MATHS IB - IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

I.LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

STRAIGHT LINES
1. Find the circumcentre of the triangle with the vertices (-2,3), (2,-1) and (4,0).
2. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices (−2, −1), (6, −1) and(2,5).
3. If Q(h, k) is the image of the point P(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) w.r.t. the straight line ax + by + c = 0. Then (ℎ − 𝑥1 ): 𝑎 = (𝑘 − 𝑦1 ): 𝑏 = −2(𝑎𝑥1 + 𝑏𝑦1 +
ℎ−𝑥1 𝑘−𝑦 −2(𝑎𝑥1 +𝑏𝑦1+𝑐)
𝑐): 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 (or) 𝑎
= 𝑏1= 𝑎 2+𝑏 2
and find the image of (1, −2) w.r.t. The straight line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5 = 0
4. If Q(h,k) is the foot of the perpendicular from P(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )𝑜𝑛 the 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, the𝑛prove that ℎ − 𝑥1 : 𝑎 = (𝑘 − 𝑦1 ): 𝑏 =
ℎ−𝑥 𝑘−𝑦1 −(𝑎𝑥1+𝑏𝑦1+𝑐)
−(𝑎𝑥1 + 𝑏𝑦1 + 𝑐): 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 (or) 1 = = . Also find the foot of the perpendicular from (−1,3) on the line 5𝑥 − 𝑦 − 18 = 0.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 2+𝑏 2
5. If p and q are the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin to the straight lines xsec𝛼 + ycosec𝛼 = a and xcos𝛼 − ysin𝛼 = acos2𝛼,
prove that 4𝑝2 + 𝑞2 = 𝑎2 .
PAIR OF STRAIGHTLINES
6 . Let the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines. Then the angle 𝜃 between the lines is given by
𝑎+𝑏
cos𝜃 = 2 2
.
√(𝑎−𝑏) +4ℎ
7. Show that the product of the perpendicular distances from a point (𝛼, 𝛽) to the pair of straight lines 𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 is
|𝑎𝛼 2+2ℎ𝛼𝛽+𝑏𝛽 2|
√(𝑎−𝑏)2+4h2
8. If the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 represents a pair of distinct (i.e., intersecting) lines, then the combined equation of the pair of
bisectors of the angles between these lines is ℎ(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥𝑦
𝑛2 √ℎ 2−𝑎𝑏
9. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 and 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑛 = 0 is |𝑎𝑚2 sq.units.
−2ℎ𝑙𝑚+𝑏𝑙 2|
10 . If the equation 𝑆 = 𝑎𝑥 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 represents a pair of parallel straight lines, then show that
2 2

𝑔2−𝑎𝑐 𝑓2−𝑏𝑐
(𝑖)ℎ2 = 𝑎𝑏(𝑖𝑖)𝑎𝑓 2 = 𝑏𝑔2 and (iii) the distance between the parallel lines is 2√ = 2√ .
𝑎(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑏(𝑎+𝑏)
11 .Find the values of k , if the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve 2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0 and the
2

line x + 2y = k are mutually perpendicular.

12.Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5 = 0 and the line
3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0.
13.Show that the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2 = 0 and the straight line 𝑥 −
𝑦 − √2 = 0 are mutually perpendicular.
D.C’S, D.R’S
14. If a ray makes the angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 and 𝛿 with four diagonals of a cube then find cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + cos2 𝛾 + cos2 𝛿.
15.Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations
𝑙 + m + n = 0, 𝑙2 + 𝑚 2 − 𝑛 2 = 0
16. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations
3𝑙 + m + 5n = 0 and 6mn − 2n𝑙 + 5𝑙m = 0
17.Find the angle between two diagonals of a cube.
DIFFERENTIATION
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
18. If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦) then show that =√ .
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2
√1+𝑥 2+√1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
19 .If 𝑦 = Tan−1 [ ]find 𝑑𝑥 .
√1+𝑥 2−√1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑥 𝑦−1+𝑦 𝑥log𝑦
20 . If 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 then show that 𝑑𝑥 = − [𝑥 𝑦log𝑥+𝑥𝑦𝑥−1 ].
𝑑𝑦
21. If 𝑦 = 𝑥√𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 log(𝑥 + √𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 ) then prove that = 2√𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 .
𝑑𝑥
TANGENTS & NORMALS
22. If the tangent at any point P on the curve xm yn=am+n meets the coordinate axes in A and B then show that AP: BP is a constant.
2 2 2
23. If the tangent at any point on the curve 𝑥 3 +𝑦 3 = 𝑎3 intersects the coordinate axes in A and B, then show that the length AB is a constant.
24. Show that curves y2=4(x+1) and y2=36(9-x) intersect orthogonally .
25. Find the angle between the curves y2=4x and x2+y2=5.
1 1 1 1
26. Show that the Condition for the Orthogonality of the curves ax2+by2=1 and a1x2+b1y2=1 is − = − .
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎1 𝑏1
27. Find the angle between the curves y2=8x and 4x2+y2=32.
MAXIMA,MINIMA
𝟐𝟖. If the curved surface of right circular cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius ’ 𝑟 ’ is maximum, show
the height of the cylinder is √2𝑟.
29. From a rectangular sheet of dimensions 30cm × 80cm. four equal squares of side x cm . are removed at the corners, and the sides are
then turned up so as to form an open rectangular box. Find the value of 𝑥, so that the volume of the box is the greatest.
30. A window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the perimeter of the window is 20 ff ., find the maximum area.
1st Year II.IMPORTANT SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

