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Answer Sheet 1 To 4

The document discusses the analysis of vertical vibrations of an electric motor on springs and the derivation of the governing differential equation for a mass-spring-damper system. It also covers the impact response of a cantilever beam and the dynamics of a cannon's recoil mechanism. Key calculations include frequencies of oscillation and critical damping coefficients for various mechanical systems.

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10 views16 pages

Answer Sheet 1 To 4

The document discusses the analysis of vertical vibrations of an electric motor on springs and the derivation of the governing differential equation for a mass-spring-damper system. It also covers the impact response of a cantilever beam and the dynamics of a cannon's recoil mechanism. Key calculations include frequencies of oscillation and critical damping coefficients for various mechanical systems.

Uploaded by

hanenahmedd.14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1- An electric motor of mass 110 kg placed symmetrically on four identical

springs compresses them by 16 mm (Figure 1). What is the frequency of free


vertical vibration of the motor? If its radius of gyration is 0.085 m, what is the
frequency of free angular oscillations about the centre of gravity?

0.25 m

Figure 1

y θ
G

K2
K2

2a

(a) For Vertical Vibration

g
n  k  k

m w/ g  st

g 9.81
n  
 st 0.016
Let k2 =stiffness of two springs
Then

k  n2 * m / 2 = (24.76) 2*(110/2)


2
For a deflection , y=a 
Force exerted by the springs = k aθ
2

1
Taking moments about G;

IGθ  2 k 2a θ * a
Or

2k a 2
θ  2 θ0
I
G
Hence, the frequency of free angular oscillations.

2
2k a
'
ωn  2
I
G

2- The block of Figure 2 slides on a frictionless surface. Derive the


differential equation governing the motion of the system using x as the
displacement of the system from its equilibrium position and as the
generalized coordinate.
Solution

Fig. 2 Mass-spring and viscous-damper system sliding on a frictionless


surface with an external force.

The free-body diagram of Fig. 2 shows the forces acting on the block at
an arbitrary instant. The spring force is k x and is drawn away from the
block, indicating the spring is in tension for a positive x. The damping
force is labeled and is drawn opposite the positive direction of motion.

Fig. 2

2
Applying Newton’s law to the free-body diagram in the x direction leads to

Rearranging the equation so that all terms involving the generalized coordinate
are on one side yields

Equation (b) is the governing differential equation. The values of x(0) and must
be specified before solving.

3. A cantilever beam carries a mass M at the free end as shown in Fig. 3. A


mass m falls from a height h onto the mass M and adheres to it without
rebounding. Determine the resulting transverse vibration of the beam

Fig. 3 Response due to impact

3
Fig. 4 Response due to Impact

(The following equation is Eq. (1))

4
With x0 and x 0 given by Eq. (1)

5
k 1.25
1. n  
m 0.074

  c / 2 kM

2. In the system of Fig. 2, x(t) is the input displacement and θ (t) is


the output angular displacement. Assume that the masses involved
are negligibly small and that all motions are restricted to be small;
therefore, the system can be considered linear. The initial conditions
for x and 0 are zeros, or x (0-) == 0 and θ (0-) = 0. Show that this
system is a differentiating element. Then, obtain the response θ (t)
when x(t) is a unit-step input.

No friction

Fig. 2
The equation for the system is

1
Fig 4. Unit-step input and the response of the mechanical

2
system shown in the previous figure

3. The schematic diagram of a large cannon is shown in Fig. 3. When the gun is
fired, highpressure gases accelerate the projectile inside the barrel to a very
high velocity. The reaction force pushes the gun barrel in the direction
opposite that of the projectile. Since it is desirable to bring the gun barrel to
rest in the shortest time without oscillation, it is made to translate backward
against a critically damped spring-damper system called the recoil
mechanism. In a particular case, the gun barrel and the recoil mechanism
have a mass of 500 kg with a recoil spring of stiffness 10,000 N/m. The gun
recoils 0.4 m upon firing. Find the critical damping coefficient of the damper,

Fig. 3

and the critical damping coefficient of the damper is

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