You must be alert
against threats and know how to support the network against potential attacks.
 Technical Equipment Proficiency: Understanding the hardware components of networks
like servers, routers, and modems is essential for implementing effective designs.
 Soft Skills: In addition to technical prowess, you’ll need soft skills to excel. Problem-
solving skills are vital for troubleshooting issues that arise in complex networks. Effective
communication skills are necessary for collaborating with other IT professionals and
sometimes providing training to users.
Where Do Computer Network Architects Work?
Computer network architects are highly demanded because every business, big or small, relies
on internet access and communication systems. They can work in various industries, including:
 Cloud computing services
 Financial service providers
 Insurance companies
 Corporations
 Telecommunications providers
 Educational institutions
 Healthcare centers
 Government agencies
 Manufacturing industries
Additionally, some network architects work for third-party service providers. These providers
set up and manage networks for other companies, serving as outsourced IT support.
Conclusion
In Conclusion computer networks can be divided into two types based on their
architecture: client-server and peer-to-peer. The Client-Server architecture offers centralised
control, improved security, and making it more suitable for big and complex networks,
however it is more expensive to implement and requires specialised staff. On the other hand,
the Peer-to-Peer model provides decentralisation, cheaper initial costs, and ease of
implementation, making it suitable for smaller networks, but it faces security and scalability
difficulties.