LOCUS

1. A(1,2), B(2, −3) and C(−2,3) are three points. A point ’ P ’ moves such that 𝑃𝐴2 + 𝑃𝐵 2 = 2𝑃𝐶 2 Show that the equation to
the locus of 𝑃 is 7𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 4 = 0.
2. Find the equation of locus of P , if the ratio of the distance from P to (5, −4) and (7,6) is 2: 3
𝟑. 𝐴(5,3) and 𝐵(3, −2) are two fixed points. Find the equation of locus of 𝑃, so that the area triangle 𝑃𝐴𝐵 is 9 sq.units.
4. A(2,3), B(−3,4) are two given points. Find the equation of locus of P so that the area of △ 𝑃𝐴𝐵 is 8.5 sq.units.
5. Find the equation of locus of P, if the line segment joining (2,3) and (−1,5) subtends a right angle at P
6. The ends of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle are (0,6) and (6,0). Find the equation locus of its third vertex.
TRANSFORMATION OF AXES
7. When the origin is shifted to the point (2,3), the transformed equation of a curve 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 + 17𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 11 = 0.
Find the original equation of the curve.
𝜋
8. When the axes are rotated through an angle 4 , find the transformed equation of 3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 = 9.
𝜋
9. When the axes are rotated through an angle 6 , find the transformed equation of 𝑥 2 + 2√3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎2 .
10. When the axes are rotated through an angle 45∘ , the transformed equation of a curve is 17𝑥 2 − 16𝑥𝑦 + 17𝑦 2 = 225. Find
the original equation of the curve.
STRAIGHTLINES
11. Transform the equation √3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 into (a) slope-intercept form (b) intercept form and (c) normal form.
12. A straight line through 𝑄(√3, 2) makes an angle 𝜋/6 with the positive direction of x axis .If the straight line intersects the
line √3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8 = 0 at P , find the distance PQ .
13. Find the points on the line 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 1 = 0 which are at a distance of 5 units from the point (3,2)
14. If the straight lines 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + 𝑎 = 0 and cx+ay+b=0 are concurrent, then prove that 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐.
LIMITS AND CONTINUITY
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎−𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
15. Compute lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
cos𝑎𝑥−cos𝑏𝑥
if 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥2
16. Show that 𝑓(𝑥) = {1 where a and b are real constants, is contimuous at 𝑥 = 0.
2
(𝑏 2
− 𝑎2 ) if 𝑥 = 0
17. Check the continuity of ’ f ’ given by
𝑓(𝑥) = {
(𝑥 2 − 9)/(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3) if 0 < 𝑥 < 5 and 𝑥 ≠ 3 at the point x = 3.
1.5 if 𝑥 = 3
DIFFERENTIATION
𝟏𝟖. Find the derivative of tan2x by using first principle
𝟏𝟗. Find the derivative of sec3x by using first principle.
20. Find the derivative of cos ax by using first principle
𝑑𝑦 log𝑥
21. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , then show that = (1+log𝑥)2.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin2 (𝑎+𝑦)
22. If sin𝑦 = 𝑥sin(𝑎 + 𝑦), then show that =
𝑑𝑥 sin𝑎
TANGENTS & NOMINALS
𝑥 −𝑥
𝑎
23. Find the lengths of normal and sub normal at a point on the curve 𝑦 = (𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑒 𝑎 )
2
24. Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2 at (4,2).
25.Show that at any point ( x, y ) on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑒 𝑥/𝑎 , the length of the sub-tangent is a constant and the length of the sub
𝑦2
normal is 𝑎
26. Find the equations of tangent and normal to the curve 𝑥𝑦 = 10 at (2,5).
RATE OF CHANGE
27. The distance –time formula for the motion of a particle along a straight line S=t3-9t2+24t-18 then find when and where the
velocity is zero.
28. A point P is moving on the curve y=2x2.The x co-ordinate of P is increasing at the rate of 4 unit per second .Find the rate at
which the y co-ordinate is increasing when the point is at(2,8).
29. The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 9 cubic centimeters per second. How fast is the surface area increasing
when the length of the edge is 10 centimeters?
30. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 8cm3/sec. How fast is the surface area increasing when the length of an
edge is 12 cm .
MATHS IB IMPORTANT VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
STRAIGHT LINES
1. Find the condition for the points (𝑎, 0), (ℎ, 𝑘) and (0, 𝑏) where 𝑎𝑏 ≠ 0 to be collinear.
2. Find the area of the triangle formed by the straight line 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2 = 0 with the coordinate axes.
3.Find the equation of the straight line passing through (−4,5) and cutting off equal nonzero intercepts on the coordinate axes.
4. Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point (−2, −3) to the straight line 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4 = 0.
5. Find the distance between the parallel straight lines 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 4 = 0,10𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 9 = 0
6. Find the value of 𝑦, if the line joining (3, 𝑦) and (2,7) is parallel to the line joining the points (−1,4) and (0,6).
7. Find the equation of the straight line passing through (2,3) and making non-zero intercepts on the co-ordinate axes whose
sum is zero.
8. Find the equation of the straight line passing through (−2,4) and making non-zero intercepts on the co-ordinate axes whose
sum is zero.
3D-COORDINATES
9. Find the coordinates of the vertex’ C’ of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 if its centroid is the origin and the vertices A, B are (1,1,1) and (−2,4,1)
respectively.
10. Find the centroid of the tetrahedron whose vertices are (2,3, −4), (−3,3, −2), (−1,4,2), (3,5,1)
11. If (3,2, −1), (4,1,1) and (6,2,5) are three vertices and (4,2,2) is the centroid of a tetrahedron, find the fourth vertex.
12.Find the fourth vertex of the parallelogram whose consecutive vertices are (2,4,-1), (3,6,-1) and(4,5,1)
PLANES
13. Find the angle between the planes 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 5 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 8 = 0.
14. Find the equation of the plane whose intercepts on 𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍 - axes are 1,2,4 respectively.
15. Transform the equation 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 5 = 0 into intercept form.
16. Find the intercepts of the plane 4x+3y-2z+2=0 on the coordinate axes.
17. Find the direction cosines of the normal to the plane x+2y+2-4=0.
18. Reduce the equation x+2y-3z-6=0 of the plane in to the normal form.
LIMITS
√1+𝑥−1 3𝑥 −1
19. Findlim𝑥→0 ( ). 20. Find lim𝑥→0 ( ).
𝑥 √1+𝑥−1
𝑒 𝑥 −1 𝑎 𝑥 −1
21. Compute lim𝑥→0 ( ). 22. Compute lim𝑥→0 𝑏𝑥 −1
√1+𝑥−1
sin(𝑎+𝑏𝑥)−sin(𝑎−𝑏𝑥) 1−cos2𝑚𝑥
23. Find lim𝑥→0 24. Compute Lt 𝑥→0 sin2 𝑛𝑥
𝑥
11𝑥 3 −3𝑥+4 8|𝑥|+3𝑥
25. Find lim𝑥→∞ 13𝑥 3−5𝑥 2−7 26 Findlim𝑥→∞ 3|𝑥|−2𝑥.
𝑒 𝑥−3 −𝑒 3
27. Compute lim 𝑥
𝑥→0
DIFFERENTIATION
28. If f (x)=1+ 𝑥 +𝑥 2 +……….+𝑥100 then find 𝑓 ′ (1).
2𝑥+3
29. If y=4𝑥+5 the find y”.
30. If 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝑏𝑥 −𝑛 then PT 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)𝑦.
𝑑𝑦
31. If 𝑦 = sec(√tan𝑥), then find .
𝑑𝑥
32. If 𝑓(𝑥) = log(sec𝑥 + tan𝑥), then find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).
𝑑𝑦
33. If 𝑦 = log(sin−1 (𝑒 𝑥 )) then find 𝑑𝑥.
34. If𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 2𝑥 log𝑥, then find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).
𝑑𝑦
35. If 𝑦 = cos[log(cot𝑥)] then find𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦
36. If 𝑥 = 𝑎cos3 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑎sin3 𝑡, then find
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
37. If 𝑦 = log(sin(log𝑥)), find 𝑑𝑥 .
38.If 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑛𝑥 then prove that 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑛2 𝑦.
39. Find the derivative of 20log(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
ERRORS & APPROXIMATIONS
40. Find 𝛥𝑦 and d y if 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6. When x = 10, 𝛥𝑥 = 0.01
41. Find the approximate value of √82
42. If the increase in the side of a square is 4%. Then find the approximate percentage of increase in the area of square.
43. If the increase in the side of a square is 2%. Then find the approximate percentage of increase in the area of square.
MEANVALUE THEOREMS
44. State Rolle ’s Theorem
45. State Lagrange’s theorem