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Assignment On Aten501

Electric Vehicles (EVs) operate on electric energy and are considered environmentally friendly due to zero emissions and lower running costs, but face challenges like high initial costs and limited charging infrastructure. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles rely on fossil fuels, offering longer driving ranges and quick refueling, but contribute to pollution and have higher maintenance costs. Overall, EVs are viewed as the better long-term option for sustainable transportation despite current limitations.

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5 views5 pages

Assignment On Aten501

Electric Vehicles (EVs) operate on electric energy and are considered environmentally friendly due to zero emissions and lower running costs, but face challenges like high initial costs and limited charging infrastructure. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles rely on fossil fuels, offering longer driving ranges and quick refueling, but contribute to pollution and have higher maintenance costs. Overall, EVs are viewed as the better long-term option for sustainable transportation despite current limitations.

Uploaded by

hm9716125
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Vehicles (EVs) vs.

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles

Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Electric vehicles are vehicles that operate purely on electric energy, using power sources like
rechargeable batteries to drive their propulsion system. EVs are considered a clean and renewable
means of transportation as they do not rely on fossil fuels.

Merits of Electric Vehicles

1. Uses Clean, Renewable Energy – EVs rely on electricity, which can be generated from renewable
sources like solar, wind, and hydro power.

2. Zero Emissions – Unlike ICE vehicles, EVs do not produce harmful gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂)
or nitrogen oxides (NOx), reducing air pollution.

3. Lower Running Costs – Charging an EV is often cheaper than refueling an ICE vehicle, saving money in
the long run.

4. Less Maintenance Required – EVs have fewer moving parts (no engine, gearbox, or exhaust system),
meaning lower maintenance costs compared to ICE vehicles.

5. Silent Operation – EVs operate quietly, reducing noise pollution in urban areas.
6. High Energy Efficiency – EVs convert over 80% of the electrical energy from the battery into
movement, whereas ICE vehicles only convert about 25–30% of fuel energy into motion.

7. Government Incentives – Many governments offer tax credits, rebates, and incentives for EV owners
to encourage clean energy adoption.

Demerits of Electric Vehicles

1. High Initial Cost – EVs tend to be more expensive than traditional vehicles due to battery production
costs.

2. Limited Charging Infrastructure – Charging stations are not as widely available as fuel stations, making
long-distance travel challenging in some areas.

3. Long Charging Time – Unlike refueling an ICE vehicle in minutes, charging an EV can take hours,
depending on the charger type.

4. Shorter Driving Range – Most EVs have a lower driving range per charge compared to a full tank of
fuel in an ICE vehicle.
5. Battery Degradation – Over time, EV batteries lose capacity, leading to reduced performance and high
replacement costs.

6. Heavy Weight – EVs are typically heavier due to large battery packs, which may affect handling and
performance.

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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles rely on fuel (such as petrol or diesel) to operate. The fuel
mixes with air and undergoes combustion within the engine, producing energy that powers the vehicle.

Merits of ICE Vehicles

1. Longer Driving Range – ICE vehicles can travel longer distances on a full tank compared to most EVs.

2. Quick Refueling – Refueling takes only a few minutes, unlike EVs that require longer charging times.
3. Widespread Fuel Stations – Fuel stations are available almost everywhere, making ICE vehicles more
convenient for long trips.

4. Lower Initial Cost – ICE vehicles generally have a lower purchase price than EVs.

5. Established Technology – The technology behind ICE vehicles is well understood and has been refined
over decades.

6. Higher Power Output – Many ICE vehicles, especially performance models, provide higher power and
acceleration compared to equivalent EVs.

Demerits of ICE Vehicles

1. Environmental Pollution – ICE vehicles release greenhouse gases (CO₂, NOx, and CO), contributing to
air pollution and climate change.

2. High Maintenance Costs – Engines, exhaust systems, fuel injectors, and transmissions require regular
servicing and repairs.

3. Fuel Dependency – ICE vehicles rely on fossil fuels, which are non-renewable and subject to price
fluctuations.
4. Noise Pollution – ICE engines generate significant noise, which contributes to urban noise pollution.

5. Lower Energy Efficiency – Only about 25–30% of the fuel’s energy is converted into useful motion,
while the rest is lost as heat.

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Which is Better?

Both EVs and ICE vehicles have their strengths and weaknesses. However, considering the need for a
cleaner environment, Electric Vehicles are the better long-term option because they reduce pollution,
offer lower running costs, and promote energy sustainability. Despite challenges like battery costs and
charging infrastructure, technological advancements are making EVs more efficient and accessible.

For regions with limited charging stations or long-distance travel needs, ICE vehicles may still be more
practical in the short term. However, with increasing government support and the expansion of charging
networks, EVs are expected to become the dominant transportation mode in the future.

Would you like any modifications or further explanations?

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