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Models of Communication

The document discusses various models of communication, including the Transmission, Interactive, and Transaction models, each highlighting different aspects of the communication process. It emphasizes the roles of senders and receivers, the importance of feedback, and the influence of context on communication. Additionally, it addresses the limitations of each model and provides real-world applications for better understanding.

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22 views13 pages

Models of Communication

The document discusses various models of communication, including the Transmission, Interactive, and Transaction models, each highlighting different aspects of the communication process. It emphasizes the roles of senders and receivers, the importance of feedback, and the influence of context on communication. Additionally, it addresses the limitations of each model and provides real-world applications for better understanding.

Uploaded by

amrsdiik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mansoura University - Faculty of Engineering

Production Engineering And Mechanical Design


Department

By
Prof. Dr. Rania Mostafa
Mansoura University - Faculty of Engineering
Production Engineering And Mechanical Design Department

Chapter 2
Communication Types
Introduction to Communication
Chapter Outline

Models of Communication
 Linear, Interactive, Transaction
Types of Communication
Managerial (Interpersonal , Organizational)
 Interpersonal common barriers
Organizational (Formal & Non-Formal)
Definition of Models

Communication models are conceptual frameworks used to explain the process of


human communication. Over time, various models have been developed to describe
how communication works, each emphasizing different aspects of the process.

Communication models help us understand how information is shared between


individuals or groups. These models simplify complex communication processes by
breaking them down into key components, such as sender, receiver, message,
channel, noise, and feedback
Models of Communication
1-Transmission (Linear) Model
 Shannon and Weaver (1949)
 Communication is a one-way process.
 Involves a sender, a message, a channel, and a receiver.
 Focuses on the transmission of information and the accuracy of the message.
 The model builds on Aristotle centuries, which included a speaker, message,
and hearer.
 Includes the concept of "noise" (interference that distorts the message).

 Components:
 Sender → Encodes Message → Channel → Receiver → Decodes Message

 Limitations:
 Ignores feedback and the interactive nature of communication.
 Assumes communication is linear and static.
1-Transmission (Linear) Model

Think of how a radio message is sent from a person


in the radio studio to you listening in your car. The
sender is the radio announcer who encodes a verbal
message that is transmitted by a radio tower through
electromagnetic waves (the channel) and eventually
reaches your (the receiver’s) ears via an antenna and
speakers to be decoded. The radio announcer doesn’t
really know if you receive their message or not, but if
the equipment is working and the channel is free of
static, then there is a good chance that the message
Real-World Applications:
was successfully received  TV and radio broadcasts
 Public speeches
 Advertisements
Models of Communication
2-Interactive Model
 Schramm (1954)
 Communication is a two-way process.
 Includes feedback, making it more dynamic (within physical and
psychological contexts).
 Emphasizes the role of the sender and receiver as both encoding and
decoding messages.
 Introduces the concept of "field of experience" (shared understanding
between sender and receiver.
Components:
 Sender → Message → Receiver → Feedback → Sender

Limitations:
 Still somewhat linear; doesn't fully capture the complexity of real-world
communication
2- Interactive Model

Examples of Feedback
your instructor may respond to a point you raise during class discussion,
you may point to the sofa when your roommate asks you where the remote
control is.

Rather than having one sender, one message, and one receiver, this model has
two sender-receivers who exchange messages.

The interactive model is less message focused, more interaction focused,


and it is more concerned with the communication process itself.

Physical context includes the environmental factors such as the layout,


temperature, and lighting of a space. Real-World Applications:
Psychological context includes mental and emotional factors such as Stress,  Email and text messaging
anxiety, and emotions.  Online chat conversations
 Classroom discussions
Models of Communication
3-Transaction Model
 Barnlund (1970)
 The transactional model sees communication as a continuous and simultaneous exchange
of messages (Communication happens simultaneously, not in turns).
 It acknowledges that both participants are senders and receivers at the same time .
 Context (social, cultural, and relational) influences communication
 Noise and nonverbal signals (gestures, expressions) affect meaning
 Recognizes that communication is influenced by past experiences and relationships
Components:
 Sender/Receiver Message Receiver/Sender (simultaneous roles)

Strengths:
 Captures the complexity and dynamism of real-life communication.
 Accounts for non-verbal cues and environmental factors
3- Transaction Model
Real-World Applications:
 Face-to-face
 Conversations Video calls
and meetings
 Group discussions
3- Transaction Model

Social context refers to the stated rules or unstated norms that guide communication. Norms are
social conventions that we pick up on through observation, practice, and trial and error. We may not
even know we are breaking a social norm until we notice people looking at us strangely or
someone corrects or teases us.

Relational context includes the previous interpersonal history and type of relationship we have with
a person. We communicate differently with someone we just met versus someone we’ve known for
a long time

Cultural context includes various aspects of identities such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity,
sexual orientation, class, and ability.
It is influenced by numerous aspects of our identities and is not limited to race or ethnicity
Comparison between Models

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