INDORE INSTITUTE OF LAW

(Affiliated to D.A.V.V. & B.C.I., an Autonomous Law College with NAAC A+ Grade)

Session 2024-2025

Stream – B.B.A.LL.B. ( Hons.)

Semester & Section - 7th semester

Assignment 01: - LAW ON EDUCATION

Research Paper Presentation

TOPIC - THE STATUS OF ONLINE EDUCATION IN

INDIA : CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES POST
PANDEMIC

Name of Student Name of Faculty

Garima Jain Asst. Prof. Susmita Das
 CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT GARIMA JAIN OF B.B.A.LL.B. VII HAS

SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE RESEARCH WORK IN [THE STATUS OF
ONLINE EDUCATION IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES POST
PANDEMIC] PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE KNOWLEDGE
OF GIVEN BY [ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SUSMITA DAS] PRESCRIBED BY INDORE
INSTITUTE OF LAW.

THIS ASSIGNMENT IS THE RECORD OF AUTHENTIC WORK CARRIED OUT

DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-25.

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

DATE
 DECLARATION

I HEREBY DECLARE THAT THE PROJECT WORK ENTITLED “[THE STATUS OF

ONLINE EDUCATION IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES POST
PANDEMIC]” SUBMITTED FOR FULFILLING THE ESSENTIAL CRITERIA OF
INDORE INSTITUTE OF LAW, IS A RECORD OF AN ORIGINAL WORKDONE BY ME
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF [ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SUSMITA DAS] IN, INDORE
INSTITUTE OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC SESSION 2023-24.

NAME

[B.B.A.LL.B.(HONS.)]

VII -SEMESTER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, GARIMA JAIN STUDENT OF B.B.A.LL.B. VII WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY

SPECIAL THANKS OF GRATITUDE TO MY PROFESSOR AND GUIDE [ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR SUSMITA DAS] WHO GAVE US THE GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY TO DO
THIS WONDERFUL ASSIGNMENT ON THE TOPICS [THE STATUS OF ONLINE
EDUCATION IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES POST PANDEMIC]. I
AM SINCERELY GRATEFUL TO MY TEACHER FOR GUIDING US AND PROVIDING
THE RELEVANT INFORMATION AND THUS HELPING ME TO COMPLETE THE
PROJECT SUCCESSFULLY. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO GIVE A HEARTY THANKS TO
MY PARENTS WHO SUPPORTED ME MORALLY AS WELL AS ECONOMICALLY IN
COMPLETION OF THIS ASSIGNMENT WITHOUT ANY TYPE OF PROBLEM. I
WOULD LIKE TO APPRECIATE AND THANK ALL MY FRIENDS AND ALMA
MATES FOR HELPING ME IN EVERY POSSIBLE MANNER IN THE WAY OF
COMPLETION OF MY PROJECT. LAST BUT NOT THE LEAST I WANT TO THANK
THE ALMIGHTY WHO MADE EVERYTHING POSSIBLE.
 THE STATUS OF ONLINE EDUCATION IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES POST PANDEMIC

ABSTRACT

During Covid time nothing remained untouched and due to social distancing, everything is done
on online platform like business, education, communication, court procedure etc. All the colleges
and schools were closed and the education has shifted to online mode. This Covid has also
reformed the legal education and has transformed the legal education in such a way that a student
from remote area could be able to do law courses from the world class university. Now online
resources reduce the high cost of books, materials, stationery and geographical gap. This Covid 19
act as catalyst for the legal education. Now traditional legal education like lecture-based teaching,
court visit, reading digest, costly books and journals has been transformed to digital legal
education like online lecture-based teaching, online examination, online moot court, webinars and
online workshop. Now online resource materials, ejournal, various websites regulated by UGC,
Egan, in flint and various resources are made available for better outcome.

Keywords: Digitalization, legal education, techno savvy, online learning, hybrid mode,
synchronous methodology, massive open, online course.

Introduction

Legal education is essentially a multi-disciplined, multi-purpose education which can develop the
human resources and idealism needed to strengthen the legal system. A lawyer, a product of such
education would be able to contribute to national development and social change in a much more
constructive manner.
According to Babylon's Dictionary, "Legal education is the education of individuals who intend to
become legal professionals or those who simply intend to use their law degree to some end, either
related to law (such as politics or academic) or business. It includes: First degrees in law, which may
be studied at either undergraduate or graduate level depending on the country; Vocational courses
which prospective lawyers are required to pass in some countries before they may enter practice and
Higher academic degrees".

