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Architecture Class Notes - (1) - 1

Architecture is defined as the art and science of designing buildings, encompassing key elements such as form, function, structure, space, material, and light. The document outlines various historical periods and styles of architecture, from ancient to contemporary, highlighting their unique characteristics and principles. It also emphasizes the importance of sustainability and the multifaceted role of architects in the design and construction process.

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Marlita Hardiyanti
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11 views4 pages

Architecture Class Notes - (1) - 1

Architecture is defined as the art and science of designing buildings, encompassing key elements such as form, function, structure, space, material, and light. The document outlines various historical periods and styles of architecture, from ancient to contemporary, highlighting their unique characteristics and principles. It also emphasizes the importance of sustainability and the multifaceted role of architects in the design and construction process.

Uploaded by

Marlita Hardiyanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Architecture: The Art and Science of Building

What is Architecture?

● Definition: Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and

other physical structures.

● Key Elements:

○ Form: The shape and visual appearance of a building.

○ Function: The purpose of a building and how it serves its users.

○ Structure: The framework that supports a building.

○ Space: The arrangement of rooms and open areas within a

building.

○ Material: The substances used to construct a building.

○ Light: The illumination of a building, both natural and artificial.

Historical Periods and Styles

● Ancient Architecture:

○ Egyptian: Massive pyramids and temples, characterized by

geometric forms and hieroglyphic decoration.

○ Greek: Emphasis on proportion, symmetry, and order, exemplified

by the Parthenon.

○ Roman: Development of arches, domes, and aqueducts, seen in

the Colosseum and Pantheon.

● Medieval Architecture:

○ Romanesque: Thick walls, rounded arches, and small windows,

as seen in Romanesque churches.

○ Gothic: Soaring heights, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and

stained glass windows, exemplified by Gothic cathedrals.

● Renaissance Architecture:
○ Revival of classical Greek and Roman styles, characterized by

symmetry, balance, and proportion.

● Baroque Architecture:

○ Dramatic and ornate style, with elaborate ornamentation and

theatrical spaces.

● Rococo Architecture:

○ Lighter and more playful style, with delicate curves and pastel

colors.

● Neoclassical Architecture:

○ Revival of classical Greek and Roman styles, emphasizing

simplicity and rationality.

● Modern Architecture:

○ Emphasis on function, simplicity, and industrial materials.

○ Bauhaus: Focus on functional design and clean lines.

○ International Style: Characterized by glass and steel skyscrapers.

● Postmodern Architecture:

○ Reaction against the minimalism of Modernism, incorporating

historical references and playful forms.

● Contemporary Architecture:

○ Diverse range of styles and approaches, often incorporating

sustainable design principles and innovative technologies.

Architectural Principles and Concepts

● Proportion: The relationship between the sizes of different parts of a

building.

● Scale: The size of a building in relation to its surroundings and human

scale.

● Rhythm: The repetition of elements to create a sense of movement and

pattern.
● Balance: The distribution of weight and visual interest within a building.

● Harmony: The pleasing combination of different elements.

● Hierarchy: The arrangement of elements in order of importance.

● Unity: The sense of wholeness and coherence in a building.

● Variety: The use of different elements to create interest and excitement.

Architectural Drawings and Models

● Architectural Drawings:

○ Plans: Top-down views of a building, showing the layout of rooms

and spaces.

○ Elevations: Side views of a building, showing its height and

exterior features.

○ Sections: Vertical slices through a building, showing its internal

structure and materials.

● Architectural Models:

○ Physical representations of a building, used to visualize its form

and space.

Sustainability in Architecture

● Energy Efficiency: Designing buildings to minimize energy

consumption.

● Water Conservation: Implementing water-saving technologies and

practices.

● Material Efficiency: Using sustainable materials and minimizing waste.

● Indoor Environmental Quality: Creating healthy and comfortable indoor

spaces.

● Site Selection and Planning: Choosing appropriate sites and minimizing

environmental impact.

The Role of the Architect


● Design: Creating innovative and functional designs.

● Problem-solving: Addressing challenges and finding creative solutions.

● Collaboration: Working with engineers, contractors, and clients.

● Communication: Effectively conveying ideas and information.

● Project Management: Overseeing the construction process.

Conclusion

Architecture is a complex and multifaceted discipline that combines art,

science, and technology. By understanding the fundamental principles and

historical context of architecture, we can appreciate the beauty and ingenuity

of human-built environments.

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