Cambridge 9 - Test 3 - Reading

Passage 1 - Attitudes to language

Key Table

Câu hỏi Bài đọc Meaning Example

Small Minor Nhỏ She bought a small gift for her friend’s

birthday.

Assessment Judge Sự đánh giá The teacher gave an assessment of the

students’ progress at the end of the term.

The way he or Linguistic factors Cách … sử dụng ngôn The way she uses language in her writing

she uses ngữ is poetic and deeply impactful.

language

Be afftected by Influence Bị ảnh hưởng bởi Her mood is often affected by the weather.

Still exists today Be still with us Vẫn tồn tại tới ngày This ancient tradition still exists today in

nay some rural areas.

Stop Halt Dừng lại He had to stop the car at the red light.
Impossible Pointless Không thể It’s impossible to finish the project by

tomorrow without help.

Mispresented Painting unreal Bị trình bày, xuyên tạc The facts of the case were misrepresented

pictures of the in the media.

other

1. Adherent (n) = supporter, believed, follower

• Vietnamese meaning: Người ủng hộ, người trung thành với một hệ tư tưởng, niềm

tin.π˙

• English meaning: A person who supports a particular idea, belief, or organization.

• Example: “He is a strong adherent of environmental conservation efforts.”

2. Aptitude (n) = ability, skill, capacity

• Vietnamese meaning: Khả năng tự nhiên, năng khiếu.

• English meaning: A natural ability to do something or to learn.

 • Example: “Her aptitude for mathematics was evident from a young age.”

3. Conservatism (n)

• Vietnamese meaning: Chủ nghĩa bảo thủ.

• English meaning: The political philosophy of promoting traditional institutions and

practices.

• Example: “Conservatism often emphasizes the importance of maintaining established

institutions.”

4. Descriptivist (n)

• Vietnamese meaning: Người mô tả, người theo thuyết mô tả (trong ngôn ngữ học).

• English meaning: A person who believes that language should be described as it is

used, rather than being regulated by strict rules.

• Example: “Descriptivists argue that language evolves naturally and should reflect how

people actually speak.”

 5. Deviation from (n)

• Vietnamese meaning: Sự lệch lạc khỏi (một tiêu chuẩn, quy tắc).

• English meaning: A departure from an accepted standard or norm.

• Example: “Any deviation from the safety guidelines could lead to serious

consequences.”

6. Elitist (adj)

• Vietnamese meaning: Theo chủ nghĩa tinh hoa.

• English meaning: Believing that society or systems should be led by an elite group.

• Example: “The university was criticized for its elitist admissions policies.”

7. Exempt (adj)

• Vietnamese meaning: Miễn, không bị ảnh hưởng bởi.

• English meaning: Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.

• Example: “Students with high grades were exempt from taking the final exam.”

8. Extreme (adj) = severe, intense, acute

• Vietnamese meaning: Cực đoan, quá mức.

• English meaning: Reaching the highest degree; very severe or radical.

• Example: “The politician’s views are considered too extreme for the mainstream.”

9. Halt (v) = prevent, stop, discontinue

• Vietnamese meaning: Dừng lại, ngừng.

• English meaning: To stop something or bring it to a standstill.

• Example: “The construction was halted due to environmental concerns.”

10. Inherently (adv) = naturally, essentially, innately # superficially

• Vietnamese meaning: Vốn dĩ, tự bản chất.

• English meaning: In a way that is a permanent part of something’s nature.

 • Example: “Some risks are inherently associated with space exploration.”

11. Invective (n)

• Vietnamese meaning: Lời lăng mạ, lời chỉ trích gay gắt.

• English meaning: Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.

• Example: “The article was full of invective against the political leader.”

12. Liberalism (n)

• Vietnamese meaning: Chủ nghĩa tự do.

• English meaning: A political ideology advocating for individual freedoms, democracy,

and equality.

• Example: “Liberalism promotes the protection of civil liberties and individual rights.”

13. Legislation (n) = law, rule, statue

• Vietnamese meaning: Luật pháp, pháp luật.

• English meaning: Laws, considered collectively.