Legal education played a great role in providing competent legal professional. Since independence
legal education institutions are pioneered in providing practical as well as theoretical knowledge
regarding law by various mode like moot court, lecture base studies, group assignment, case research
and writing research report. In this way, legal educational institution is developing legal professional
in India. Covid-19 had an adverse impact on the education too and during Covid-19 legal education
has been transformed to digital legal education. The offline mode education has been transformed to
online mode. Technology has taken place in the legal education in such a way that for better learning
during Covid, the legal education has taken the form of online mode lecture, e-resources, access to
various online journal, digest, online moot court and group studies. The legal education has been
transformed into giving online lectures through synch nous method of teaching with the use of
remote access technologies. The law school were more engaged in e moot courts, webinars, online
national and international seminars and conferences. This has made possible for the remote area’s
learner, students belonging to Band C grade institution to have world-class learning. Now it has
become possible for the learner to learn everything from the expert and world class expert lectures
are easily available for the learners.

During this Covid time, the geographical gap has been removed away and it has facilitated the reach
of legal professional and students to the world legal education. Now every legal information is made
accessible to each individual and this has made possible for the legal students to get world-class
knowledge. Many legal institutions are imparting legal education through online mode like ppt, audio
video, chat, social media platforms. On the other hand, this transformation of legal education also
faces certain challenges like poor network, weak audio video, not having adequate knowledge
regarding technology, remote areas and lack of clarity regarding contents. So only techno savvy
individual is getting interest in this digital legal education and people who are technically savvy used
this opportunity and became the masters of online teaching without analyzing the impact of the same.
Traditional law schools also do not have all the online facilities of learning. Through this research the
researcher has reviewed the transformation of legal education during Covid-19, exposure of law
school to Covid-19 and various challenges associated with this digital education like poor network,
lack of digital facilities with students and traditional institution. This research also provided certain
suggestions so that challenges associated with the digital legal education can be minimized. For the
purpose the research evaluates the primary as well as secondary data through asking questions from
respondents, discussion with peers and experts, observations and online search. This research is based
on books, websites, journals, supreme court judgement, articles, analysis legal institution and experts.
This research is based on both qualitative and quantitative data made through empirical and doctrinal
method.

Transformation of legal education during COVID time

Legal education during Covid time was very challenging but it provided exciting opportunities for the
students for becoming future professional. The massive proliferation of artificial intelligence, big
data, cloud computing, affordable mobile device and Internet broadband connectivity are offering
new way for educating law students and this has revolutionized the legal education in such a way that
now law students are not required to be on campus to read law. Technology brought radical change in
legal education and now legal education is provided through Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs).
Now with the use of various educational tool law schools are providing legal education on online
mode and also creating, designing and delivering their module via internet.

During this Covid time, legal education has adopted the technology and tools for the transformation
of the legal education system. During the pandemic, it was the digital ecosystem which kept the
world together. Be it the internet, Tenable platforms or mobile phones to make digital connectivity
simpler and effective, we continued to function in India through these digital systems. The global
pandemic has created havoc with the lives, health and safety of people but it has also given us a lot of
opportunities. One has to begin thinking on future scenarios for using technology in the legal
profession. During Covid the transformation of legal education contributes to ensuring the
accessibility of the learning process and the involvement of students in this process, significantly
expands the possibilities of searching and using information to solve the assigned tasks, allows
synchronous interaction between the teacher and the student, and operational control of the level of
competence formation. †In the present era of information capitalism, economic liberalization and
WTO, legal profession in India has to cater to the needs of a new brand of legal consumer/client
namely the foreign companies or collaborations. In the changed scenario, the additional roles by law
professionals to play are that of policy planner, business advisor, negotiator among interest groups,
experts in articulation and communication of ideas, mediator, lobbyist, law reformer etc. Due to
expanding role of law professionals our curriculum has been transformed into various
interdisciplinary courses which are must to produce the competent law professionals of 4th
generation.

