1

(5) N = a ⋅ 3kt ; N = 10 000 000; a = 3 000; k =

4
1t
∴ 3 000 ⋅ 3 4 = 10 000 000
1t 10 000
∴ 34 =
3
1 ⎛ 10 000 ⎞
∴ t = log 3 ⎜
4 ⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
1
∴ t = 7, 3836
4
∴t = 29,53 hours

(f) (1) pH = − logC; C = 0,000004

∴pH = − log(0,000004)
∴pH = 5, 4

(2) pH = − logC; pH = 2, 4
∴2, 4 = − logC
∴logC = −2, 4
∴C = 10 −2,4
∴C = 3,981× 10 −3

CONSOLIDATION AND EXTENSION EXERCISE

(a) (1) For f : y = −2x + 4

For f −1: x = −2y + 4
∴2y = −x + 4
−x + 4
∴y =
2
−x + 4
∴ f −1 (x) =
2

(2) For f : y = −2x + 4

For g: − y = −2x + 4
∴ y = 2x − 4
∴ g(x) = 2x − 4

125
 (3) y

4 g

2 4 x
f −1

−4

(4) y = −2x + 4; y = x
∴−2x + 4 = x
∴−3x = −4
4
∴x =
3
⎛ 4 4⎞
∴⎜ ; ⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠

x
⎛ 1⎞
(b) (1) For h: y = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
y
⎛ 1⎞
For h −1: x = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
∴ y = log 1 x
4
−1
∴h (x) = log 1 x
4

126
 x
⎛ 1⎞
(2) For h: y = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
−x
⎛ 1⎞
For f : y = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
∴ y = 4x
∴ f (x) = 4 x
∴a = 4
y

h f

1 x

h −1

(c) (1) For g: y = −2x 2 ; x≥0 y≤0

For h: − y = −2x ; 2
x≥0 −y ≤ 0
∴ y = 2x ; 2
x≥0 y≥0
∴h(x) = 2x 2 ; x≥0

(2) For g: y = −2x 2 ; x≥0 y≤0

For g −1: x = −2y 2 ; y≥0 x≤0
1
∴ y2 = − x
2
1
∴y = ± − x but y ≥ 0
2
1
∴ g −1 (x) = − x
2

127
(3) Points for g: Points for g −1: Points for h:
(0 ; 0) (0 ; 0) (0 ; 0)
(1; − 2) ( − 2 ; 1) (1; 2)
(2 ; − 8) ( − 8 ; 2) (2 ; 8)
y h

(1; 2)
−1
g

(−2;1)

0 x

(1; −2)

(4)(i) For g: y = −2x 2 ; x≥0 y≤0

For f : y = −2(−x) ; 2
−x ≥ 0 y≤0
∴ y = −2x ; 2
x≤0 y≤0
∴ f (x) = −2x 2 ; x≤0

(ii) For f : y = −2x 2 ; x≤0 y≤0

−1
For f : x = −2y ; 2
y≤0 x≤0
1
∴ y2 = − x
2
1
∴y = ± − x but y ≤ 0
2
1
∴ f −1 (x) = − − x
2

128
 (iii) Points for f : Points for f −1:
(0 ; 0) (0 ; 0)
(−1; − 2) (−2 ; − 1)
(−2 ; − 8) (−8 ; − 2)

y
y=x

0 x
(−2; −1)

f −1 (−1; −2)

(d) f (x) = − 3x
(1) D f : x ≥ 0
Rf:y ≤ 0

(2) For f : y = − 3x x≥0 y≤0

For f −1: x = − 3y y≥0 x≤0
∴ x 2 = 3y
1
∴ y = x2 x≤0
3
1 2
∴ f −1 (x) = x x≤0
3

129
(3) Points for f −1: Points for f :
(0 ; 0) (0 ; 0)
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛1 ⎞
⎜⎝ −1; ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ; − 1⎟⎠
3 3
⎛ 4⎞ ⎛4 ⎞
⎜⎝ −2 ; ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ; − 2 ⎟⎠
3 3

f −1

( −1; 13 )
0 x
( 1
3 ; −1)

y=x

(4)(i) For f : y = − 3x x≥0 y≤0

For g: y = − 3(−x) −x ≥ 0 y≤0
∴ y = − −3x x≤0 y≤0
∴ g(x) = − −3x

(ii) For f : y = − 3x x≥0 y≤0

For h: − y = − 3x x≥0 −y ≤ 0
∴ y = 3x x≥0 y≥0
∴h(x) = 3x

130
(e) (1)(i) h is a one-to-one function.

(ii) g is not a function.

(2) R f : y ≥ 0

(3) Yes.

(4) x ≥ 0 or x≤0

(f) (1) f (x) = −2 −x

Df :x ≤ 0
Rf:y ≤ 0

(2) For f : y = −2 −x x≤0 y≤0

For g: x = −2 −y y≤0 x≤0
x
∴− = −y
2
1
∴ y = − x2 x≤0
4

1
(3) Solve y = − x 2 and y=x
4
1
∴− x 2 = x
4
∴ x + 4x = 0
2

∴ x(x + 4) = 0
∴ x = 0 or x = −4
∴P(−4 ; − 4)

(4) f (x) ≤ g(x) if − 4 ≤ x ≤ 0

(5) For f : y = −2 −x x≤0 y≤0

For h: − y = −2 −x x≤0 −y≤0
∴ y = 2 −x
∴h(x) = 2 −x

(g) (1) f (x) = ax 2 and P( − 4 ; 8)

