TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL SYSTEM

Saint Francis Academy

Poblacion, Rizal, Cagayan, Philippines

Module No. 3
Course Title: Keyboard and Mouse Functions/ Workstation Couse Code: Computer 7
Ergonomics/Applying 5s on your computer
Instructor: Ms. Roda L. Balbuena Term & A.Y. S.Y.2023-2024-1st Quarter

I. Overview
The goal of ergonomics is to reduce your exposure to work hazards. A hazard is defined as a physical
factor within your work environment that can harm your body. Ergonomic hazards include working in
awkward or uncomfortable postures and using excessive force or high repetition to complete a task.
II. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:
A. Find and know function of keys
B. Identify mouse, touchpad, touch screen
C. Use and know functions of mouse buttons
D. Recognize Cursor shapes
E. Identify ergonomic hazards and risk factors
F. able to set up workstation for optimal comfort and performance

III. Learning Resources & References

 Bahr, N. J., ―System Safety Engineering and Risk Assessment: A Practical Approach‖, Taylor and
Francis, 1997

 http://www.austlii.edu.au LO 2

 http://www.michigan.gov/documents/4-pub207_60737_7.pdf

 http://www.empf.org/empfasis/aug04/prop.htm LO 3

 http://www.lakeland.cc.il.us/

 http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v48/v48-76.pdf

 http://www.leankaizen.co.uk/5s-your-computer.htm
IV. Lecture Content/Summary of Lesson

TIP: Posture
If your chair has adjustable arm
rests, raise them to support your
forearms so your shoulders can
relax. Take frequent breaks to
stand, stretch, and relax!
Keyboard and Mouse
The keyboard and mouse are the two most common ways that users communicate with a computer – or
tell the computer what they want it to do.
First, we’ll look at a Keyboard and show you that it’s somewhat like a typewriter that has some fancy
tools to help you more effectively communicate with the computer. A Mouse is a little bit like a
television remote – and also helps you tell the computer what to do.

KEYBOARDING BASICS

The word typing

- just means that you are using a machine to write.
Many people still use this word when they talk
about writing on a computer, but it is also called
keyboarding.

Typing

Keyboarding
- is to teach your fingers to press the correct keys on
a computer keyboard.

Keyboarding
Word Processing
- is to create a document using a computer and word
processing software. Documents can include
letters, a job search resume, a class assignment, or
any other typed material.

Word Processing
The alphabet character keys
- on a keyboard are found in the center of the
keyboard.

Alphabet Character Keys

The numeric characters keys
- 0 to 9 are found on the row that is second from the
top of the keyboard.
A B
If you are using an extended keyboard, you will also have a
numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard that can
be used by pressing the Num Lock key in the top left
corner of the keypad.

Numeric Character Keys

Special character keys
- are found in two places on the keyboard. Some of
them are found on top of the numeric keys. You
A can type one of these by pressing the Shift key
while you press a number key.

Other special character keys

- are found on the right side of the alphabet keys.
B
Press the shift key to type the special character on
the top of the key.
Special Character Keys
 Function keys
- are found across the top row of keys. They are used
to make a certain task happen – like display a help
screen, or to make your computer display on a
projector screen.

Function Keys
There are special keys on your keyboard that control
things, but do not type a character by themselves.

Backspace deletes to the left, Delete key deletes text to the

right of the cursor.

The Tab key will move to the next tab stop in word
processing programs and move to the next text entry field
in other programs (i.e. a web browser).
Special Keys
These special keys change what happens when you press it
along with another key. Some examples are:
TIP: Caps Lock and Num Shift and a letter key  types an upper case letter
Ctrl and another key  tells the computer to do something
Lock else (not type a letter). Ffor example:
If you want to type everything in  Ctrl+S = Save
capital letters, press the Caps Lock  Ctrl+X = Cut (short cut to remove text)
key. When you’re done, press it again  Ctrl+C = Copy (short cut to copy text)
to turn Caps Lock off.  Ctrl+V = Paste (short cut to insert text)
To use the number key pad, press
Num Lock. You might want to leave it
*Note: the plus sign means you hold down the control key
on all the time! then press the letter key that follows.

