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BWD Unit-3

This document provides an overview of working with HTML tables and frames, detailing how to create and manipulate tables using various tags such as <table>, <tr>, <td>, <th>, and attributes like colspan, rowspan, cellpadding, and cellspacing. It also discusses the use of frames in HTML, including the <frameset> and <frame> tags, their attributes, and the disadvantages of using frames. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the concepts and code implementations.

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31 views19 pages

BWD Unit-3

This document provides an overview of working with HTML tables and frames, detailing how to create and manipulate tables using various tags such as <table>, <tr>, <td>, <th>, and attributes like colspan, rowspan, cellpadding, and cellspacing. It also discusses the use of frames in HTML, including the <frameset> and <frame> tags, their attributes, and the disadvantages of using frames. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the concepts and code implementations.

Uploaded by

thankivatsal028
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit – 3 Working with Table and Frames

Working with table: -


The HTML tables allow web authors to arrange data like text, images, links, other tables,
etc. into rows and columns of cells.
The HTML tables are created using the <table> tag in which the <tr> tag is used to
create table rows and <td> tag is used to create data cells. The elements under <td> are
regular and left aligned by default

Example
<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Tables</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Column 2</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Row 2, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>
This will produce the following result –
Row 1, Column 1 Row 1, Column 2
Row 2, Column 1 Row 2, Column 2
Here, the border is an attribute of <table> tag and it is used to put a border across all
the cells. If you do not need a border, then you can use border = "0".
Table Heading: -
Table heading can be defined using <th> tag. This tag will be put
to replace <td> tag, which is used to represent actual data cell.
Normally you will put your top row as table heading as shown
below, otherwise you can use <th> element in any row. Headings,
which are defined in <th> tag are centered and bold by default.
Example
<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Header</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ramesh Raman</td>
<td>5000</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Shabbir Hussein</td>
<td>7000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>
This will produce the following result –
Name Salary
Ramesh Raman 5000
Sabir Hussien 7000
Cell padding and Cell Spacing Attributes: -
There are two attributes called cell padding and cells
pacing which you will use to adjust the white space in your table
cells. The cells spacing attribute defines space between table
cells, while cell padding represents the distance between cell
borders and the content within a cell.
Example
<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Cellpadding</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" cellpadding = "5" cellspacing = "5">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ramesh Raman</td>
<td>5000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shabbir Hussein</td>
<td>7000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>
This will produce the following result –

Name Salary

Ramesh Raman 5000

Shabbir Hussein 7000


Colspan and Row Span Attributes: -
You will use colspan attribute if you want to merge two or more columns into a single
column. Similar way you will use row span if you want to merge two or more rows.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Colspan/Rowspan</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row 1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row 3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –


Tables Backgrounds: -
You can set table background using one of the following two ways −
 bgcolor attribute − You can set background color for whole table or just for one
cell.
 background attribute − You can set background image for whole table or just for
one cell.
You can also set border color also using bordercolor attribute.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Background</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" bordercolor = "green" bgcolor = "yellow">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row 1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row 3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

Row 1 Cell 2 Row 1 Cell 3


Row 1 Cell 1
Row 2 Cell 2 Row 2 Cell 3
Row 3 Cell 1
Here is an example of using background attribute. Here we will use an image available in
/images directory.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Background</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" bordercolor = "green" background =
"/images/test.png">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row 1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td><td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row 3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>
This will produce the following result. Here background image did not apply to table's
header.

Table Height and Width: -


You can set a table width and height using width and height attributes. You can specify table
width or height in terms of pixels or in terms of percentage of available screen area.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Width/Height</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "400" height = "150">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Column 2</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Row 2, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –


Row 1, Column 1 Row 1, Column 2
Row 2, Column 1 Row 2, Column 2

Table Caption: -
The caption tag will serve as a title or explanation for the table and it shows
up at the top of the table. This tag is deprecated in newer version of
HTML/XHTML.

