Tutorials-1

Otto cycle
Otto cycle
1. In an Otto cycle air at 1bar and 290K is compressed isentropically until the pressure is 15bar. The heat is
added at constant volume until the pressure rises to 40bar. Calculate the air standard efficiency and mean
effective pressure for the cycle. Take Cv=0.717 kJ/kg K and R = 8.314 kJ/kg K.

2. A four stroke SI engine has the compression ratio of 6 and swept volume of 0.15 m3. Pressure and
temperature at the beginning of compression are 98 kPa and 60ºC. Determine the pressure, volume and
temperatures at all salient points if heat supplied to it is 150 kJ/kg. Also find out entropy change, work done,
efficiency and mean effective pressure of cycle assuming cp = 1 kJ/kg · K, cv = 0.71 kJ/kg · K. Also plot the
cycle on T-S diagram.

3. An engine works on Otto cycle. The initial pressure and temperature of the air is 1 bar and 400C. 825 kJ of
heat is supplied per kg of air at the end of the compression. Find the temperature and pressure at all salient
point if the compression ratio is 6. Also find the efficiency and mean effective pressure for the cycle.
Assume air is used as working fluid and take all ideal conditions.
Diesel cycle
4. A diesel engine operating an air standard diesel cycle has 20 cm bore and 30cm stroke. The clearance
volume is 420cm3.if the fuel is injected at 5% of the stroke, find the air standard efficiency.

5. Estimate the loss in air standard efficiency for the diesel engine for the compression ratio 14 and the cutoff
changes from 6% to 13% of the stroke.

6. In a 75 kW Diesel engine during the compression process, pressure is seen to be 138 kPa at1/8 th of
stroke and 1.38 MPa at 7/8 th of stroke. The cut-off occurs at 1/15 th of stroke. Calculate air standard
efficiency and compression ratio. Assuming indicated thermal efficiency to be half of ideal efficiency,
mechanical efficiency as 0.8, calorific value of fuel = 41800 kJ/kg. Also find overall efficiency and fuel
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consumption. [R= 19.37, RC= 2.22, 63.25%, 9.45 X 10 kg/sec]

7. An engine with 200 mm cylinder diameter and 300 mm stroke works on theoretical Diesel cycle. The initial
pressure and temperature of air used are 1 bar and 270C. The cut-off is 8% of the stroke. Determine (i)
pressure and temperature at all salient points (ii) Theoretical air standard efficiency (iii) mean effective
pressure (iv) power of the engine if the working cycles per minute are 380. Assume that compression ratio
is 15 and working fluid is air

8. A diesel engine operating on the air-standard Diesel cycle has six cylinders of 100 mm bore and 120 mm
stroke. The engine speed is 1800 rpm. At the beginning of compression the pressure and temperature of air
are 1.03 bar and 35 ◦C. If the clearance volume is 1/8th of the stroke volume, calculate (i) the pressure and
temperature at the salient points of the cycle (ii) the compression ratio (iii) the efficiency of the cycle and (iv)
the power output if the air is heated to 1500 ◦C Assume Cp and Cv of air to be 1.004 and 0.717 kJ/kg K
respectively.[ 22.32 bar,468.6◦C, 769.9◦C,3.49 bar,49.12%, 56.45 kW]

9. The volume ratios of compression and expansion for a diesel engine as measured from an indicator
diagram are 15.3 and 7.5 respectively. The pressure and temperature at the beginning of the compression
are 1 bar and 27°C. Assuming an ideal engine, determine the mean effective pressure, the ratio of
maximum pressure to mean effective pressure and cycle efficiency. Also find the fuel consumption per kWh
if the indicated thermal efficiency is 0.5 of ideal efficiency, mechanical efficiency is 0.8 and the calorific
value of oil 42000 kJ/kg [7.017 bar, 6.49, 60.48%, 0.354 kg/kWh.]

Dual Cycle
10. An oil engine working on the dual combustion cycle has a compression ratio 15 and the explosion ratio
obtained from an indicator card is 1.3. If the cut-off occurs at 6 per cent of stroke, find the ideal efficiency.
Take γ for air = 1.4.

Unit-1 Dr.AM/CEG 1
 11. An air standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 16, and compression begins at 1 bar, 50°C. The
maximum pressure is 70 bar. The heat transferred to air at constant pressure is equal to that at constant
volume. Estimate (a) the pressures and temperatures at the cardinal points of the cycle, (b) the cycle
efficiency, and (c) the m.e.p. of the cycle, cv = 0.718 kJ/kg K, cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K.

12. The Swept volume of a diesel engine working on Dual Cycle is 0.0053 m3 and Clearance volume is
0.00035 m3 the maximum pressure is 65 bar. Fuel Injection ends at 5 percent of the stroke. The
temperature and pressure at the start of the compression are 800C and 0.9 bar. Determine the air standard
efficiency of the cycle.
3
13. A Diesel engine working on a dual combustion cycle has a stroke volume of 0.0085 m and a compression
ratio 15 :1. The fuel has a calorific value of 43890 kJ/kg. At the end of suction, the air is at 1 bar and 100°C.
The maximum pressure in the cycle is 65 bar and air fuel ratio is 21 : 1. Find for ideal cycle the thermal
efficiency and mep. Assume cp = 1.0 and cv = 0.71 kJ/kg K. [Wnet= 10.845 kJ, 61.76%]
Atkinson, Stirling, Ericsson Cycle

14. A perfect gas undergoes a cycle which consists of the following processes taken in order: (a) Heat rejection
at constant pressure. (b) Adiabatic compression from 1 bar and 27°C to 4 bar (c) Heat addition at constant
volume to a final pressure of 16 bar (d) Adiabatic expansion to 1 bar. Calculate: (i) Work done/kg of gas. (ii)
Efficiency of the cycle. Take: Cp = 0.92, Cv = 0.75. [282.6 kJ/kg, 32.6%]

15. An Ericsson cycle operates on air with compression ratio of 10. The pressure at the beginning of the
isothermal compression is 200kPa. An ideal regenerator works between 873K and 373K Determine the net
specific work output and specific heat input.[W=208kJ/kg, 57.3%,Qs=364 kJkg].

16. Consider an ideal Ericsson cycle with air as the working fluid executed in a steady-flow system. Air is at
27°C and 120 kPa at the beginning of the isothermal compression process, during which 150 kJ/kg of heat
is rejected. Heat transfer to air occurs at 1200 K. Determine (a) the maximum pressure in the cycle, (b) the
net work output per unit mass of air, and (c) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. [(a) 685 kPa, (b) 450 kJ/kg,
(c) 75%]

17. An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the working fluid operates between temperature limits of 300 and
2000 K and pressure limits of 150 kPa and 3 MPa. Assuming the mass of the helium used in the cycle is
0.12 kg, determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, (b) the amount of heat transfer in the regenerator,
and (c) the work output per cycle. The gas constant and the specific heat of helium at room temperature are
R = 2.0769 kJ/kg.K, cv = 3.1156 kJ/kg.K and cp = 5.1926 kJ/kg.K [85%, Q reg=635.6kJ, 465kJ].

Unit-1 Dr.AM/CEG 1