How to use a mouse

Holding your mouse properly will make it easier to use.

Your entire right hand should rest on the mouse, with the cord (if it
has one) and buttons pointing away from you. Your thumb should
rest on the table surface on the left side of the mouse. Your pointer
finger should be on the top left and your center finger on the top
right. TIP: Left vs. Right Click
Your pointer finger is now on the left click button and your Left click is the most common use of
the mouse. Use the left click to
middle finger on the right click button, even if they don’t look
select options with your mouse.
like buttons.
The right click is used to bring up
Between the left and right click buttons, there is probably a menus or display information about
wheel. files or folders. It is not used to
select options.
To move the pointer up, move the mouse away from you. To
move the pointer lower, pull the mouse toward you. When instructions say just “click”
(without including left or right),
It helps to have the mouse on a smooth surface, such as a mouse they mean LEFT click.
pad.
Sometimes you will single left click,
If you run out of room to move the mouse on your desk, just pick and sometimes double left click.
up the mouse and move it to a better position. Don’t worry: if you double left
clock on something that only
You can use the center wheel to move up and down in a
requires a single click, it will still
document or on a web page. work.
 If you are using a touchpad on a laptop computer, it TIP: Customize your
works much the same way as a mouse. Just slide your Mouse
finger across the touch pad and watch the pointer move
If you want to use the mouse in your
across the screen. To click on a touch pad, either lightly
left hand or customize your mouse in
tap the touchpad or click the buttons below the touchpad. other ways, try this.
When you left or right click, stop moving the mouse. 1. Go to the Start button
It is helpful to have part of your hand touching the table 2. Double-click Control Panel
or desk you’re working at, but keep your wrist straight or 3. Double-click Hardware
it will get sore. (Also, take your hand off the mouse when 4. Double-click Mouse
you’re not using it.) After you click, give the computer a Then explore the tabs across the top.
moment to respond. It may take a second or two for the You can also change the size of the
computer to respond. Too many clicks will slow down pointer and other mouse icons as well
your computer. as clicking speed and other settings
from here.

To . . . Do this . . .
Point or Roll over Move the mouse pointer so that the arrow rests on an
area or a word. In many cases, just pointing to an
area or word will bring up menus of help features.
Click Press and quickly release the LEFT mouse button
one time. This is the most common action.
Double-click Press and quickly release the left mouse button TWO
times.
Click and drag Press and HOLD the left mouse button down while
moving the mouse to a new position.
Right-click Press and quickly release the RIGHT mouse button
one time.
Click off Click on an empty area of the screen. This will close
any open menus or commands.

The mouse pointer will change shape to let you know what the computer is doing, or to let you
know what you can or cannot do when you are using a computer.

Mouse pointer icons

Allows you to select items by clicking.

Arrow Pointer
Shows where your typing will start.
“I” beam
Appears when you can click on a link.
Hand pointer
When your computer is busy trying to carry out a
command, this will appear.
Spinner
Your computer is telling you to wait a moment.
Timer or Hourglass
This will appear when a command is not an option.
“Not”
These arrows appear with shapes and illustrations.
They are used to resize or move these objects.
Mouse Tips!
 Pressing the mouse buttons is easy and takes a slight amount of pressure.
 As a beginning computer user, avoid pressing or clicking with the right mouse button.
It’s for additional options that advanced users typically use and since you don’t need to
use it as a beginner - best avoid it for

Common Keyboard Shortcuts

Custom Keyboard Shortcuts can be created by going to: Tools > Customize > Keyboard
Computer Workstation Ergonomics
There are various health problems associated with the regular use of computers, such as stress, eyestrain,
and injuries to the wrists, neck, and back.
Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work involves the regular use of computers.
Computer ergonomics - is the discipline of matching the task to the worker using the most appropriate
equipment to optimize human well-being and overall performance. This can be simplified to ―Modify
the workplace, not the individual".

