Scribd
Upload
9 views22 pages

Titration

The document provides an overview of titration and volumetric analysis, detailing the methods used to determine the concentration of solutions. It explains key concepts such as standard solutions, mass and molar concentration, and the principles of dilution. Additionally, it includes sample problems and procedures for acid-base titrations, emphasizing the importance of volume measurements in the analysis.

Uploaded by

Youdonume
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views22 pages

Titration

The document provides an overview of titration and volumetric analysis, detailing the methods used to determine the concentration of solutions. It explains key concepts such as standard solutions, mass and molar concentration, and the principles of dilution. Additionally, it includes sample problems and procedures for acid-base titrations, emphasizing the importance of volume measurements in the analysis.

Uploaded by

Youdonume
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Titration /

Volumetric Analysis
BY: EDISON EDGAR B. LAURE
Introduction
 Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative
chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown
concentration of a known reactant.
 Because volume measurements play a key role in
titration, it is also known as volumetric analysis.
Definition of Terms
 Standard solution is a chemical term which describes a
solution of known concentration.
 Concentration
 Mass concentration – mass of a substance dissolved in a
volume of solution.
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠, 𝑚 (𝑔)
Mass conc. =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉(𝐿)

 Molar concentration – amount of substance (in moles)


present in a volume of solution.
𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡, 𝑛 (𝑚𝑜𝑙)
Molar conc. = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 (𝐿)
Relationship between Molar
conc. & Mass conc.
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐. 𝑖𝑛 𝑔/𝐿
Conc. In mol/L = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
 Molar concentration (M) = Mass concentration / Molar
mass
 No. of moles = Mass / Molar mass
Concentration of Solution
 Concentration is just like ‘sweetness’ of a solution.
 Imagine: A sugar solution contains 10.0 g of sugar per L
of solution and another contains 2.0 g of sugar per L of
solution.
 The more concentrated one will be sweeter.
Concentration of Solution
 The concentration of a solution is directly proportional to
the amount (mole, n) of substance in solution at
constant volume.
C α n (V is constant)
 The concentration of a solution is inversely proportional
to the volume (V) of solution, if amount (mole or mass) is
constant.
1
C α 𝑉 (n is constant)
Sample Problem no. 1
 A solution contains 2.65 g of anhydrous Na2CO3 in
200cm3 of solution. Calculate the concentration of the
solution in g/dm3 [Na2CO3 = 106]
Sample Problem no. 1 - Solution
 200 cm3 of solution contains 2.65 g of Na2CO3
 1000 cm3 of solution will contain X
1000 𝑐𝑚3 𝑥 2.65 𝑔
X= 200 𝑐𝑚3
X = 13.3 g
Sample Problem no. 2
 What is the molar concentration of a solution containing
1.12 g of potassium hydroxide in 250 cm3 of solution?
[KOH = 56]
Dilution
Principle of Dilution
 The concentration of a solution is usually given in moles
per L. This is also known as Molarity.
 Concentration is given the symbol C.
 A short way to write that the concentration of a solution
of Hydrochloric acid is 0.01 mol/L is [HCl] = 0.01M
 The solute is the substance which dissolves.
 The solvent is the liquid which does the dissolving.
 A solution is prepared by dissolving a solute in a solvent.
Principle of Dilution
 When a solution is diluted, more solvent is added to it,
the number of moles of solute stays the same.
 i.e. n1 = n2
n1 = no. of moles of solute before dilution
n2 = no. of moles of solute after dilution
 Recall, C = n/V
Principle of Dilution
 Make n the subject and substitute, it follows that
C1V1 = C2V2
where
C1 = original concentration of solution
V1 = original volume of solution
C2 = new concentration of solution after dilution
V2 = new volume of solution after dilution
Note: V2 = V1 + volume of water/solvent added.
Sample Problem no. 3
 Calculate the new concentration (molarity) if enough
water is added to 100 cm3 of 0.25 M sodium chloride to
make up 1.5 dm3.
Sample Problem no. 3 - Solution
C1V1 = C2V2
C1V1
C2 =
V2
[NaCl] = C1 = 0.25 M
V1 = 100 cm3 = 0.100 dm3
(volume must be in dm3)
V2 = 1.5 dm3
0.25 x 0.100
[NaCl]new = C2 =
1.5
C2 = 0.017 M
Sample Problem no. 4
 If 280 cm3 of a 3 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide solution is
diluted to give 0.7 mol/dm3 solution.
1. What is the volume of the resulting diluted solution?
2. What is the volume of distilled water added to the
original solution?
Sample Problem no. 4 - Solution
1. 2.
V1 = 280 cm3 Volume of distilled water added
C1 = 3 mol/dm3 V2 = V1 + volume of distilled water added
C2 = 0.7 mol/dm3 volume of distilled water added = V2 - V1
C1V1 = C2V2 = 1200 cm3 – 280 cm3
3 x 280
V2 = 0.7 = 920 cm3

V2 = 1200 cm3
Acid-Base Titrations
Acid-Base Titrations
 Acid-base titrations are lab procedures used to
determine the concentration of a solution. We will
examine it’s use in determining the concentration of
acid and base solutions.
During the Titration
 An acid with a known concentration (a standard
solution) is slowly added to a base with an unknown
concentration (or vice versa). A few drops of indicator
solution are added to the base.
 The indicator will signal, by color change, when the base
has been neutralized.
 i.e. when [H+] = [OH-]
At the End Point
 At the equivalence point or end point – the titration is
stopped. By knowing the volumes of acid and base
used, and the concentration of the standard solution,
calculations allow us to determine the concentration of
the other solution.
Volumetric Apparatus

Erlenmeyer Flask Pipette Bulb


Beaker

Pipette

Burette

You might also like