50 mul ple choice ques ons (MCQs) regarding Database and DBMS:

1. What is the primary key in an en ty?

A) A unique iden fier for each record in a table

B) A type of a ribute
C) A composite a ribute
D) A type of rela onship

Answer:

2. Which of the following is a composite iden fier?

A) EmployeeID
B) Pa ent_ID
C) Pa ent_ID and Date_Of_Birth
D) VehicleID

Answer:

3. Which of the following is a mul valued a ribute?

A) StudentName
B) CourseName
C) PhoneNumbers
D) Address

Answer:

4. What does the (1,*) nota on represent in a rela onship?

A) One en ty can have one or more rela onships

B) One en ty must have exactly one rela onship
C) One en ty can have zero or more rela onships
D) One en ty has exactly one rela onship

Answer:
5. What does a (0,1) cardinality indicate?

A) A rela onship that is mandatory and can have one or more instances
B) A rela onship that is op onal and can have one or more instances
C) A rela onship that is op onal and can have zero or one instance
D) A rela onship that is mandatory and can have zero or one instance

Answer:

6. Which of the following is an example of a derived a ribute?

A) Age
B) Date_of_Birth
C) EmployeeName
D) Department

Answer:

7. What does referen al integrity ensure in a database?

A) All tables are connected

B) All rela onships are correctly defined
C) Data is consistent across all tables
D) No foreign key has invalid references

Answer:

8. Which of the following is an example of a foreign key?

A) EmployeeID in a Department table

B) StudentID in a Course table
C) StudentID in an Enrollment table
D) Address in a Customer table

Answer:

9. What is the purpose of views in databases?

A) To modify data in a table
B) To hide sensi ve informa on
C) To provide a virtual representa on of data
D) To perform calcula ons on data

Answer: C

10. Which of the following is NOT a part of Codd’s 12 Rules for rela onal databases?

A) Rule 1: The Informa on Rule

B) Rule 3: The Guaranteed Access Rule
C) Rule 7: The Update Rule
D) Rule 5: The Record Integrity Rule

Answer: D

11. The ER model consists of which of the following?

A) En ty type
B) A ribute type
C) Rela onship type
D) All of the above

Answer: D

12. Which type of a ribute is used to store only atomic values?

A) Simple A ribute
B) Composite A ribute
C) Mul valued A ribute
D) Derived A ribute

Answer: A

13. What is the minimum number of en es involved in a binary rela onship?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Answer:

14. Which rela onship type represents a situa on where an en ty is involved in the
rela onship mul ple mes in different roles?

A) Fan Trap
B) Chasm Trap
C) Recursive Rela onship
D) Binary Rela onship

Answer:

15. Which of the following cardinality constraints indicates that an en ty can have at most
one associated rela onship?

A) (1,1)
B) (0,1)
C) (1,)
D) (0,)

Answer:

16. Which approach in data modeling involves gathering informa on from an organiza on
and grouping it into en es?

A) Top-down Approach
B) Bo om-up Approach
C) Hybrid Approach
D) Composite Approach

Answer:

17. What does the (1,*) cardinality ra o represent in a rela onship?

A) One en ty has one or more rela onships
B) One en ty must have exactly one rela onship
C) One en ty may or may not have a rela onship
D) One en ty must have many rela onships

Answer:

18. What is a fan trap in an ER model?

A) Missing rela onships between en es

B) A misrepresenta on of 1:M rela onships
C) When the same en ty par cipates in mul ple roles
D) Redundant rela onships between two en es

Answer:

19. Which of the following constraints determines whether an en ty must be related to

another en ty in a rela onship?

A) Cardinality Constraints
B) Par cipa on Constraints
C) Structural Constraints
D) Referen al Constraints

Answer:

20. What does the (1,*) nota on represent for an employee and project rela onship?

A) An employee must be assigned to exactly one project

B) A project can be assigned to mul ple employees
C) A project can only have one employee assigned to it
D) An employee may not be assigned to any project

Answer:

21. Which of the following types of rela onships involves many en es on both sides?
A) One-to-One
B) One-to-Many
C) Many-to-Many
D) Many-to-One

Answer:

22. What does a composite key consist of?

A) A single a ribute
B) Mul ple a ributes
C) A foreign key and primary key combina on
D) An iden fier and a derived a ribute

Answer:

23. Which of the following can cause a chasm trap in an ER diagram?

A) Overlapping rela onships

B) A missing rela onship between en es
C) Unnecessary rela onships between en es
D) An incorrect primary key

Answer:

24. Which of the following is an example of a simple a ribute?

A) Address
B) FullName
C) PhoneNumbers
D) Salary

Answer:

25. Which cardinality represents the scenario where a record in en ty A can be associated
with mul ple records in en ty B, but a record in en ty B can only be associated with one
record in en ty A?
A) One-to-One
B) One-to-Many
C) Many-to-Many
D) Many-to-One

