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Circular_motion Lesson 4 Revised

The document provides calculations for centripetal force in various scenarios, including a ball, Earth, and an electron. It also includes calculations for a banked curve for cars, forces on a pilot in a loop, satellite acceleration, and a fairground ride. Additionally, it covers roller coaster dynamics, including minimum velocity at the top of a loop and height from which cars must descend.

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3 views

Circular_motion Lesson 4 Revised

The document provides calculations for centripetal force in various scenarios, including a ball, Earth, and an electron. It also includes calculations for a banked curve for cars, forces on a pilot in a loop, satellite acceleration, and a fairground ride. Additionally, it covers roller coaster dynamics, including minimum velocity at the top of a loop and height from which cars must descend.

Uploaded by

20thead
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIRCULAR MOTION - answers

(Take g = 9.8ms-2 unless otherwise stated)

1. Calculate the centripetal force in the following cases:


(a) a ball of mass 150 g is spun in a horizontal circle of radius 3m at 5 ms-1
F = mv2/r = 0.15x25/3 = 1.25 N
(b) the Earth (mass 6x1024 kg) orbits the Sun once every year (3x107 s), orbit radius 1.5x1011 m
F = [6x1024x(2xx1.5x1011/3x107)2]/1.5x1011 = [6x1024x(3.14x104)2]/1.5x1011 = 3.95x1022 N
(c) an electron (mass 9x10-31 kg) orbits a nucleus in 1.6x10-16s, orbit radius 10-10 m
F = [9x10-31x(2xx10-10/1.6x10-16)2]/10-10 = [9x10-31x(3.93x106)2]/10-10 = 1.39x10-7 N

3. A motorway interchange includes a smooth bend of radius 23 m. At what angle must it be banked
so that a car can take the bend in an unpowered state at 20 ms-1?
tanA = v2/rg = 400/23x9.8 = 1.775 Therefore: A = 60.6o

4. A pilot in a stunt plane loops the loop in a vertical circle of radius 0.45 km at a constant speed of
250 km/hour. If the pilot has a mass of 75 kg calculate:
(a) the maximum resultant force on the pilot (b) the minimum resultant force on the pilot stating
where in the loop each occurs
(a) Maximum = mv2/r + mg = 75x69.42/450 + 75x9.8 = 803 + 735 = 1538 N bottom of loop
(b) Minimum = mv2/r – mg = 75x69.42/450 - 75x9.8 = 803 – 735 = 68 N top of the loop

5. (a) Calculate the acceleration of a satellite orbiting the Earth at a distance of 42000 km from the
its centre with an orbit time of 1 day (86400s).
(a) a = v2/r = (2r/T)2/r = (2xx42x106/86400)2/42x106 = 9.329x106/42x106 = 0.22 ms-2
(b) what might such a satellite be used for? communication

6. A fairground ride consists of cars suspended from wire 5 m long. If the ride rotates so that the
wires make an angle of 25° with the vertical calculate:
(a) the orbit radius
(b) the orbit velocity
(c) the centripetal force on a car and passengers of mass 150 kg
(d) the orbit radius for a car and passengers of mass 200 kg
(a) Orbit radius (r) = 5sin25 = 2.11 m
(b) tan 25 = v2/rg Therefore: v2 = rg tan 25 = 2.11x9.8x0.466 = 9.62 v = 3.11 ms-1
(c) Force = mv2/r = 150x3.112/2.11 = 685 N
(d) 2.11 m

7. On a roller coaster cars start from rest at the top of a hill and then run down, going round a vertical
loop of radius 6m. If the track is frictionless calculate:
(a) the minimum velocity at the top of the loop
(b) the velocity at the bottom of the loop
(c) the height of the hill from which they must descend assuming that the track is frictionless
(a) mv2/r = mg Therefore: v2 = rg = 6x9.8 = 58.8 and so v = 7.67 ms-1
(b) Using vB2 = u2 + 2gh vB2 = 2x9.8x12 = 235 and so vB = 15.33 ms-1
Total velocity at the bottom = 15.33 + 7.67 = 23 ms -1
(c) h = 2.5r = 15m

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