THE INTERNET, ITS APPLICATIONS AND ITS IMPACTS ON OUR WORLD TODAY

Who discovered internet?

TIM BERNERS-LEE (1955) Creator of the World Wide Web who developed many of the principles we still
use today, such as HTML, HTTP, URLs and web browsers.

What is the full meaning of The internet?

The full form of the internet is an interconnected network. The interconnected network is basically a
combination of various computer nodes along with a mobile, computer, and various servers that are
engaged together to complete a successful data-transmission.

What is the Internet?

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet,
it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much
more.

You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also called going online. When
someone says a computer is online, it's just another way of saying it's connected to the Internet.

The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the
Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of
networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to
global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The
Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the interlinked hypertext
documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file
sharing.

How does the Internet work?

At this point you may be wondering, how does the Internet work? The exact answer is pretty
complicated and would take a while to explain. Instead, let's look at some of the most important things
you should know.

It's important to realize that the Internet is a global network of physical cables, which can include copper
telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables. Even wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely
on these physical cables to access the Internet.

When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to a server. A server is where
websites are stored, and it works a lot like your computer's hard drive. Once the request arrives, the
server retrieves the website and sends the correct data back to your computer. What's amazing is that
this all happens in just a few seconds!

DEFINITION

Internet Protocol Suite (IP)

What is Internet Protocol (IP)?

Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on
the internet. Each computer -- known as a host -- on the internet has at least one IP address that
uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the internet.

IP is the defining set of protocols that enable the modern internet. It was initially defined in May 1974 in
a paper titled, "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication," published by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers and authored by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn.

At the core of what is commonly referred to as IP are additional transport protocols that enable the
actual communication between different hosts. One of the core protocols that runs on top of IP is the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which is often why IP is also referred to as TCP/IP. However, TCP
isn't the only protocol that is part of IP.

How does IP routing work?

When data is received or sent -- such as an email or a webpage -- the message is divided into chunks
called packets. Each packet contains both the sender's internet address and the receiver's address. Any
packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part of the internet. The gateway
computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn
reads the destination address and so forth until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a
computer within its immediate neighborhood -- or domain. That gateway then forwards the packet
directly to the computer whose address is specified.

Because a message is divided into a number of packets, each packet can, if necessary, be sent by a
different route across the internet. Packets can arrive in a different order than the order they were sent.
The Internet Protocol just delivers them. It's up to another protocol -- the Transmission Control Protocol
-- to put them back in the right order.

IP packets

While IP defines the protocol by which data moves around the internet, the unit that does the actual
moving is the IP packet.
An IP packet is like a physical parcel or a letter with an envelope indicating address information and the
data contained within.

An IP packet's envelope is called the header. The packet header provides the information needed to
route the packet to its destination. An IP packet header is up to 24 bytes long and includes the source IP
address, the destination IP address and information about the size of the whole packet.

The other key part of an IP packet is the data component, which can vary in size. Data inside an IP packet
is the content that is being transmitted.

What is an IP address?

IP provides mechanisms that enable different systems to connect to each other to transfer data.
Identifying each machine in an IP network is enabled with an IP address.

Similar to the way a street address identifies the location of a home or business, an IP address provides
an address that identifies a specific system so data can be sent to it or received from it.

An IP address is typically assigned via the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). DHCP can be run
at an internet service provider, which will assign a public IP address to a particular device. A public IP
address is one that is accessible via the public internet.

A local IP address can be generated via DHCP running on a local network router, providing an address
that can only be accessed by users on the same local area network.

The most widely used version of IP for most of the internet's existence has been Internet Protocol
Version 4 (IPv4).

THE APPLICATIONS OF THE INTERNET IN OUR WORLD TODAY

The Internet has revolutionized the way we live our lives, transforming various industries and aspects of
our daily routines. From communication and education to entertainment and shopping, the Internet has
had a profound impact on our world.

1. Communication

Gone are the days of only sending letters, telegrams, and faxes to communicate with people on the
other side of the globe. The Internet has made it possible for us to connect with others instantly and
effortlessly, regardless of location. We can now easily access breaking news as it happens and share our
thoughts and opinions with the world through social media.