Answer:

26. A derived a ribute is calculated using which of the following?

A) A combina on of other a ributes

B) The primary key
C) Foreign keys
D) The rela onship between en es

Answer:

27. Which of the following is NOT a reason for using views in databases?

A) To provide a user-friendly interface

B) To restrict access to sensi ve data
C) To improve performance by crea ng indexes
D) To provide a virtual representa on of data

Answer:

28. Which of the following is NOT true about the ER model?

A) It is used for modeling the conceptual structure of a database

B) It only represents the rela onship between en es
C) It helps in understanding and communica ng data requirements
D) It is independent of development pla orms

Answer:

29. In which type of a ribute does each value consist of several components?

A) Simple A ribute
B) Composite A ribute
C) Mul valued A ribute
D) Derived A ribute

Answer:

30. Which of the following is NOT a valid cardinality for an ER rela onship?

A) One-to-One
B) One-to-Many
C) Many-to-Many
D) Many-to-Few

Answer:

31. Which approach is more likely to lead to a well-organized data model but risks missing
important details?

A) Top-down Approach
B) Bo om-up Approach
C) Hybrid Approach
D) Object-oriented Approach

Answer:

32. Which of the following represents a total par cipa on constraint?

A) (0,1)
B) (1,)
C) (1,1)
D) (0,)

Answer:

33. What is the minimum number of a ributes in a composite key?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Answer:

34. Which of the following is NOT a key concept in the ER model?

A) En ty
B) Rela onship
C) A ribute
D) Index

Answer:

35. A recursive rela onship involves which type of en ty?

A) One en ty type par cipa ng in the rela onship

B) Two different en ty types par cipa ng
C) More than two en es involved
D) An en ty type with no a ributes

Answer:

36. What does en ty integrity refer to in a rela onal database?

A) Ensuring unique values in primary key a ributes

B) Ensuring that data is consistent across the database
C) Ensuring valid foreign key references
D) Ensuring rela onships are correctly defined

Answer:

37. Which of the following is NOT an example of a mul valued a ribute?

A) Phone numbers of a customer

B) Email addresses of a student
C) Address of an employee
D) Previous degrees of a student
Answer:

38. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Bo om-up Approach?

A) It starts with iden fying high-level en es

B) It organizes data model hierarchies
C) It may lead to disorganiza on in the final model
D) It focuses on understanding user requirements

Answer:

39. Which cardinality is represented by (0,1) in an ER diagram?

A) Zero or one rela onship from one en ty to another

B) One-to-many rela onship
C) One-to-one rela onship
D) Many-to-many rela onship

Answer:

40. In an ER model, a ributes are typically represented by which shape?

A) Rectangle
B) Diamond
C) Ellipse
D) Triangle

Answer:

41. Which of the following helps in the op miza on of database performance?

A) Rela onships
B) Views
C) Foreign keys
D) Indexing

Answer:
42. What does the (M:N) cardinality imply in an ER diagram?

A) One en ty can have only one related en ty

B) One en ty can have mul ple rela onships with another
C) Mul ple instances of both en es can relate to each other
D) One en ty must have exactly one related en ty

Answer:

43. Which of the following is true about a primary key?

A) It can be null
B) It uniquely iden fies each row in a table
C) It can be duplicated across rows
D) It can consist of one or more non-unique a ributes

Answer:

44. In an ER diagram, composite a ributes are represented by:

A) A circle
B) A square
C) A dashed line
D) A rectangle

Answer:

45. The Chasm Trap arises when:

A) Mul ple en es are related to a single rela onship

B) There is an incorrect rela onship between en es
C) Rela onships are missing between en es
D) A recursive rela onship is present

Answer:

46. Which of the following is NOT part of the database design process?
A) Data Collec on
B) En ty Recogni on
C) Query Op miza on
D) Rela onship Establishment

Answer:

47. Normaliza on in databases refers to:

A) Removing redundant data

B) Combining tables
C) Enforcing foreign keys
D) Sor ng data

Answer:

**48.

Which of the following best describes referen al integrity?** A) A value in a foreign key must
match a value in the primary key
B) A foreign key must not contain any null values
C) A primary key must be unique for every record
D) All rela onships must be represented in the schema

Answer:

49. Which of the following is a type of primary key?

A) Simple Key
B) Compound Key
C) Composite Key
D) All of the above

Answer:

50. What is a candidate key in a database?

A) A key that is used to iden fy records in a table
B) A set of a ributes that can uniquely iden fy records
C) A key that is a foreign key
D) A key that includes all a ributes

Answer:

These ques ons cover a broad range of topics related to databases and DBMS, including
concepts like en ty-rela onship diagrams, keys, normaliza on, and referen al integrity. Let me
know if you'd like any modifica ons!