Example…

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Caption</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<caption>This is the caption</caption>

<tr>
<td>row 1, column 1</td><td>row 1, columnn 2</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>row 2, column 1</td><td>row 2, columnn 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –


This is the caption
row 1, column 1 row 1, column 2
row 2, column 1 row 2, column 2

Table Header, Body, and Footer: -


Tables can be divided into three portions − a header, a body, and a foot. The head and
foot are rather similar to headers and footers in a word-processed document that remain
the same for every page, while the body is the main content holder of the table.
The three elements for separating the head, body, and foot of a table are −
 <thead> − to create a separate table header.
 <tbody> − to indicate the main body of the table.
 <tfoot> − to create a separate table footer.
A table may contain several <tbody> elements to indicate different pages or groups of
data. But it is notable that <thead> and <tfoot> tags should appear before <tbody>
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<thead>
<tr>
<td colspan = "4">This is the head of the table</td>
</tr>
</thead>

<tfoot>
<tr>
<td colspan = "4">This is the foot of the table</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Cell 1</td>
<td>Cell 2</td>
<td>Cell 3</td>
<td>Cell 4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>

</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

Nested Tables: -
You can use one table inside another table. Not only tables you can use
almost all the tags inside table data tag <td>.

Example
Following is the example of using another table and other tags inside a table cell.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">

<tr>
<td>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ramesh Raman</td>
<td>5000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shabbir Hussein</td>
<td>7000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>

</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –


Name Salary
Ramesh Raman 5000
Shabbir Hussein 7000
Working with Frames: -
HTML frames are used to divide your browser window into multiple
sections where each section can load a separate HTML document. A
collection of frames in the browser window is known as a frameset. The
window is divided into frames in a similar way the tables are organized: into
rows and columns.

Disadvantages of Frames
There are few drawbacks with using frames, so it's never recommended to use frames
in your webpages −
 Some smaller devices cannot cope with frames often because their screen is not
big enough to be divided up.
 Sometimes your page will be displayed differently on different computers due to
different screen resolution.
 The browser's back button might not work as the user hopes.
 There are still few browsers that do not support frame technology.

Creating Frames: -
To use frames on a page we use <frameset> tag instead of <body> tag. The <frameset>
tag defines, how to divide the window into frames. The rows attribute of <frameset> tag
defines horizontal frames and cols attribute defines vertical frames. Each frame is
indicated by <frame> tag and it defines which HTML document shall open into the frame.
Example

Following is the example to create three horizontal frames –


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset rows = "10%,80%,10%">


<frame name = "top" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "main" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "bottom" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />
<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>

</frameset>

</html>
This will produce the following result −

Example

Let's put the above example as follows, here we replaced rows


attribute by cols and changed their width. This will create all the
three frames vertically –
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset cols = "25%,50%,25%">


<frame name = "left" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "center" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "right" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>
</frameset>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

The <frameset> Tag Attributes: -


Following are important attributes of the <frameset> tag −

Sr.No Attribute & Description

cols
Specifies how many columns are contained in the frameset and the size of each
1
column. You can specify the width of each column in one of the four ways −
Absolute values in pixels. For example, to create three vertical frames, use cols =
"100, 500, 100".
A percentage of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical frames,
use cols = "10%, 80%, 10%".
Using a wildcard symbol. For example, to create three vertical frames, use cols =
"10%, *, 10%". In this case wildcard takes remainder of the window.
As relative widths of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical
frames, use cols = "3*, 2*, 1*". This is an alternative to percentages. You can use
relative widths of the browser window. Here the window is divided into sixths: the
first column takes up half of the window, the second takes one third, and the third
takes one sixth.

rows
This attribute works just like the cols attribute and takes the same values, but it is
2 used to specify the rows in the frameset. For example, to create two horizontal
frames, use rows = "10%, 90%". You can specify the height of each row in the same
way as explained above for columns.

border
3 This attribute specifies the width of the border of each frame in pixels. For example,
border = "5". A value of zero means no border.

frameborder

4 This attribute specifies whether a three-dimensional border should be displayed


between frames. This attribute takes value either 1 (yes) or 0 (no). For example
frameborder = "0" specifies no border.

framespacing

5 This attribute specifies the amount of space between frames in a frameset. This
can take any integer value. For example framespacing = "10" means there should
be 10 pixels spacing between each frames.

