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PF Week 2

This document covers fundamental concepts in C++ programming, including variable declaration, memory allocation, and data types. It explains how to initialize variables, use the 'cin' function for user input, and perform arithmetic operations with examples. Key data types discussed include int, float, double, and char, along with their memory requirements.

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7 views3 pages

PF Week 2

This document covers fundamental concepts in C++ programming, including variable declaration, memory allocation, and data types. It explains how to initialize variables, use the 'cin' function for user input, and perform arithmetic operations with examples. Key data types discussed include int, float, double, and char, along with their memory requirements.

Uploaded by

adnanqaisar46
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 2

1. Variable Declaration and Memory Concepts


 Variables:
o Variables are like containers in which we store data or values.
o In C++, we declare a variable by specifying its type (e.g., int, float) and giving it a
name (e.g., age, price).
 Memory Allocation:
o Each variable occupies space in the computer’s memory.
o The amount of memory a variable takes depends on its type:
 int (integer) usually takes 4 bytes.
 float (floating-point for decimal numbers) takes 4 bytes.
 char (character) usually takes 1 byte.
 Example:
cpp
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int age = 25; // integer variable named age, with a value of 25
float price = 9.99; // floating-point variable named price, with a value of 9.99
2. Data Types
 Basic Data Types:
o int: Used for whole numbers (e.g., 5, -3).
o float: Used for decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14, -0.5).
o double: Similar to float but with more precision (e.g., 3.14159).
o char: Used for single characters (e.g., 'a', 'Z').
 Example:
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int num = 10;
char letter = 'A';
3. Initialization of Variables
 Initialization:
o When you declare a variable, you can also assign it an initial value.
o If you don’t initialize a variable, it may hold a garbage value (random value from
memory).
 Example:
cpp
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int age = 20; // initialized with 20
float temperature = 36.6; // initialized with 36.6
4. Input Using cin
 Using cin:
o cin (character input) allows users to input values during program execution.
o It takes data from the user and stores it in a variable.
 Syntax:
cpp
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int age;
cout << "Enter your age: ";
cin >> age; // stores user input in age variable
 Explanation:
o The >> symbol is the extraction operator, which tells cin where to store the
input value.
5. Arithmetic Operators
 Operators:
o Arithmetic operators perform basic math calculations.
o Operators:
 +: Addition (e.g., a + b).
 -: Subtraction (e.g., a - b).
 *: Multiplication (e.g., a * b).
 /: Division (e.g., a / b).
 %: Modulus (remainder) (e.g., a % b gives the remainder of a divided by
b).
 Example:
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int a = 10, b = 3;
cout << "Sum: " << a + b << endl;
cout << "Difference: " << a - b << endl;
cout << "Product: " << a * b << endl;
cout << "Quotient: " << a / b << endl;
cout << "Remainder: " << a % b << endl;

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