• Example: “New legislation was introduced to combat cybercrime.”

14. Minor (adj) = small, insignificant, minimal, unimportant # major

• Vietnamese meaning: Nhỏ, không quan trọng.

• English meaning: Lesser in importance, seriousness, or significance.

• Example: “There was only a minor delay in the project due to weather conditions.”

15. Polemic (n)

• Vietnamese meaning: Cuộc tranh luận gay gắt, bài viết tranh luận.

• English meaning: A strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.

• Example: “His latest book is a polemic against the education system.”

16. Prescribe (v) = recommend, propose, advocate

 • Vietnamese meaning: Đưa ra chỉ dẫn, kê đơn (thuốc).

• English meaning: To recommend a course of action or treatment.

• Example: “The doctor prescribed medication to treat the infection.”

17. Prescriptively (adv)

• Vietnamese meaning: Theo cách đề ra quy tắc, luật lệ.

• English meaning: In a way that lays down rules or directions, especially in language

or conduct.

• Example: “Some grammarians view language prescriptively, imposing strict rules on

usage.”

18. Prescriptivist (n)

• Vietnamese meaning: Người theo thuyết quy phạm (trong ngôn ngữ học).

• English meaning: A person who believes in imposing strict rules on how language

should be used.
• Example: “A prescriptivist might insist on avoiding slang in formal writing.”

19. Proscribe (v) = prohibit, ban, forbird, disallow

• Vietnamese meaning: Cấm, bài trừ.

• English meaning: To forbid, especially by law.

• Example: “Certain types of speech are proscribed by the government.”

20. Pronounce on/upon (v)

• Vietnamese meaning: Đưa ra phán quyết hoặc ý kiến về điều gì đó.

• English meaning: To declare or announce a judgment or opinion on something.

• Example: “The committee will pronounce upon the proposed changes next week.”

21. Propound (v)

• Vietnamese meaning: Đề xuất, đưa ra ý kiến.

• English meaning: To put forward (an idea or theory) for consideration by others.
 • Example: “The scientist propounded a new theory about climate change.”

22. Quasi- (prefix)

• Vietnamese meaning: Gần như, có vẻ như.

• English meaning: Seeming or apparent but not completely or officially.

• Example: “The agreement created a quasi-partnership between the companies.”

23. Radical (adj)

• Vietnamese meaning: Cấp tiến, triệt để.

• English meaning: Relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-

reaching.

• Example: “The new policy introduces radical changes to the healthcare system.”

24. Reliance (n) = dependence

• Vietnamese meaning: Sự phụ thuộc, sự dựa dẫm.

 • English meaning: Dependence on or trust in someone or something.

• Example: “His reliance on technology became clear when his phone stopped working.”

25. Rudiments (n) = basics, essential, fundamentals

• Vietnamese meaning: Những kiến thức cơ bản, nguyên lý cơ bản.

• English meaning: The basic principles or elements of a subject.

• Example: “She learned the rudiments of programming before advancing to more

complex topics.”

26. Settle a dispute/lawsuit/conflict/argument (v)

• Vietnamese meaning: Giải quyết một tranh chấp, vụ kiện, xung đột, cuộc cãi vã.

• English meaning: To resolve or bring an end to a disagreement, legal case, or conflict.

• Example: “They managed to settle the dispute without going to court.”

27. Systematic (adj)

 • Vietnamese meaning: Có hệ thống, có phương pháp.

• English meaning: Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

• Example: “The company adopted a systematic approach to problem-solving.”

28. Deteriorate (v) = worsen, get worse, decline, weaken

• Vietnamese meaning: Xuống cấp, trở nên tồi tệ hơn.

• English meaning: To become progressively worse.

• Example: “The condition of the roads has deteriorated due to heavy traffic.”

29. Tenet (n) = principle, belief, rule, theory

• English Meaning: A principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a

religion or philosophy.

• Vietnamese Meaning: Nguyên lý hoặc tín điều, đặc biệt là một trong những nguyên lý

chính của một tôn giáo hoặc triết lý.