2. Education
The Internet has also transformed the educational sector, making it easier for people to access
information and learn new skills. With just a few clicks, we can find a wealth of knowledge on any topic
we’re interested in. Often at no cost! The Internet has also made it possible for people to take
professional online courses and earn certifications from the comfort of their own homes.

3. Employment

The Internet has changed the way we work, with many people now freelancing or working remotely.
The rise of the gig economy has given people greater flexibility and autonomy in their careers, allowing
them to set their schedules and work from anywhere with an Internet connection. And since covid,
many long-standing office jobs are now flexible with work-from-home options.

4. Financial Services

Gone are the days of standing in long lines at the bank to manage our finances. The Internet has enabled
us to easily open accounts, make deposits and withdrawals, and access various banking options, such as
cryptocurrency and e-wallets, through a computer or even a cell phone app.

5. Entertainment

The Internet has also transformed the entertainment industry. We can now access a wide range of
movies, music, and games online and even play online casino games from the comfort of our own
homes. The Internet has also made it possible for people to compete against others from around the
world in online gaming tournaments.

6. Shopping (E Commerce)

Before the Internet, shopping meant physically going to stores and browsing through products in person
or calling a customer service call center using codes from a catalog. The Internet has made it possible for
us to shop from the comfort of our own homes, with a vast array of products and services available at
our fingertips. We can now easily compare prices, read reviews, and purchase online, with many
retailers offering home delivery or pickup options.

There are many other things you can do on the Internet. There are thousands of ways to keep up with
news or shop for anything online. You can pay your bills, manage your bank accounts, meet new people,
watch TV, or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost anything online.

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE INTERNET ON THE WORLD TODAY

The Internet is constantly evolving as a technology that always adds new features to make it easier for
customers to utilize. Since the advent of the internet, people's daily lives have been easier and more
enjoyable.

The Internet benefits many sectors, including banking, healthcare, business, and economics. Nowadays,
it is difficult to find a service that is not accessible over the Internet. Similarly, students regard the
Internet as a tool for learning. Aside from books, it may be the primary source of knowledge related to
student's studies. In reality, the internet influences student's life in various ways, either directly or
indirectly.

However, certain disadvantages of using the internet must be considered. When used poorly, it can
generate a plethora of problems for students. Students will understand how to utilize this tool
effectively if they examine the following considerations.

POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE INTERNET ON THE WORLD TODAY

The major goal is for kids to understand the benefits and drawbacks of the Internet. Since everyone is
aware of the Internet's benefits but is unaware of its drawbacks, in this article, we will discuss its
advantages and disadvantages in a student's everyday life.

1. Communication

Students from all nations, ethnicities, faiths, and cultures can speak and share their thoughts with their
peers. This kind of communication is more convenient than traditional phone calls and letters. Students
can pick from various contact methods, including email, messaging services, chatrooms, and
videoconferencing.

Students can also utilize forums to debate their subject matter with professors and students worldwide.
Students afraid to share their doubts might utilize forums to remain anonymous.

2. Easy Research

Individuals may carry out Research using the Internet. There are several research papers available on
the Internet that might assist students with their studies. Google, Bing, Yahoo, and other search engines
are used on the internet, and students may readily get the information they need in seconds. Online
websites and blogs on the Internet may benefit students' education.

The Internet improves the efficiency and convenience of research. Students can use many online case
studies to aid in their internet research. For pupils, manual Research is quite challenging. Internet
research has taken the role of manual Research.
3. Money-making Machine

Individuals may be curious about obtaining information from the Internet. One of the most significant
benefits of the Internet is the ability for Individuals to make money by blogging on it. It is a terrific
source of income for them and gives them a one-of-a-kind writing experience.

4. Online Education

Students who have access to the internet can also take advantage of online education. Certain colleges
provide virtual courses to students worldwide. This is especially handy for students who live in another
country yet wish to enroll in the course. Working students will find this even handier because they can
complete the course without disrupting their regular lifestyle.