Consideration should be given to:

 The accessories required to operate properly

 The layout of equipment on the desk

 The location of furniture in the room

Work surface height

Adjust the height of the work surface and/or the height of the
chair so that the work surface allows your elbows to be bent
at 90 degrees, forearms parallel with the floor, wrist straight,
shoulders relaxed.
Chair
Adjust the seat tilt so that you are comfortable when you are
working on the keyboard. Usually, this will be close to
horizontal but some people prefer the seat tilted slightly
forwards. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle
and greater than 90 degrees flexion. If this places an
uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or if the feet do not
reach the floor then a footrest should be used. The footrest
height must allow your knees to be bent at 90 degrees.
Therefore the height of the footrest may need to be
adjustable. Adjust the backrest so that it supports the lower
back when you are sitting upright.

Keyboard placement
Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to
the horizontal and the wrists to be straight. That is, with the hand in line
with the forearm. If this causes the elbows to be held far out from the
side of the body then re-check the work surface height. Some people
prefer to have their wrists supported on a wrist desk or the desk. Be
careful not to have the wrist extended or bent in an up position.
Screen placement
Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily focus on the screen. Usually, this will
be within an arm's length. Set the height of the monitor so that the top of the screen is below eye level and
the bottom of the screen can be read without a marked inclination of the head. Usually, this means that the
center of the screen will need to be near shoulder height. Eyes must be level with the tool bar. People who
wear bifocal or multi-focal lenses will need to get a balance between where they see out of their lenses
and avoid too much neck flexion.

Desk-top layout
Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach of both hands so that there is no
unnecessary twisting of any part of the body. Most people prefer the document holder to be between the
keyboard and the monitor. There are many different types of document holders available.
Document holder
Place this close to the monitor screen in the position that causes the least twisting or inclination of the
head.

Posture and environment

Change posture at frequent intervals to minimize fatigue.
Avoid awkward postures at the extremes of the joint
range, especially the wrists. Take frequent short rest
breaks rather than infrequent longer ones. Avoid sharp
increases in work rate. Changes should be gradual
enough to ensure that the workload does not result in
excessive fatigue. After prolonged absences from work
the overall duration of periods of keyboard work should
be increased gradually if conditions permit

Lighting
Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s, not directly underneath. Try to site desks between rows
of lights. If the lighting is fluorescent strip lighting, the sides of the desks should be parallel with the
lights. Try not to put the screen near a window. If it is unavoidable, ensure that neither the screen nor the
operator faces the window. The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz. If
the monitor is well away from windows, there are no other sources of bright light and prolonged desk
work is the norm, use a low level of service light of 300 lux. If there are strongly contrasting light levels,
then a moderate level of lighting of 400 - 500 lux may be desirable.

Glare and reflection

It is important to detect the presence of glare and reflection. To determine whether there is glare from
overhead lights whilst seated worker should hold an object such as a book above the eyes at eyebrow
level and establish whether the screen image becomes clearer in the absence of overhead glare. To detect
whether there are reflections from the desk surface, the worker should hold the book above the surface
and assess the change in reflected glare from the screen.

Using a mouse
A well designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the wrist and
forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may keep the wrist continuously bent
at an uncomfortable angle. Pressure can be reduced by releasing the mouse
at frequent intervals, by selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse. Keep the
mouse as close as possible to the keyboard, elbow bent and close to the
body.
Posture during Keying
Good posture
- is essential for all users of computers. It comprises of a natural and relaxed position, providing
opportunity for movement, and from which the operator can assume a number of alternative positions. It
is not a single, rigidly defined position.

Typing technique
Typing - is a physical activity, and using a keyboard requires skill, hence the need to learn correct typing
technique. Unskilled ('hunt and peck') typists are particularly at risk of Occupational Overuse Injury
because they:

 often use only one or two fingers which may overload the finger tendons;

 are constantly looking from keyboard to screen to keyboard, which may strain neck muscles;

 often adopt a tense posture (wrists bent back and fingers 'poised to strike').

Speed of keying
The efficiency and speed of modern computers makes it possible for a skilled operator to type extremely
quickly. This capability, reinforced by workload pressures means the potential exists for operators to key
at speeds which may cause or contribute to Occupational Overuse Syndrome.
The role of the repetitive movement in injury is not fully understood, but is believed to interfere with the
lubrication capacity of tendons, and the ability of muscles to receive sufficient oxygen supplies. 10,000 -
12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard.