• Example: One of the core tenets of Buddhism is the belief in the cycle of rebirth.
 Passage 2 - Tidal power

Key Table

Câu hỏi Bài đọc Meaning Example

Bring… back into Re-import into Mang trở lại - nhập Efforts are being made to bring traditional

Britain Britain lại craftsmanship back into Britain.

Reliable Predictable and Đáng tin cậy The company is known for its reliable

constant products and services.

Cut down Reduce Cắt giảm I’m trying to cut down on sugar to

improve my health.

Raise Stick out of the Nâng lên They plan to raise their children in the

water countryside.

The extraction of Clean seaweed Sự khai thác rong The extraction of seaweed is a growing

seaweed biển industry due to its use in various products.

Comparatively Relatively Tương đối The new model is

comparatively cheaper than the previous

 version.

Sea life Fish and other Sinh vật biển The coral reefs are home to a vast variety

creatures of sea life.

Not in danger Unlikely to be at rish Không gặp nguy The species is currently not in danger,

hiểm but conservation efforts are still important.

Result from Cause Là kết quả của… Her illness resulted from years of

unhealthy living.

1. Set to (phrasal verb), B2

• Vietnamese: dự định sẽ làm gì, có kế hoạch làm gì

• English: likely or ready to do something

• Example: The company is set to launch its new product next month.

2. Constant (adj), B2 = regular, stable, steady, even

• Vietnamese: không thay đổi, liên tục

 • English: happening all the time or repeatedly

• Example: She had a constant feeling of stress during exam season.

3. Prospect (n), B2 = possibility, likelihood, potential

• Vietnamese: triển vọng, khả năng

• English: the possibility that something will happen

• Example: There’s a good prospect of getting the job if I perform well in the interview.

4. Tide (n), C1 = wave, flow, stream, current

• Vietnamese: thủy triều

• English: the regular rise and fall of the sea level caused by the moon’s gravitational

pull

• Example: The fishermen set out early to avoid the high tide.
5. Abandon (v), B2 = discard, dump, dispose #keep

• Vietnamese: từ bỏ, bỏ rơi

• English: to leave someone or something behind permanently or for a long time

• Example: The old house was abandoned after the family moved to the city.

6. Ailing (adj), C1

• Vietnamese: ốm yếu, gặp khó khăn

• English: weak or ill, often used for people or businesses facing difficulties

• Example: The ailing company needed a large investment to stay afloat.

7. Venture (n), C1

• Vietnamese: dự án hoặc hoạt động kinh doanh mạo hiểm

• English: a risky or daring project or business

• Example: Starting a new venture in an uncertain market can be quite challenging.

8. Be in charge of something (idiom), B2

• Vietnamese: chịu trách nhiệm về việc gì

• English: to have control or responsibility for something

• Example: She is in charge of organizing the company’s annual conference.

9. Hostile (adj), C1 = harsh, adverse, unfavourable

• Vietnamese: thù địch, không thân thiện, khắc nghiệt

• English: unfriendly, showing opposition or dislike

• Example: The soldiers were met with hostile reactions from the local population.

10. Saline (adj), C2

• Vietnamese: chứa muối, có tính mặn

• English: containing or related to salt

• Example: The saline water made it difficult for plants to grow near the coast.
 11. Subsidiary (n), C2

• Vietnamese: công ty con

• English: a company controlled by a larger company

• Example: The multinational corporation owns several subsidiaries around the world.

12. Indented (adj), C2

• Vietnamese: có chỗ lõm vào, thụt vào

• English: having a part of the surface pushed inward or a line pushed in from the

margin (e.g., in writing)

• Example: The coastline is highly indented with numerous bays and inlets.

13. Mount (v), C1 = install, fit

• Vietnamese: tăng lên, leo lên, gắn vào

• English: to increase, to climb, or to attach something

• Example: Pressure continued to mount as the deadline approached.

14. Maintenance (n), B2

• Vietnamese: sự bảo trì

• English: the process of keeping something in good condition

• Example: Regular maintenance of the machinery is essential to avoid breakdowns.

