Rectangular W.G. TE Mode: Rectangular W.G.

TM Mode:

mπ nπ −jβ z H z=0
H z=C cos( x)cos ( y )e g

a b
mπ nπ −j β z
E z=C sin( x)sin( y)e g

mπ nπ a b
E z=0 , B= , A=¿
a b
− j β g CB mπ nπ − jβ z
jωμCA mπ nπ E x= 2
cos( x )sin ( y )e g

E x= cos ( x)sin( y)e

−j β g z
k c
a b
2
kc a b
− j β g CA mπ nπ −jβ z
− jωμCB mπ nπ −jβ z E y= 2
sin( x)cos ( y )e g

E y= sin( x)cos ( y )e g
k c
a b
2
kc a b

H x=
j β g CB
2
sin (
mπ
a
x )cos(
nπ
b
y)e
−j β gz
H x=
jωϵCA
2
kc
sin
mπ
a
x cos( ) ( )
nπ
b
y e− j β g z

kc
− jωϵCB mπ nπ −jβ z
j β g CA mπ nπ H y= cos ( x) sin( y )e g

H y= cos( x) sin( y)e

−j β g z 2
kc a b
2
kc a b

√( m 2 n
)()
2
1
(√ mπa ) +( nπb ) =ω √ μϵ
2 2 f c= +
k c= c
2 √ μϵ a b

propagationconstant γ =√ jωμ ( σ + jωϵ ) 1 1 1

= 2+ 2

√
2
λ λ g λc
β g = ω2 μϵ− ( ) ( )
mπ 2 nπ 2 2 π
− =

√ ( )
2
a b λg fc
β g =ω √ μϵ 1−
f ❑

Power losses in R.G Power losses in R.G

In dielectric: In guide walls:
ση PL
α g= for TE α=

√ ( ) fc 2
2 P tr

[ ]
2 × 1− 2
f Rs 2bf c
α= 1+

√
bηk af2
1−( ) for TM
2
ση f c
α g=

√ √ ( )
2
2 f ω μm f
R s= ; k = 1− c
2 σm f

Circular W.G. TE Mode: Circular W.G. TM Mode:

E z=0 H z=0
−jβ z −j β z
H z=Hoz J n (k c r )cos( n∅ )e g
E z=Eoz J n (k c r )cos (n ∅ ) e g
 − jωμ 1 ∂ H z − j βg ∂ Ez
Er = 2
Er = 2
kc r ∂ ϕ kc ∂r
jωμ ∂ H z − j βg 1 ∂ Ez
E ϕ= 2 E ϕ= 2
kc ∂ r kc r ∂ ϕ
− jβg ∂Hz jωϵ 1 ∂ E z
Hr= 2 Hr= 2
kc ∂ r kc r ∂ ϕ
− j βg 1 ∂ H z − jωϵ ∂ E z
H ϕ= 2 H ϕ= 2
kc r ∂ϕ kc ∂r
X́ X np
k c = np =ωc √ μϵ k c= =ωc √ μϵ
a a

√
X́ np
( )
2
2 X́ np f c=
β g = ω μϵ− 2 πa √ μϵ
a

ωμ η βg ω C
Z g= = Z g= : vg = =

√ √
ωϵ βg
( )
2
βg fc
( )
2
fc 1−
1− f
f
λ
λ g=

√ ( )
2
fc
1−
f

Rectangular Cavity Resonator:

√( ) ()()
m 2 n 2 p 2
1
f r= + +
2 √ μϵ a b d
Q-factor:

[ ]
3

πη ab ( a + d ) 2 2 2
Q=
Rs ad ( a + d2 ) + 2b ( a3 +d 3 )
2

fc=2.8*106 Ho(oersted) (1amp/m = 4 π /103 oersted)

fm=2.8*106 Ms(gauss) (1weber/m2 = 104 gauss)
Faraday Rotation: B+¿ ( μ−k ) H + ¿ CW
μ ±=( μ ∓ k )=μo 1+
[fm
f c ∓f ] B−¿ ( μ+ k ) H −¿ CCW

β ±=ω √ μ± × ϵ θ=¿ CCW

θ=¿ CW
Two cavity Klystron: Reflex Klystron:

[ )]
P ac 2 x́ J 1 ( x́ )
v ( t 1 )=v o 1+
βi V 1
2V o (
sin ω t o +
θg
2
η= =
P dc 2 πn−π /2
 πV o
∆ L=v o
ω βi V 1 V1 2 x́
=
βiV 1 V o β i ( 2 πn−π /2 )
x= θ
2Vo o Vo e ( 2 πn−π /2 )
2

βo I 2V 2 2
=
( V o +V r ) m 8 ω 2 L2
η=
2 Io V o
2 I o β o J 1 (x) V 1=I 2 R sh ; I 2=2 I o β i J 1 ( x́ )
G m=
V1

GB =
2 (
G0 2
β i −β i cos
θg
2 ( )) θ́ o=ω T́ o ; T́ o =
2 mL v o
e ( V o +V r )

TWT:

( )
1
I 0 Z0 3
C=
4V0

| |
2
V (l)
A p =10 log =−9.54+ 47.3 NC dB
V (0 )

Microstrip:

Z o=
87
ln
5.98 h
√ ε r +1.41 0.8 w+t [ ]