Intellectual proprietary rights, Energy laws, Arbitration and negotiation, Amalgamation laws, e-
contract, legal research has been evolved as a need of the time. So Various universities and law
colleges have started various programs reaped to IPR, Energy law, Cyber laws, Amalgamation
courses, Arbitration and negotiation courses, e contract drafting and many more like LLM in
financial and corporate laws on online mode. Due to this transformation in legal education, now legal
education has taken the form of project-based studies. Now students are getting trained on live
projects so that they can acquire practical knowledge regarding legal profession. Many legal institutes
by experts have been evolved providing practical online courses as per the industry need. In the
traditional legal education, the courses were very traditional and not updated. During Covid,
Digitalization has been evolved as a need and this creates opportunities for the universities and expert
for sharing their knowledge remotely and gets a greater number of students benefited. During Covid,
there are a number of renowned experts, supreme judges & advocate who are sharing their
knowledge and experiences and preparing the legal learner to match the future needs. Before Covid
students belong to remote colleges were not having opportunities to get expert knowledge. There was
lack of experience, lack of knowledgeable faculty and lack of awareness regarding the profession
need due to shortage of facilities and resources. Law school are having tradition of moot court
practice, internship on every semester since decade and they also have tie-ups with famous law firms
and renowned advocates. But the law institute belonging to category B & C could not be able to
provide such facilities like NLUs due to limited resources. But due to Covid, now it has become
possible for the learners to get world class learning with no cost and less cost. Now various foreign
universities have started online courses in legal education on hybrid mode and international
opportunities are made possible for the students.

Now this transformation has fulfilled the knowledge gap, resource gap of the legal education and
facilitated the reach of world class education to every part of the world. This has made possible for
the students from remote area to participate in international conferences, hearing international
speaker, collaboration with foreign universities and access to world class resources. This has also
reduced the high cost of books, wasting of time and enhances student participation and universities
collaboration with renowned colleges and universities. This online mode has made it possible that
now maximum law schools are engaged in faculty sharing program and signing MoU with various
universities and law school to compete the need. Now students with very low-cost can-do program
with renowned law school as many renowned universities are there like Jindal law school, Nasar are
conducting their program in online mode.

Introduction of online learning mechanisms in legal education is the need of the hour. Legal
education has been shifted to digital mode and law schools are using robust Learning Management
System as a mode and trained faculty to handle the Hybrid Blended and Online (HBO) learning.

Now law schools are engaging students live in the online class rooms as per schedule, mentor them,
and conduct their internal assessments and offer online examinations. Now evaluation system has
been changed and online evaluation are being performed.
Advantages of online legal education are plenty for the advancement in the legal education and also
for a law student staying in the remotest part of the country. Now the technology has significantly
enabled students in remote areas to access resource persons, literature and opportunities of
internships online. In this digital world, a student of law in Jharsuguda would be able to hear Harish
Salve argue in the International Court of Justice at The Hague, or a student from a village in
Darbhanga could do a course from Yale through Coursera or a course from Harvard University
through edX. UGC in its recent guidelines on “Examination and Academic Calendar in view of
Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown” has emphasized the need for promoting online
learning and suggests provisioning of virtual classroom and video-conferencing facilities, training of
faculty on these platforms, preparation of e-content, and practice by the faculty to complete their 25%
teaching through online mode in post-Covid situation as well.”

Globalization has given law education a new avatar in terms of higher education pursuits and global
employment. It has also impacted the legal education in India manifold. As we know, the legal
service sector is yet to be considered seriously for rolling out to foreign players. The legal services
industry is experiencing a fundamental transformation as a result of the expansion of trade and
development of new fields of law, corporate restructuring, privatization of government departments,
cross-border mergers and acquisitions, issues dealing with intellectual property rights and
competition law. Nevertheless, the Bar Council of India decided to establish a full-fledged law
university in the country as a premier institution in law in association with the Government of
Karnataka to attract young talent from school.

Hon'ble Mr. Justice U.U. Lalit, Judge, Supreme Court of India, delivered the Presidential Address, in
which he pointed out, “The unprecedented circumstances posed by COVID-19 has prompted change
across the legal profession and legal scholars. The biggest transformation the pandemic has led to is
in the significant increase in the use of technology. The Pandemic made us improve our digital
acumen and adapt in terms of virtual hearings, e-fines and e-conferences. For students’ digitization
has made it possible to receive knowledge, imparted by renowned academicians globally. It had
bridged the gap posed by geographic constraints by altering the mode through which education has
traditionally been imparted”. The future of the legal profession including the quality of lawyers and
judges will depend on the foundations of learning that will be established by law schools. All of us
need to have a strong stake in ensuring the quality of legal education, which will shape the future of
the legal profession.