15. Seaweed (n), B2

• Vietnamese: rong biển

• English: a plant that grows in the sea

• Example: We collected seaweed from the beach to use as fertilizer.

16. Feed into something (phrasal verb), C1 = contribute, provide, flow into, deliver

• Vietnamese: góp phần vào, đi vào

• English: to have an effect on something or to contribute to something

• Example: The data from the survey will feed into the final report.
 17. Cavitation (n), C2

• Vietnamese: hiện tượng tạo bọt khí trong chất lỏng

• English: the formation of empty spaces or bubbles in a liquid due to rapid pressure

changes

• Example: The propeller was damaged due to cavitation in the water.

18. Vibration (n), C1

• Vietnamese: sự rung động

• English: a continuous, fast shaking movement

• Example: The vibration of the washing machine could be felt through the floor.

19. Submerged (adj), C2 = flooded, underwater, soaked

• Vietnamese: chìm dưới nước

• English: completely under water

• Example: The shipwreck remains submerged under several meters of water.

20. Debris (n), B2 = rubbish, garbage, trash, waste

• Vietnamese: mảnh vỡ, rác thải

• English: broken or scattered pieces of something destroyed

• Example: The debris from the building collapse was spread over a large area.

21. Robust (adj), C1 = strong, healthy, vigorous, tough

• Vietnamese: mạnh mẽ, cường tráng

• English: strong, healthy, or unlikely to break or fail

• Example: The robust economy has continued to grow despite global challenges.
 Passage 3 - Information Theory - The big idea

Key Table

Câu hỏi Bài đọc Meaning Example

Unnecessary Superflous Không cần thiết Buying a new phone was unncessary since my old

one still works perfectly.

Omit Strip out Bỏ qua, loại bỏ Please omit the last paragraph from the report.

Fame Acclaim Danh tiếng The singer gained international fame after her hit

song went viral.

Incident Event Sự cố, vụ việc “The incident at the factory caused a temporary

shutdown.”

Initially Originally Ban đầu “Initially, I was hesitant about joining the team, but

now I’m glad I did.”

Pictures Images Hình ảnh “I took several pictures during my trip to the

mountains.”

Soar out of Leave Tăng vọt ra khỏi “The stock prices soared out of the usual range due
 to unexpected demand.”

Be about to On the brink of Sắp ngừng hoạt “My old computer is about to stop working, so I

stop working failing động need to buy a new one.”

Replace Change Thay thế “I need to replace the batteries in my remote

control.”

Transmit Was sent out Truyền tải The radio station transmits the news every

hour.”

In his attempts Set about Trong nỗ lực của… “In his attempts to improve his skills, he practiced

every day.”

Over distance From place to Khoảng cách xa “The message was transmitted over a great

place distance using radio waves.”

Is determined Depends on Phụ thuộc vào “The speed of the car is determined with a radar

with gun.”

More Come very close Nhiều thông tin hơn “Please provide more information about the event.”

information to…
1. Switchover (n), C2

• Vietnamese: sự chuyển đổi, sự thay đổi

• English: the process of changing from one system or method to another

• Example: The country is preparing for a switchover to digital television.

2. Triumph (n), B2 = victory, achievement, success

• Vietnamese: chiến thắng, thành tựu lớn

• English: a great victory or achievement

• Example: Winning the championship was a personal triumph for the young athlete.

3. Shunned (v), C2 = avoid, ignore, reject

• Vietnamese: tránh xa, xa lánh

• English: deliberately avoided or rejected

• Example: He was shunned by his colleagues after the scandal.

 4. Acclaim (n), C2 = praise, approval, applause, compliments

• Vietnamese: sự hoan nghênh, tán thưởng

• English: public praise and approval

• Example: The artist’s new exhibition received widespread acclaim from critics.

5. Inveigled somebody into something (v), C2 = persude, convince, entice

• Vietnamese: dụ dỗ, lôi kéo

• English: to persuade someone to do something by means of deception or flattery

• Example: She inveigled him into signing the contract without reading it.