Length of time on the keyboard

The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and increases the likelihood of muscular
aches and pains. In addition, long periods of repetitive movement and sustained visual attention can also
give rise to fatigue-related complaints.
It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours a day on keyboard duties and no
longer than 50 minutes per hour without a postural/stretching break.
------------------------------

Applying 5s on your computer

You work with documents, presentations, graphics, and
other files all day—and chances are, you have a lot of them.
And that means it takes time to find the documents you
need. Even if it is just a couple of minutes here, and a couple
of minutes there, it all adds up.
But there is a better way to stop the file clutter—by
managing your files more effectively. Digital files are no
different than paper files, and if you don't have a good
method of organization, things get lost.
Whether you save your files in your computer's hard drive or
a shared network location, this course will help you save
time and headache of searching for files
The purpose of this instruction is to help you apply 5S
concepts to the hard drive of your computer resulting in an
increase to your daily productivity, better organization of
your computer, and further compliance with the Office 5S
initiative. We will cover the following topics as they relate to your hard drive:
5S provides the foundation for all quality improvement programs. Thus, it is often said that the road to
productivity starts with 5S and through 5S you can create a highly productive company with highly
productive people. 5S is not only a matter of good housekeeping. It is a process to create more productive
people and more productive companies through motivation, education, and the practice of 5S. It involves
the creation of a strong corporate culture filled with the spirit filled with the spirit of high productivity.
5’S Principles
1. Seiri - Sorting/Tidiness/Putting things in order (Remove/discard what is not needed so that there are
fewer hazards and less clutter to interfere with work. Only keep what is needed.)
2. Seiton – Set/Orderliness/Proper Arrangement (Place things in such a way that they can be easily
reached whenever they are needed. "There must be a place for everything, and everything must be in its
place.")
3. Seiso - Shine/cleanliness. (Keep workplace and things clean and polished; no trash or dirt in the
workplace)
4. Seiketsu - Standardize/Purity (Maintain cleanliness after cleaning, consistentlyperpetual cleaning.
Such cleaning is part of every one's work.)
5. Shitsuke - Sustaining/discipline/commitment (Maintain standards and keep the facility in safe and
efficient order day after day, year after year.)

Example #1: Am I at lost?

It’s not unusual for you to see a computer desktop on your classmate’s desk that looks something like
this:

You may have seen even worse. Keeping your desktop so cluttered like this creates many problems such
as:

 It is difficult to find what you’re looking for.

 Files, folders, and application shortcuts are grouped together without any logical separation.

 You don’t know immediately where to place new files (downloaded files, attachments, temporary
working documents, etc)

 When the desktop gets too full, you waste time cleaning temporary/downloaded files.

 If you are only backing up My Documents, items on the Desktop may be skipped.

 If you are migrating to a different computer or keeping multiple computers synchronized, the Desktop
folder is often missed.

---What can you say about the desktop illustrated?

---How can you make sure that the above problems will not be encountered?
Consider setting up your files in the tree structure format.
A tree structure - is an algorithm for placing and locating files in an organized database. The algorithm
finds data by repeatedly making choices at decision points called nodes. A node can have as few as two
branches (also called children), or as many as several dozen.

In a tree, records are stored in locations called leaves. This name derives from the fact that records always
exist at end points; there is nothing beyond them.

The folder names do not necessarily tell the user what is inside them, making it difficult for yourself and
others to find. Also, the folders that are inside don’t necessarily belong there or fit with the other files.

Sort – it’s the best thing that you can do

Tired of icon clutter on your desktop? Sure, you can organize your desktop shortcuts, programs, folders,
and the like by dragging and dropping, but eventually some game or other screen resolution-changing app
will undo all your hard work.

Make Yourself a Desktop Cleaner

Your desktop is the first thing you see when you start your computer. This should be the most organized
part of your electronic workspace. But what if your desktop looks like this? What will be the impressions
of your classmates?

The Desktop offers many features that make using your computer easier. You can easily start programs or
applications, copy and move files from one place to another and drag and drop files and program where
you want them on the computer or even on to a program's icon to open a file.

