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CVE 204 Lecture Notes

The document provides an overview of beams as structural members that transmit loads through shear force and bending moment. It classifies beams based on support systems, types of supports, and various load types, including static and dynamic loads. Key support types include fixed, pin, and roller bearing supports, each providing different reactive forces to maintain equilibrium.

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Oyinkansola Ashimolowo
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17 views55 pages

CVE 204 Lecture Notes

The document provides an overview of beams as structural members that transmit loads through shear force and bending moment. It classifies beams based on support systems, types of supports, and various load types, including static and dynamic loads. Key support types include fixed, pin, and roller bearing supports, each providing different reactive forces to maintain equilibrium.

Uploaded by

Oyinkansola Ashimolowo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Think about equilibrium first ----------- Balance first

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Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram of Beams

1.0 General Background

1.1 Beam – structural member loaded perpendicular to its longitudinal axis

P (Kn)

Figure 1

Beams transmit loads by the development of BM and SF at different sections. Beams can be classified in many ways

i. Classification based on Support system


o Simply supported

o Cantilever

o Simply supported with overhangs

o Propped cantilever

o Continuous

o Fixed ends

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1.2 Types of Support in Beams Structure

The supports in beams (framed structure) supply the necessary reactive forces to maintain the structure in equilibrium as a
result of applied load. There are many types of supports from which a system of supports can result. Some of these
supports are:

a) Fixed End /Bulk-In/EnCastre

Figure 1.2.1: Fixed Support

Three supports are capable of supplying three reactive forces: horizontal, vertical, and a

fixing moment. This type of support is fixed so that it cannot move or rotate under the

action of superimposes load.

b) Pin Support

Figure 1.2.2: Pinned Support

This is assumed to be free to rotate under the applied load, but cannot move either vertically or horizontally. This type
of support can produce two support reactions. These are: horizontal and vertical forces.

c) The Roller Bearing


This can only supply one reaction. This is the case when a beam simply rests on a support. The bean

can rotate. It can move horizontally. But it is restrained in the vertical direction only. When we sit

down on a chair, this is the type of support that develop

1.2.3: Roller Bearing Support

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1.3 Types of Loads on Beams Structure
Many forms of loads are dealt with in structural analysis. They include:
1. Static Load
i) Point Static. Also known as concentrated load

P1 (Kn) P1 (Kn) P2 (Kn) Pn (Kn)

One (1) Point Load Many Point Loads

ii) Distributed Load (udl)


This is when a load is applied in such a way that it spread over the entire or part of the length.
a. When the loading rate is uniform, it is called uniformly distributed load.
Kn/m or Kn/m2
Kn/m or Kn/m2

Uniformly distributed load (constant rate of loading)

b. Triangular Load (varying rate of loading). For example, soil pressure on wall, etc.

Kn/m or Kn/m2

c. Trapezoidal loaded (Varying rate of loading). For example, soil pressure + permanent load

Kn/m or Kn/m2

d. Irregularly loaded

2. Dynamic Loads
These are moving loads. It usually occurs in highway/bridge analysis and design.

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