6. Prestigious (adj), C1 = admired, respected, celebrated, famed, high-status

• Vietnamese: danh giá, có uy tín

• English: having a high status or reputation

• Example: He graduated from a prestigious university known for its academic

excellence.
7. Vague (adj), B2 = unclear, imprecise, ambiguous

• Vietnamese: mơ hồ, không rõ ràng

• English: not clear or not specific

• Example: Her explanation was so vague that nobody understood what she meant.

8. Interfere with (v), B2 = hinder, hamper, restrict, impede

• Vietnamese: can thiệp, xen vào

• English: to get involved in something that is not your concern, often causing disruption

• Example: It’s not a good idea to interfere in other people’s arguments.

9. Error-free (adj), C1

• Vietnamese: không có lỗi

• English: without mistakes or faults

• Example: The report was error-free, thanks to thorough proofreading.

10. Ravage (v), C2

• Vietnamese: tàn phá

• English: to cause severe damage

• Example: The hurricane ravaged the coastal towns, leaving them in ruins.

11. Feat (n), C1 = achievement, accomplishment, deed

• Vietnamese: kỳ công, chiến công

• English: an achievement that requires great skill or courage

• Example: Climbing Mount Everest is a remarkable feat of endurance.

12. Stunningly (adv), C2

• Vietnamese: một cách tuyệt đẹp, ngạc nhiên

• English: in an extremely beautiful or impressive way

• Example: The mountains were stunningly beautiful at sunset.

13. Detect (v), B2

• Vietnamese: phát hiện ra

• English: to discover or identify the presence of something

• Example: The doctor managed to detect early signs of the disease.

14. Crumpled (adj), C2

• Vietnamese: nhăn nheo, nhàu nát

• English: wrinkled or crushed into folds

• Example: He pulled a crumpled piece of paper out of his pocket.

15. Stripping (n), C2 = remove, rid, take away

• Vietnamese: việc tước bỏ, lột bỏ

• English: the act of removing a covering or layer

 • Example: The workers are stripping the old paint from the walls before applying a

new coat.

16. Superfluous (adj), C2 = surplus, unnecessary, excessive, redundant

• Vietnamese: thừa thãi, không cần thiết

• English: unnecessary, more than what is needed

• Example: The report included so much superfluous information that it became

confusing.

17. Ambiguous (adj), C1 = unclear, uncertain, confusing

• Vietnamese: mơ hồ, nhập nhằng

• English: having more than one possible meaning, unclear

• Example: Her statement was deliberately ambiguous, leaving room for interpretation.

18. Redundant (adj), B2 = superflous

• Vietnamese: dư thừa, không cần thiết

• English: unnecessary because it is more than needed

• Example: The document was filled with redundant details that didn’t add any value.

19. Probe (v), C2 = space probe, spacecraft, spaceship

• Vietnamese: thăm dò, điều tra

• English: to examine or investigate something thoroughly

• Example: The journalist began to probe deeper into the politician’s background.

20. Faint (adj), B2 = weak, unclear, feeble

• Vietnamese: yếu ớt, mờ nhạt

• English: not strong or clear; slight

• Example: She heard a faint noise coming from the other room.

21. Astonishing (adj), B2 = surprising, shocking, amazing

• Vietnamese: đáng kinh ngạc

• English: very surprising; amazing

• Example: His astonishing performance left the audience speechless.

22. Gadget (n), B2 = device, tool, implement

• Vietnamese: thiết bị, dụng cụ nhỏ gọn

• English: a small, useful device

• Example: She loves kitchen gadgets and always buys the latest ones.

23. Shun (v), C2

• Vietnamese: xa lánh, tránh xa

• English: to deliberately avoid or reject someone or something

• Example: After the scandal, he was shunned by the community.

25. Compression (n), C2

• Vietnamese: sự nén, ép

• English: the act of pressing something into a smaller space or reducing its size

• Example: The compression of the files made it easier to send them by email.

26. Cram something into (phrasal verb), C2

• Vietnamese: nhồi nhét cái gì đó vào

• English: to force a lot of something into a small space

• Example: We had to cram all our clothes into one suitcase for the trip.