The <frame> Tag Attributes: -


Following are the important attributes of <frame> tag –

Sr.No Attribute & Description


src
1 This attribute is used to give the file name that should be loaded in the frame. Its
value can be any URL. For example, src = "/html/top_frame.htm" will load an HTML
file available in html directory.

name
This attribute allows you to give a name to a frame. It is used to indicate which
2 frame a document should be loaded into. This is especially important when you
want to create links in one frame that load pages into an another frame, in which
case the second frame needs a name to identify itself as the target of the link.

frameborder

3 This attribute specifies whether or not the borders of that frame are shown; it
overrides the value given in the frameborder attribute on the <frameset> tag if one
is given, and this can take values either 1 (yes) or 0 (no).

marginwidth

4 This attribute allows you to specify the width of the space between the left and right
of the frame's borders and the frame's content. The value is given in pixels. For
example marginwidth = "10".

marginheight

5 This attribute allows you to specify the height of the space between the top and
bottom of the frame's borders and its contents. The value is given in pixels. For
example marginheight = "10".

noresize

6 By default, you can resize any frame by clicking and dragging on the borders of a
frame. The noresize attribute prevents a user from being able to resize the frame.
For example noresize = "noresize".

scrolling

7 This attribute controls the appearance of the scrollbars that appear on the frame.
This takes values either "yes", "no" or "auto". For example scrolling = "no" means
it should not have scroll bars.
longdesc

8 This attribute allows you to provide a link to another page containing a long
description of the contents of the frame. For example longdesc =
"framedescription.htm"

Browser Support for Frames: -


If a user is using any old browser or any browser, which does not support frames then
<noframes> element should be displayed to the user.
So you must place a <body> element inside the <noframes> element because the
<frameset> element is supposed to replace the <body> element, but if a browser does
not understand <frameset> element then it should understand what is inside the <body>
element which is contained in a <noframes> element.
You can put some nice message for your user having old browsers. For example, Sorry!!
your browser does not support frames. as shown in the above example.

Frame's name and target attributes: -


One of the most popular uses of frames is to place navigation bars in one frame and
then load main pages into a separate frame.
Let's see following example where a test.htm file has following code –
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Target Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset cols = "200, *">


<frame src = "/html/menu.htm" name = "menu_page" />
<frame src = "/html/main.htm" name = "main_page" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>
</frameset>

</html>
Here, we have created two columns to fill with two frames. The first frame is 200 pixels
wide and will contain the navigation menu bar implemented by menu.htm file. The
second column fills in remaining space and will contain the main part of the page and it
is implemented by main.htm file. For all the three links available in menu bar, we have
mentioned target frame as main_page, so whenever you click any of the links in menu
bar, available link will open in main page.

Following is the content of menu.htm file


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body bgcolor = "#4a7d49">


<a href = "http://www.google.com" target =
"main_page">Google</a>
<br />
<br />

<a href = "http://www.microsoft.com" target =


"main_page">Microsoft</a>
<br />
<br />

<a href = "http://news.bbc.co.uk" target = "main_page">BBC


News</a>
</body>

</html>
Following is the content of main.htm file –

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body bgcolor = "#b5dcb3">


<h3>This is main page and content from any link will be
displayed here.</h3>
<p>So now click any link and see the result.</p>
</body>

</html>
When we load test.htm file, it produces following result −
Now you can try to click links available in the left panel and see the result.
The targetattribute can also take one of the following values −

Sr.No Option & Description

1 _self
Loads the page into the current frame.

_blank
2
Loads a page into a new browser window. Opening a new window.

_parent
3 Loads the page into the parent window, which in the case of a single frameset is
the main browser window.

_top
4
Loads the page into the browser window, replacing any current frames.

targetframe
5
Loads the page into a named targetframe.

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