∴8 = a(−4)2
1
∴a =
2
1
∴ f (x) = x 2 x≤0
2

131
 1 2
(2)(i) For f : y = x x≤0 y≥0
2
1
For f −1: x = y 2 y≤0 x≥0
2
∴ y = ± 2x but y≤0
∴ f −1 (x) = − 2x

(ii) For f −1: y = − 2x x≥0 y≤0

For g: y = − 2(−x) −x ≥ 0 y≤0
∴ g(x) = − −2x x≤0 y≤0

(iii)* f −1 (x) = − 2x
∴h(x) = − 2(x + 2)
∴h(x) = − 2x + 4

(3)(i) P(−4 ; 8) ⇒ P'(8 ; − 4)

(ii) P(−4 ; 8) ⇒ P''(−8 ; − 4)

(iii) P(−4 ; 8) ⇒ P'''(6 ; − 4)

(4)*(i) y-intercept: Let x = 0:

y = − 2(0) + 4
∴ y = −2
∴L (0 ; − 2)

(ii) h(x) = − 2x + 4 and g(x) = − −2x

∴− 2x + 4 = − −2x
∴2x + 4 = −2x
∴ 4x = −4
∴ x = −1
Substitute x = −1 into y = − −2x:
∴ y = − −2(−1)
∴y = − 2
(
∴Q −1; − 2 )

132
(h) (1) g(x) = (b)x and f (x) = a x (reflect in y-axis)
∴ g(x) = (a)− x
x
⎛ 1⎞
=⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
1
∴b =
a

(2)(i) R g : y > 0
(ii) D h : x > 0

(3)(i) A(0 ; 1)
(ii) B(1; 0)

⎛ 3 ⎞
(4) f (x) = a x and P ⎜ − ; 27 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
− 23
∴a = 27
∴a −3 = 27
1
∴a =
3
1
and b =
a
∴b = 3

x
⎛ 1⎞
(5) For f : y = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
y
⎛ 1⎞
For h: x = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
∴ y = log 1 x
3

∴h(x) = log 1 x
3

⎛ 3⎞
(6) Q ⎜ 27 ; − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠

(i) (1) f (x) = logb x and P(8 ; − 3)

∴−3 = logb 8
∴8 = b −3
1
∴b 3 =
8
1
∴b =
2

133
 (2) For f : y = log 1 x
2
−1
For f : x = log 1 y
2
x
⎛ 1⎞
∴y = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
x
−1 ⎛ 1⎞
∴ f (x) = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠

(3)(i) A(1; 0) (ii) B(0 ; 1)

(4)(i) 0 < x ≤ 1 (ii) x ≥ 0

(iii) x > 8 (iv) x < −3

(j)* (1) D f : 0 < x ≤ 1

⎛1 2⎞
(2) f (x) = log a x and point ⎜ ; − ⎟
⎝4 3⎠
2 ⎛ 1⎞
∴− = log a ⎜ ⎟
3 ⎝ 4⎠
−2 1
∴a 3 =
4
2
∴a 3 = 4
3
∴a = (2 2 ) 2
∴a = 8

⎛ 2⎞ 1
(3) f −1 ⎜ − ⎟ =
⎝ 3⎠ 4

(4) For f : y = log 8 x 0 < x ≤1 y≤0

For f −1: x = log 8 y 0 < y ≤1 x ≤ 0
∴ y = (8)x
∴ f −1 (x) = 8 x x≤0

(5) R f −1 : 0 < y ≤ 1

(k)* (1) D w : −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 (2) R w : − 3 ≤ y ≤ 3

(3) W is a function.

134
 y
(4)(i) y = −W(x)
(−2; 3) (2; 3)

(−4 ; −3) (4 ; −3)

(4)(ii) y = W(−x) y

(−4; 3) (4; 3)

(−2 ; −3) (2 ; −3)

(4)(iii) x = W(y) y
(3; 4)

(−3; 2)

(−3 ; −2)
(3 ; − 4)

(5) y = W(x) −4 ≤ x ≤ 2 and 2 ≤ x ≤ 4

135
(l)* f (x) = 3x + d
⎛ 9 9⎞
(1) Point of intersection of f and f −1: ⎜ − ; − ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠
9 ⎛ 9⎞
∴− = 3⎜ − ⎟ + d
2 ⎝ 2⎠
27 9
∴ − =d
2 2
18
∴d = =9
2

(2) For f : y = 3x + 9
For f −1: x = 3y + 9
x−9
∴y =
3
1
∴ f −1 (x) = x−3
3
1
∴m = and c = −3
3

(m)* (1) f (x) = x + a and f −1 (x) = g(x) = x + b

f:y = x+a
f −1: x = y + a
∴y = x − a
∴x − a = x +b
∴b = −a

(2) h: y = mx + c
h −1: x = my + c
∴ my = x − c
x−c
∴y =
m
1 c
y= x−
m m
1
but =m (h is its own inverse)
m
∴ m2 = 1
∴ m = 1 or m = −1
N.A.
(c ≠ 0)
∴ m = −1

136
(n)** f (x) = x 2 + bx
(1) x 2 + bx = x (solve: y = x 2 + bx and y = x)
but x = p: p 2 + bp = p
∴bp = p − p 2
p − p2
∴b =
p
∴b = 1− p
and p = 1− b
but p = q
∴q = 1− b

(2) No.

(3) f is restricted at the turning point.

b
∴x = −
2(1)
b
∴x = −
2
but x = t
b
∴t = −
2

(o)** (1) f (x) = sin x; − 90° ≤ x ≤ 90°

(2) f (x) = cos x; 0° ≤ x ≤ 180°

(3) f (x) = tan x; − 90° < x < 90°

137