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1by20ai020 Assignment

The document outlines an assignment on frequency modulation (FM) of single-tone and multi-tone signals, detailing the theory and implementation using MATLAB. It explains the key concepts of FM, including carrier signals, input signals, frequency deviation, and modulation index, along with code examples for simulating both types of signals. The results demonstrate the frequency modulation process through visual plots of the modulating and frequency-modulated signals.

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shravya
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3 views7 pages

1by20ai020 Assignment

The document outlines an assignment on frequency modulation (FM) of single-tone and multi-tone signals, detailing the theory and implementation using MATLAB. It explains the key concepts of FM, including carrier signals, input signals, frequency deviation, and modulation index, along with code examples for simulating both types of signals. The results demonstrate the frequency modulation process through visual plots of the modulating and frequency-modulated signals.

Uploaded by

shravya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

YELAHANKA, BENGALURU - 560064

COMMUNICATION THEORY ASSIGNMENT18EC751

“FREQUENCY MODULATION OF A SINGLE-TONE


AND MULTI-TONE SIGNALS”

Submitted By

JEEVANA SHRAVYA M USN: 1BY20AI020

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Sowmyashree M.S


Assistant Professor

2023-2024
FREQUENCY MODULATION

AIM:
To verify the matlab implementation of frequency modulation of a given single-
tone signal

THEORY:

Frequency modulation (FM) is a method used to encode information in a carrier


wave by varying its frequency. When applying frequency modulation to a single-
tone signal, the carrier frequency is modulated based on the variations in the
amplitude of the input signal. Let’s break down the process:
1.Carrier Signal (fc): This is a high-frequency signal that will be modulated by
the input signal.
2.Input Signal (fm): This is the signal you want to transmit or modulate onto the
carrier signal. In the case of a single-tone signal, it typically represents a sine
wave.
3.Frequency Deviation (Δf): This is a key parameter in FM. It represents the
maximum extent to which the carrier frequency will vary above and below its
resting frequency. The frequency deviation is directly proportional to the
amplitude of the input signal.
Instantaneous Frequency (fi)=fc+Δf⋅m(t)
1.where:
•fc is the carrier frequency.
•Δf is the frequency deviation.
•m(t) is the amplitude of the input signal as a function of time.
2.Modulation Index (β): This is the ratio of the peak frequency deviation (Δf) to
the frequency of the modulating signal (fm).
β=Δf/fm

The modulation index gives an indication of how much the frequency of the
carrier signal is changing relative to the frequency of the input signal. In
summary, frequency modulation of a single-tone signal involves varying the
frequency of a carrier signal in proportion to the amplitude of the input signal.
The amount of frequency deviation and the modulation index determine the
extent of this frequency variation. FM is widely used in communication systems,
especially in applications like FM radio broadcasting.
IMPLEMENTATION:
Code:

%frequency modulation of a single tone signal


%frequency deviation = 5*fm
%lower carrier frequency

fc=1000; %carrier frequency


fs=10000; %sampling frequency (fs >2* (fc + BW))

fm=100; %modulating signal frequency


A=1; %amplitude of modulating signal
dev=5*fm; %frequency deviation

t=0:1/fs: (2/fm) - (1/fs); %time


w=2*pi*fm*t; %angular frequency
v=A*sin(w); %modulating signal

y=fmmod (v, fc, fs, dev);

subplot (2,1,1);
plot (v) ;
title('Modulating signal');

subplot (2,1,2);
plot (y);
title('Frequency Modulated Signal');
Output:

RESULT:
The matlab simulation with respect to frequency modulation of a single-tone
signal.
FREQUENCY MODULATION

AIM:
To verify the matlab implementation of frequency modulation of a given multi-
tone signal.

THEORY:

Frequency modulation (FM) of a multi-tone signal involves modulating a carrier


signal with a composite signal that contains multiple tones or frequencies. Each
component of the multi-tone signal contributes to the modulation of the carrier,
resulting in a more complex frequency-modulated waveform. The general concept
is like that of single-tone FM, but the input signal now consists of multiple
frequencies. Here are the key points when considering frequency modulation of a
multi-tone signal:
1.Composite Input Signal: Instead of a single-tone input signal, you have a signal
composed of multiple tones. Mathematically, this can be represented as:
m(t)=∑n=1NAncos(2πfnt+ϕn)
where:
•N is the number of tones.
•An is the amplitude of the n-th tone.
•fn is the frequency of the n-th tone.
•ϕn is the phase of the n-th tone.
2.Frequency Modulation Equation: The carrier frequency (fc) is modulated based
on the instantaneous value of the composite signal:
Instantaneous Frequency (fi)=fc+Δf⋅m(t)
Here, Δf is the frequency deviation, and m(t) is the composite input signal.
3. Modulation Index (β): The modulation index is still a relevant parameter in
multi-tone FM. It is the ratio of the peak frequency deviation (Δf) to the
maximum frequency of the composite signal (fmax):
β=Δf/fmax
Here, fmax is the maximum frequency component in the composite signal.
In practice, when dealing with a multi-tone signal, the frequency modulation will
cause each component frequency to shift around the carrier frequency according
to its amplitude and frequency. The resulting modulated signal will be a more
complex waveform, and demodulating it accurately requires techniques that can
handle the multi-frequency content. This complexity is a key consideration in
designing and analyzing frequency-modulated signals with multiple tones.
IMPLEMENTATION:
Code:

%frequency modulation of a multi tone signal


%frequency deviation = 10*fm

fc=1000; %carrier frequency


fs=10000; %sampling frequency (fs >2* (fc + BW))

fm1=200; %modulating signal 1 frequency


fm2=500; %modulating signal 2 frequency
A=1; %amplitude of modulating signal
dev=10*fm1; %frequency deviation
t=0:1/fs: (2/fm1)-(1/fs); %time axis

v1=A*sin(2*pi*fm1*t); %modulating signal 1


v2=A*sin(2*pi*fm2*t); %modulating signal 1

v=v1+v2; %multi tone modulating signal


y=fmmod (v, fc, fs, dev);

subplot (2,1,1);
plot (v) ;
title('Multi Tone Modulating signal');

subplot (2,1,2);
plot (y);
title('Frequency Modulated Signal');
Output:

RESULT:

The matlab simulation with respect to frequency modulation of a multi-tone


signal.

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