5. Job Opportunities

People began looking for employment possibilities on the Internet throughout the digital era. People no
longer prefer to apply for employment through the mail. Students in most parts of the world can access
job opportunities via the internet.

Students may be able to find alternative professional options due to this. Additionally, students will be
able to remain up to speed on the job market based on their subject of study while studying.

6. Entertainment

Another important reason why many people like to surf the internet is for pleasure. The internet has
been extraordinarily effective in enslaving the diversified entertainment industry. Some applications that
individuals discover include downloading games and viewing celebrity websites. Celebrities are also
efficiently using the Internet for commercial initiatives. The internet gaming business has experienced a
significant and unparalleled presence of gamers. The Internet has also transformed the entertainment
sector. A large number of games are also accessible for free download.

Most shareware programs allow you to share and download your favorite music and movies. People no
longer need to visit a movie theatre to view their favorite film. In addition, you may download additional
necessary applications or your favorite songs in a matter of minutes. People from many cultures and
backgrounds may connect thanks to the Internet. Internet gaming is a significant industry that allows
competitive players to play games against each other from a distance. Dating has also enabled people to
locate prospective soul mates.
7. Counseling and Education Assessment

Students must make job decisions at some point in their lives, and we all know how difficult it can be to
find a suitable career advisor. Not to mention the time and effort expended in ignoring such a person.
Once again, the Internet provides this service.

A report examined how the Internet may assist counselors and clients in making the process more
efficient. For example, it demonstrates that using a career counseling website is just 10% helpful in
career advising and job hunting. Go to the internet.

8. Accessibility

The internet is accessible twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Thus it never closes. Students can
access the internet through any method if they have a computer and an internet connection.

The internet's accessibility has made it easier for pupils to comprehend their topic better. As a result,
unlike at a library, pupils do not have to wait for an opening and closing time. They can get the
knowledge whenever they need it.

9. Make Life Easy

The internet has greatly facilitated living. You may now do all of your transactions online with several
internet businesses. You may use your computer to book movie tickets, transfer cash, pay utility bills,
and file taxes. Some travel websites customize trip itineraries based on your tastes and handle online
tickets, hotel bookings, and so on, allowing clients to compare product costs before making a purchase
choice.

Recognizing the good influence of the Internet on students, he stated that it assists students in providing
helpful information and resources for their study. Students now rely heavily on the internet for
assistance.

10. Distance-Based Learning

Students study and learn at a distance over the internet. Nowadays, internet education may effortlessly
assist students from all over the world in studying and learning. Students do not need to go to
educational establishments since they can study and learn online using the internet.

Many colleges, schools, universities, and educational organizations provide online study and learning
opportunities for students who cannot travel. Many online learning platform websites, such as Digital
Skill, Udemy, and YouTube, provide online courses for students to study and learn. Students may
conveniently study and learn using these platforms at any time and location. Students may readily
obtain the most recent and relevant information using internet search engines.
11. Remote work

Remote work is facilitated by tools such as groupware, virtual private networks, conference calling,
video telephony, and VoIP so that work may be performed from any location, most conveniently the
worker's home. It can be efficient and useful for companies as it allows workers to communicate over
long distances, saving significant amounts of travel time and cost. More workers have adequate
bandwidth at home to use these tools to link their home to their corporate intranet and internal
communication networks.

12. Social Media Networking

It is a must-do for individuals interested in media and prospective authors. It will increase their
professional abilities, leading to a bright future. Individuals can also utilize the Internet for social
networking, as many social media platforms do. Facebook, Twitter, Website, and other popular social
networking sites are available platforms for networking. Students can contact overseas students and
discuss various problems to improve their abilities and knowledge. By using the Internet wisely, students
may discover whatever information they need to better their experience.

13. Electronic business

Electronic business (e-business) encompasses business processes spanning the entire value chain:
purchasing, supply chain management, marketing, sales, customer service, and business relationship. E-
commerce seeks to add revenue streams using the Internet to build and enhance relationships with
clients and partners. According to International Data Corporation, the size of worldwide e-commerce,
when global business-to-business and -consumer transactions are combined, equate to $16 trillion for
2013. A report by Oxford Economics added those two together to estimate the total size of the digital
economy at $20.4 trillion, equivalent to roughly 13.8% of global sales.

