NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory
Expt. No. 2 Date: 04/02/2025
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REAL AND REACTIVE POWER COMPUTATION IN THREE PHASE SYSTEM

Submitted by: Hemann AD - 107122044
PROBLEM:
1. A balanced delta connected load of (8 +j6) per phase is connected to a 3-phase 230
V supply, write a MATLAB-Code for the given circuit to calculate.
V AB = 230√2sin (100𝜋𝑡),

V BC= 230√2sin (100𝜋𝑡 − 120°),

V CA = 230√2sin (100𝜋𝑡 − 240°),

a) Plot the instantaneous power delivered by V AB, V BC and V CA in individual plots.

b) Plot the total instantaneous power delivered by the three-phase source.
c) Compute the Real and Reactive Power delivered by V AB, V BC and V CA .
d) Compute the Total Real and Reactive Power delivered by the three-phase
source.

a) MATLAB Code:
clc;
clear;
close all;
V_rms = 230;
Z_phase = 8 + 1j*6;
w = 100 * pi;
t = linspace(0, 0.05, 1000);
V_AB = V_rms * sqrt(2) * sin(w*t);
V_BC = V_rms * sqrt(2) * sin(w*t - 120*pi/180);
V_CA = V_rms * sqrt(2) * sin(w*t - 240*pi/180);

I_AB = V_AB / Z_phase;

I_BC = V_BC / Z_phase;
I_CA = V_CA / Z_phase;

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 P_AB = real(V_AB .* conj(I_AB));
P_BC = real(V_BC .* conj(I_BC));
P_CA = real(V_CA .* conj(I_CA));

figure;
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t, P_AB, 'r'); grid on;
title('Instantaneous Power delivered by V_{AB}'); xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Power
(W)');

subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t, P_BC, 'g'); grid on;
title('Instantaneous Power delivered by V_{BC}'); xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Power
(W)');

subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t, P_CA, 'b'); grid on;
title('Instantaneous Power delivered by V_{CA}'); xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Power
(W)');

MATLAB OUTPUT:

b) MATLAB Code:
clc;
clear;
close all;
V_rms = 230;
Z_phase = 8 + 1j*6;
w = 100 * pi;
t = linspace(0, 0.05, 1000);
V_AB = V_rms * sqrt(2) * sin(w*t);
V_BC = V_rms * sqrt(2) * sin(w*t - 120*pi/180);
V_CA = V_rms * sqrt(2) * sin(w*t - 240*pi/180);

I_AB = V_AB / Z_phase;

I_BC = V_BC / Z_phase;
I_CA = V_CA / Z_phase;

P_AB = real(V_AB .* conj(I_AB));

P_BC = real(V_BC .* conj(I_BC));
P_CA = real(V_CA .* conj(I_CA));

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P_total = P_AB + P_BC + P_CA;

figure;
plot(t, P_total, 'r'); grid on;
title('Total Instantaneous Power'); xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Power (W)');

MATLAB Output:

c) MATLAB code:
clc;
clear;
close all;
V_ph = 230 * sqrt(2);
Z_ph = 8 + 1j*6;
w = 100 * pi;
t = linspace(1,0.05,1000);
V_AB = V_ph * sin(w*t);
V_BC = V_ph * sin(w*t - 120*pi/180);
V_CA = V_ph * sin(w*t - 240*pi/180);

I_AB = max(V_AB)/Z_ph;
I_BC = max(V_BC)/Z_ph;
I_CA = max(V_CA)/Z_ph;

fprintf("Real power from Vab is %f W \n",V_ph.*abs(I_AB).*cos(angle(Z_ph))/2);

fprintf("Real power from Vbc is %f W \n",V_ph.*abs(I_BC).*cos(angle(Z_ph))/2);
fprintf("Real power from Vca is %f W \n",V_ph.*abs(I_CA).*cos(angle(Z_ph))/2);

fprintf("Reactive power from Vab is %f W \n",V_ph.*abs(I_AB).*sin(angle(Z_ph))/2);

fprintf("Reactive power from Vbc is %f W \n",V_ph.*abs(I_BC).*sin(angle(Z_ph))/2);
fprintf("Reactive power from Vca is %f W \n",V_ph.*abs(I_CA).*sin(angle(Z_ph))/2);

MATLAB Output:

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 Real power from Vab is 4231.994769 W
Real power from Vbc is 4231.994769 W
Real power from Vca is 4231.994769 W
Reactive power from Vab is 3173.996076 W
Reactive power from Vbc is 3173.996076 W
Reactive power from Vca is 3173.996076 W

d) MATLAB Code:

clc;
clear;
close all;
V_ph = 230 * sqrt(2);
Z_ph = 8 + 1j*6;
w = 100 * pi;
t = linspace(1,0.05,1000);
V_AB = V_ph * sin(w*t);
V_BC = V_ph * sin(w*t - 120*pi/180);
V_CA = V_ph * sin(w*t - 240*pi/180);

I_AB = max(V_AB)/Z_ph;
I_BC = max(V_BC)/Z_ph;
I_CA = max(V_CA)/Z_ph;

fprintf("Real power from source is %f W \

n",3.*V_ph.*abs(I_AB).*cos(angle(Z_ph))/2);
fprintf("Reactive power from source is %fW\
n",3.*V_ph.*abs(I_AB).*sin(angle(Z_ph))/2);

MATLAB Output:

Real power from source is 12695.984306 W

Reactive power from source is 9521.988229 W

OBSERVATION:

Instantaneous power in a three-phase system fluctuates over time, with real power
representing the active component and reactive power representing the non-active
component. The total power is the sum of real and reactive power, while phase power is
calculated for each individual phase, showing differences in magnitudes and phases.

INFERENCE:

From the total and phase powers, it is inferred that real power is responsible for
performing useful work, while reactive power affects voltage regulation. The relationship
between instantaneous, real, and reactive power provides insights into the system's
efficiency, power factor, and the need for proper phase balancing in the system.

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2. Replace the existing load of (8 + j6) Ω per phase with a new load of (5 - j4) Ω
per phase for both star (Y) connection and delta (Δ) connection. Develop a MATLAB-
Simulink model to simulate and analyze the system based on the updated load
parameters.
a) Plot the Voltage, Current, Real, and Reactive Power absorbed by Loads.
b) Plot the Voltage, Current, Real, and Reactive Power delivered by the
source.

a)

Load connected in Star connection:

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Load connected in Delta connection:

b)

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Load connected in Star connection:

Load connected in Delta connection

OBSERVATION:
After replacing the original load with the new load of (5 - j4) Ω per phase for both star
and delta connections, the simulation shows variations in voltage, current, real, and
reactive power absorbed by the loads. The phase current and voltage waveforms also
change, indicating a shift in the system's power dynamics.

INFERENCE:
From the simulation, it can be inferred that the new load characteristics (reduced
resistance and inductive reactance) influence both the voltage and current at the load

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and source sides. The change in the load affects the power factor, leading to different
reactive and real power delivered and absorbed.

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