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C program to implement binary search tree

This C program implements a binary search tree (BST) with functionalities to create nodes, insert, search, delete, and perform various tree traversals (post-order, in-order, pre-order). It includes functions for finding the minimum value in the tree and managing memory allocation for nodes. The main function demonstrates inserting nodes, searching for a specific key, and displaying the tree structure through different traversal methods.

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babinbista1
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3 views

C program to implement binary search tree

This C program implements a binary search tree (BST) with functionalities to create nodes, insert, search, delete, and perform various tree traversals (post-order, in-order, pre-order). It includes functions for finding the minimum value in the tree and managing memory allocation for nodes. The main function demonstrates inserting nodes, searching for a specific key, and displaying the tree structure through different traversal methods.

Uploaded by

babinbista1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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// C program to implement binary search tree

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

// Define a structure for a binary tree node

struct BinaryTreeNode {

int key;

struct BinaryTreeNode *left, *right;

};

// Function to create a new node with a given value

struct BinaryTreeNode* newNodeCreate(int value)

struct BinaryTreeNode* temp

= (struct BinaryTreeNode*)malloc(

sizeof(struct BinaryTreeNode));

temp->key = value;

temp->left = temp->right = NULL;

return temp;

// Function to search for a node with a specific key in the

// tree

struct BinaryTreeNode*

searchNode(struct BinaryTreeNode* root, int target)

if (root == NULL || root->key == target) {

return root;

}
if (root->key < target) {

return searchNode(root->right, target);

return searchNode(root->left, target);

// Function to insert a node with a specific value in the

// tree

struct BinaryTreeNode*

insertNode(struct BinaryTreeNode* node, int value)

if (node == NULL) {

return newNodeCreate(value);

if (value < node->key) {

node->left = insertNode(node->left, value);

else if (value > node->key) {

node->right = insertNode(node->right, value);

return node;

// Function to perform post-order traversal

void postOrder(struct BinaryTreeNode* root)

if (root != NULL) {

postOrder(root->left);

postOrder(root->right);
printf(" %d ", root->key);

// Function to perform in-order traversal

void inOrder(struct BinaryTreeNode* root)

if (root != NULL) {

inOrder(root->left);

printf(" %d ", root->key);

inOrder(root->right);

// Function to perform pre-order traversal

void preOrder(struct BinaryTreeNode* root)

if (root != NULL) {

printf(" %d ", root->key);

preOrder(root->left);

preOrder(root->right);

// Function to find the minimum value

struct BinaryTreeNode* findMin(struct BinaryTreeNode* root)

if (root == NULL) {

return NULL;
}

else if (root->left != NULL) {

return findMin(root->left);

return root;

// Function to delete a node from the tree

struct BinaryTreeNode* delete (struct BinaryTreeNode* root,

int x)

if (root == NULL)

return NULL;

if (x > root->key) {

root->right = delete (root->right, x);

else if (x < root->key) {

root->left = delete (root->left, x);

else {

if (root->left == NULL && root->right == NULL) {

free(root);

return NULL;

else if (root->left == NULL

|| root->right == NULL) {

struct BinaryTreeNode* temp;

if (root->left == NULL) {
temp = root->right;

else {

temp = root->left;

free(root);

return temp;

else {

struct BinaryTreeNode* temp

= findMin(root->right);

root->key = temp->key;

root->right = delete (root->right, temp->key);

return root;

int main()

// Initialize the root node

struct BinaryTreeNode* root = NULL;

// Insert nodes into the binary search tree

root = insertNode(root, 50);

insertNode(root, 30);

insertNode(root, 20);

insertNode(root, 40);

insertNode(root, 70);
insertNode(root, 60);

insertNode(root, 80);

// Search for a node with key 60

if (searchNode(root, 60) != NULL) {

printf("60 found");

else {

printf("60 not found");

printf("\n");

// Perform post-order traversal

postOrder(root);

printf("\n");

// Perform pre-order traversal

preOrder(root);

printf("\n");

// Perform in-order traversal

inOrder(root);

printf("\n");

// Perform delete the node (70)

struct BinaryTreeNode* temp = delete (root, 70);

printf("After Delete: \n");

inOrder(root);
// Free allocated memory (not done in this code, but

// good practice in real applications)

return 0;

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