14. Social impact

The Internet has enabled new forms of social interaction, activities, and social associations. This
phenomenon has given rise to the scholarly study of the sociology of the Internet.

The early Internet left an impact on some writers who used symbolism to write about it, such as
describing the Internet as a "means to connect individuals in a vast invisible net over all the earth."

15. Collaborative publishing

Wikis have also been used in the academic community for sharing and dissemination of information
across institutional and international boundaries. In those settings, they have been found useful for
collaboration on grant writing, strategic planning, departmental documentation, and committee work.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE INTERNET ON THE WORLD TODAY

Aside from the advantages and benefits of the internet for students, there are many disadvantages of
the internet for students. As a student, there are various disadvantages to accessing the internet. More
than likely, the internet diverts students' attention away from their studies and into other types of
activity.

1. Causes Distraction

Internet addiction is an extreme concentration and desire to use the Internet that causes distress and
renders a person unable to accomplish regular everyday tasks. This is not simply a phrase but a
psychological condition common among persons in their late twenties to thirties.

When a student uses the Internet excessively, they not only become addicted, but they also waste vital
time. According to research, students are the most susceptible population, with difficulties such as
substance abuse, impulsive control, anxiety, and mood disorders. All of this merely exasperates the
issue. Although it is used for pleasure or communication, the research shows that it significantly impacts
students' attention and academic achievement.

2. Kids Avoiding Outdoor Activities

Lack of physical exercise makes children more vulnerable to several lifestyle disorders, such as ERS
insufficiency and failure to acquire interpersonal skills. In addition to these issues, sitting in front of a
computer screen all day can hurt our eyes and strain our necks and shoulders. There are several games
accessible on the Internet that have driven many youngsters to eschew all outside activities.

Children are in their formative years, and these things might have long-term consequences. Internet
gaming makes children more hostile. Many internet games include violent content, which might have a
harmful influence on children.

3. Losing the Ability to Communicate / Lack of socialization

The internet has made people's lives simpler in many ways, but it also represents a strange aspect of its
existence through the numerous issues it throws at its users. You watch people's lives using someone
else's data and study, then turn it off. There is a variety of free information accessible regarding internet
piracy and the possible misuse of this information. While the internet is helping in building communities
through social networking sites, it limits real-life socialization. Due to this, people are unable to forge
human bonds as strongly as decades before.
4. Depression, loneliness, and social isolation

The Internet also becomes a reason lead to depression as many people tend to compare their lives with
others on social networking sites. Social networking sites provide users the option to make thousands of
friends and communicate with each other. There are also available online games that allow players to
communicate with others. Although social networking sites can give you benefits to find new
connections all over the world, you may find yourself disconnected from your real-life friends.

The capacity to communicate with people is something that children nowadays do lose. They are
accustomed to talking with people over the Internet, yet they cannot deal with others. It's an odd sight
to see the Internet lose its ability to speak with people. It is because people are becoming more reliant
on the Internet.

5. Spending More Time Online

Some students also spend more time online. Students are more prone to ignoring their academics. If the
pull of the movie is so strong, even the elderly may neglect part of their duties. Students who spend too
much time on the internet may become distracted. Many students cannot devote themselves to
studying and instead waste their time watching movies or talking with pals over the Internet.

6. Health Concerns

Students must use a computer or a smartphone to connect to the internet. Using smart gadgets for an
extended time may contribute to various health issues, such as neck discomfort, back pain, eye pain and
obesity.

In particular, the light emitted by smart gadgets is known to cause various eye disorders. Students who
use smart gadgets for an extended time report eye health difficulties such as impaired vision and
difficulty focusing.

7. Privacy Issues

The internet threatens students' privacy. Everyone has access to the internet, and everyone is free to
use it. Most of the time, student data and privacy are threatened.