Challenges during this Covid-time

During the study it is also revealed that a part of the benefits of digital legal education like time
saving, fastest learning, easy availability of the contents, fastest reach, good collaboration of the
peers, group studies, better visualization of the contents, the respondents are also facing certain
challenges like poor network, lack of facilities, distributed audio video, less interested, lack of skill of
the communicators and lack of knowledge regarding technology. It is true that today in this Covid
time technology has been explored in a great extent and various facilities like applications, social
media, Webex facilities, Google Doc. has been evolved and that’s played a great role to fulfil the gap
in this Covid time. Expert also suggest that Law Schools need more adoption of technology-related
legal education to prepare students for a successful career. It is very important that these challenges
must be taught in law schools. Indian exposure in global plat forms. Understanding of technology-
related laws is a very important aspect which law schools must focus on.”

To find out the challenges the teacher has reviewed various related articles, personally reviewed the
experience from the experts, faculty and students. To find out the challenges all types of institutions
like NLUS, private and government universities and colleges has taken account and found out that
mostly70% NLUS has shown satisfactory results during this Covid time but as per the traditional
institution like coaching institution, private and government institutions, only 60% private institutions
and less than 50 % Government institution has shown satisfactory results with respect to delivery of
contents, completion of syllabus, student attendance, assignment completion, outcome of course,
extracurricular activities, students internship and availability of the course materials. People who
were technically savvy used this opportunity and became the masters of online teaching without
analyzing the impact of the same. This is seen during review that lack of technology facilities on part
of institution and students, lack of adequate knowledge regarding educational technology, less techno
Savy of the faculty and students really affected the objectives of the legal education. So, after
analyzing the observation and discussion with the respondents the researcher has analyzed the certain
challenges on transformation of legal education like,
belong to urban area are having good network facilities and there is very less disturbances of
network. But students and respondents of remote area are having poor network and this really affects
the delivery of the contents and students belonging to area losses their interest in the class and that
results in low attendance in the class.
 Less online facilities – It is also seen that traditional law schools are having less online facilities
compared to private institutions and NLUS. On part of student also, students belonging to remote
area are having less facilities for online education. Their economic, social and cultural factors really
affect them. More than 50 %legal institution is unable to cope with the present need.
 Less techno Savy – It is also seen more than 40%respondents are not well techno Savy. As per
latest legal education technology facilities like WebEx access, Webex recording, making assignment
on Google Doc, screen.
 Protest regarding high tuition fees- during research it is found that during Covid most of students
are protesting against the high tuition fees of NLUs. This creates problem for the availability of
resources.
 Lack of skill – It is revealed that though our legal education has been transformed in this
technology world to fulfill the gap but their lack of skills with the respondents like less skilled related
to online contents delivery, less techno Savy, unable to balance the issues related to online learning.
Beside this, it is also seen that
 Large group of students – It is also seen that there more than 70% of the institution are having large
number of students I.e. more than 70 in each class and that create lack of interest due to poor delivery
of contents. It is seen that most of the faculty are less skilled on online delivery of the contents to the
large group and adopted technology is also not supporting the contents delivery to the large audience.
There may be echo problem, disturbed Audi video, background disturbances and less visualization of
the contents.
 Students and faculty are not equipped and trained with technology – we know that we are not born
with technology. Due to digitalization of world in this Covid time we are matching the needs. It is
seen that though legal education has been transformed into the digital world but the students and
faculty are not well equipped and trained with the education technology. BCI has provided various
education guidelines to improve the effects but it is seen that more than 40 % of the students and
institution are unable to fulfil the guidelines. This may be due to lack of technology facilities with the
students. It is also seen that traditional institution neither having online facilities nor providing
training regarding it. This creates challenges during online delivery of the contents. No special
training regarding updated educational technology is given to the faculty and students.
 Health issues with the respondents– During the research the researcher also reported about the
health issues like vertigo, vomiting sensation, migraine, headache and eyesight issues. This makes
them uncomfortable with the present education system.
 Internship and activities challenges-Practical legal knowledge is must in the legal education system
and most of the legal institutes made it compulsory to do internship, moot court and workshop during
the he courses. But in this Covid time all these have been transformed into the online platform and
that arises various challenges like technology related problems, no contents clarity and most of the
students do not participate. So, this affected the practical learning of the legal education system.
 Guidelines for the digital education system – BCCI provided guidelines to improve the digital legal
education to cope up the need of the legal education system. The research revealed that more than 40
percent of the legal institution do not follow the guidelines. The researcher reviewed various
guidelines provided by BCCI, articles, books, websites, experts, newspapers for the betterment of the