Manage Your Own Desktop

Numerous studies have shown that your environment affects your productivity, and that even something
as simple as color can influence your memory or creativity. Since most of our work now is done in the
digital realm, it stands to reason that your desktop environment can play an important role in your
productivity.
Your computer's desktop is a starting point for your entire computing experience, but—like anything else
if you let it get ugly and messy your productivity will take a dive. Here's how to design and create an
attractive desktop with built-in organization to keep your workspace nice, clean, and productive with
minimal effort.
 How to manage your desktop:
1. Create 5 folders in My Documents called :

 Inbox - Put unprocessed items that don’t have a place yet in here. This may be items like
software installers you’ve downloaded, files sent to you from colleagues, and random text
clippings.
 Action Items - Put items requiring an action that takes more than 2 minutes in here. These may
be items such as forms to fill out, large applications to install and setup, and files to upload.
 On Hold - Put items you aren’t yet ready to do or complete in here. These may be articles you’re
thinking of reading, sketches for potential projects, and information about classes you’re thinking
about taking.
 Current Projects - Put files related to active projects in here. This folder contains files you’re
currently working on as well as reference files for a project. Each project gets its own unique
folder.
 Archive - Put completed projects, general reference items, and anything else you might want to
look at again in here

Tip: By placing the underscore in front of the name of the file folder, it will force the folder to display at
the top of the list in My Documents.

2. Now move all relevant files from your desktop into these folders. If you have a large number of files,
you can move everything into the ―Inbox‖ folder and organize it later.

3. All that should be left on the desktop is program icons.

V. Learning Activities

EXERCISE AT YOUR COMPUTER

Neck and Shoulders:

 Neck Rotation: Slowly rotate your head as far as comfortable to the right, then left.
 Shoulder Rotation: Circle your shoulders, then reverse directions.
 Head Side to Side: Bend your neck so left ear approaches left shoulder, then repeat for right. Add
a little resistance by pressing your hand against the side of your head.
 Chin Tuck: Slide your chin inward, without bending your neck up or down. This is easiest to
practice initially against a wall. Tuck chin in, attempting to touch back of neck to the wall while
also maintaining head contact. Don't jam your chin down to your chest.
 Shoulder Blade Retraction: Pull your shoulders down and back.
 Shrug: Slowly raise your shoulders toward ears and hold for a few seconds. Gradually bring
shoulders down and relax.

Back:

 Shoulder Squeeze: Raise your arms in front of body, with elbows bent and thumbs up. Pull
elbows back, squeezing shoulder blades together. Hold for a few seconds then release.
 Stretch Up: Sit up straight and imagine a cable attached to the top of your head. Gradually stretch
to be as tall as possible, hold for a few seconds, then relax.

Arms:

 Arm Relaxation: Drop your arms and hands to your sides. Gently shake them for a few seconds.
 Arm Rotation: Raise your arms in front of your body. Rotate arms so palms face up, then rotate
so backs of hands face each other.

Hands and Wrists:

  Wrist Flex: With your elbows on desk, gently use left hand to bend right hand back toward
forearm. Hold for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat on other side.
 Finger Fan: Spread your fingers as far apart as possible, hold, then clench fists, then release.

Feet:

 Toe Curl: Flex toes up, then curl toes under. Release.
 Foot Rotation: Circle foot slowly from the ankle, then reverse.

Eyes:

 Eye Rolls: Roll your eyes clockwise then counterclockwise briefly.

 Palm Eyes: Without touching your eyes, cup hands lightly over eyes for 30 seconds to rest them
from light.
 Look Away: Exercise your eyes by periodically looking away from your computer to focus on
distant objects.

VI. Supplement Content

POINTS TO REMEMBER
Computers – Ergonomic Guidelines

 Viewing distance: The monitor should be 2 –2½ feet from the child’s eyes.
 Time at computer: Encourage children to use their physical energy.
 Seat and height posture: The child should sit high enough to have his arms bent at 90°
 Footrest: Use it prevent dangling feet.
 Mouse: Find one that fits small hands.
 Keyboard: Child-sized keyboards with light pressure keying are recommended.