Hackers use the internet to break into students' computers and mobile phones, steal their personal
information, and blackmail them. Many of the images and videos taken by students have become
popular on social media and the internet. As a result of the internet, many students commit suicide.
8. Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is one of the most common negative consequences of the internet. Because of the
increased internet use, Cyberbullying and cybercrime are also rising.

Online fraud, cheating, and cyberbullying harm students' lives. Most individuals experience
cyberbullying as a result of internet misuse. Some Individuals commit suicide as a result of cyberbullying
on the internet.

9. Causing anonymity and love/dating scam

Another disadvantage of the Internet is that it enables many people with access to various websites,
forums, and chat rooms to remain anonymous. It has given rebellious people several opportunities to
take advantage of innocent people and abuse their confidence. We frequently hear that frauds utilize
the internet to break laws.

Single men meet ladies and deceive them with flattering language. Lonely ladies appear to be easy
target. These women are generally cheated for money at the bank by these cheaters. Some individuals
attempt to make a profit from these women.

10. Vulgarity

Individuals may be exposed to numerous sorts of vulgarity when using the internet, such as violence and
pornography. While pornographic websites aim to limit access to their material to 18+ audiences, there
are no reliable means to validate the user's age. Underage youngsters can readily obtain adult content.

Additionally, some internet games feature excessive violence that might upset young players. As a
result, pupils, particularly teens, may be exposed to such materials, negatively impacting their mental
health.

11. Buying things that you don't need (Impulse Buying)

The Internet provides advantages for consumers to make purchasing, so users can purchase products
frequently without putting much thought into whether they should. Also, some people can be addicted
to buying items on the Internet that can cause serious debt.

11. Cyber breach: One of the biggest disadvantages of the internet is the risk of cyber breaches.
Websites, applications, emails and software, everything on the internet is prone to breaches. Cyber
attackers can find a loophole in the system and breach it to extract the information. Due to this reason,
information over the internet is vulnerable to theft.

12. Identity theft: Cyber criminals steal personal information and credentials to commit fraud. For
identity theft, criminals access your information in an unauthorized and illegal manner. Once they steal
your PII, they misuse it to commit crimes to obtain goods and services. In the worst-case scenario, they
may even try to ruin your reputation. Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating

There are various malicious users and computer hackers that can steal your personal information and
hack accounts, which can be used for identity theft and can be harmful to you personally. As the
Internet connects all computers to each other, so hackers can quickly identify what computers are
vulnerable to attack by scanning millions of computers. Additionally, the Internet also enables students
to find others to do their homework and offers ways to cheat on their studies

13. Addiction: This is one of the biggest disadvantages of the internet. Over the course of time, people
have become addicted to using the internet. This is evident in teenagers who spend more time playing
games or using social media on the internet. They value online lives more than the real life. This makes
virtual reality more addictive. Due to this, many become aggressive or even clinically depressed when
they do not have internet availability.

14. Shortened attention span: Due to the availability of excessive means of entertainment over the
internet, the attention span of the average human brain has become less. People nowadays have an
attention span of less than a minute, requiring changes within minutes.

Here is a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet:

Advantages of Internet Disadvantages of Internet

1. Accessibility to information. Gives Complexity and False Information.
2. Easy and faster communication. Unavailability due to difficult weather.
3. Provides knowledge and surplus Leads to the insecurity of information and data
information about services. loss.
4. Allows online payments and digital Bigger Workload and Complex Designing.
marketing.
5. Efficient for business & organizational Expensive when done at the organizational level.
growth.
6. Leads to mass communication among Prone to cyber threats, cyber-attacks, and
people. violations.

7. Facilitates social networks to increase This may lead to hate and fake information,
development and collaboration. which may cause reputational harm.

8. Enhances security in banking sector and Reliability and security exist, but the internet is
feasible solutions to issues. more prone to cyber threats.

Conclusion

The Internet is the most unlimited source of information for everyone who can access it. Be it
communicating with people sitting at another corner of the world or addressing thousands of people
together, the internet has made it possible for all of us within seconds. However, many entities have ill
intentions, due to which the misuse of the internet is as prevalent as its advantages.