transformed legal education. The guidelines are discussed below like,
 Synchronous methodology – The BCI and experts suggested to adopt synch nous methodology in
teaching. This will change the traditional mode
of teaching and motivates the learner to learn the things by their own. This creates autonomy,
openness and creativity in the students. In this, faculty must distribute material before online class,
must have a motivational slogan written on the open page of presentation, greetings students to let
them know that class will begin at the scheduled time. During online teaching PowerPoint
presentation is very much common and slides must be prepared before the presentation of the topic.
In this methodology, the delivery of the online contents must be given with proper pause, voice
modulation, proper visualization of the contents, using of proper contrast, proper platform and using
proper curser. This is also suggested of using proper images, audio and video clip to have better
understanding. It is recommended to have clear expectations about the student’s attendance virtually.
In addition to the standard Attendance policy, the language should clarify your students to attend
synchronous class to be counted as present unless they are permitted to view asynchronous recording
of glass in certain circumstances. It is also highly recommended to engage student in cold calling,
selecting panels of students, motivate them to participate in Group work and audio video class. We
also should be mindful of balancing for various issues like audio video problem, Internet Connections
and ask and ask them to contact on such issues.
 Chat, audio and video –We must prefer chat audio and video for the student to ask and answer
questions.
 Use of computer instead of mobile- Students must use computer instead of tablet mobile to
participate in synchronous classes to enhance the participation of large number of students. We
should have Webex access for the student. Webex is having great features to breakout the groups as
we needed.
 Use of latest educational technology- Use of latest education technology like Webex, Google doc
for the online learning. Webex is having great features to access large number of groups and breaking
large number of students into special groups for better learning of the contents. Google doc is also
very great platform where we can make online assignments and having evaluation great evaluation
option.
 Training of faculty and Students –Training must be given to every faculty and students regarding
updated technology. Training must be given with respect of Webex-access, Webex-recording Google
Doc, sharing screen, sharing and preparing of online material, preparation of PowerPoint presentation
and delivery of online contents. So that most of them can be techno Savy and online learning
objectives can be achieved in the present legal system.
 Social media- It is recommended that it would be useful to connect our students to the social media
network for sharing problem, group discussion, clearing doubts, sharing things. What’s App,
Facebook are the good platform to have better learning outcomes.
 Technology assistance- It is recommended to have at least one teaching assistance for the online
class who can handle all technical issues associated with the online platform. This will help to control
unnecessary disturbances during online class.
 Class coordinator- It is recommended to have class coordinator for the curriculum so that he can
monitor regarding student attendance, syllabus 6744 curriculum, contents clarity, online class issues
Soth tissues can be resolved and better learning of the students could be possible.
 Student notes taker-During all online presentation the communicator must arrange one student in
the class as a note’s taker on behalf of the class and he must be trained for the online post and sharing
the notes on canvas after the presentation.
 Minimize overcrowding on PowerPoint slides. This will benefits students with weak internet
connection causing low- fiddling image transmission.
 Use of proper color and contrast- It is recommended to high contrast like dark text on a light
background. Avoid using red-green or yellow-blue combinations as contrasting color because
individual with colorblindness is unable to differentiate the text from the background.
 Make sure that all the materials in a course must be searchable. This will learners to search for
words or phrases within a document.
 Communication through email, What’s App – communication regarding assignments, expectations
must be made through email or social media.
 Practice -must be made in advance of the technological elements that we use in online class.
 Record and watch yourself- It is recommended to record our Webex and watch yourself to check
your audio video. By doing so, you may identify ways improving teaching setup for teaching online
class.

Conclusion

We know that during Covid-19 legal education has been transformed into the digital world. Legal
education has been shifted from offline platform to online platform. All the law schools were
operated on digital platform. All the learning were online and online lecture, online moot court,
online evaluation of exam, online submission of assignments, online group activities, online
internship and online platform to learn better. After the Covid MoU in the college held were high in
number. Online webinars from the expert have taken part in the present legal education. Earlier it was
difficult to exchange the ideas from the renounced experts. But due to digital education now legal
education has been expanded. Now from all over the world the expert lecture can be availed to the
students. Apart from the benefits of better learning resources, there certain issues needed to be
addressed in the legal education system for effective implementation of the teaching-learning process
like poor network, students belonging to remote areas, lack of skills and technology, low attendance
in online class, ineffective delivery. We should adopt synchronous methodology in teaching, training
for the use of technology, balancing of issues, practical exposure, research and self-learning. Now
many institutes are making their thing online and internship are being performed online. This
research has concluded certain points to take the advantage of online learning and minimize the
associated challenges.

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