Chapter 8—Thermochemistry

MULTIPLE CHOICE

2. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. A system is defined as an object or collection of objects being studied.
2. Surroundings are defined as the entire universe, excluding the system.
3. In an endothermic reaction, heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings.

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D

3. Which of the following processes is/are endothermic?

1. the combustion of hydrogen
2. the condensation of water
3. the evaporation of isopropyl alcohol

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 3
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C

4. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

a. the value of q is negative in an endothermic process.
b. heat flows from the system into the surroundings in an exothermic process.
c. the value of q is positive when heat flows into a system from the surroundings.
d. enthalpy is a state property.
e. in an endothermic process heat flows from the surroundings into the system.
ANS: A
5. How many joules are equivalent to 1.50  103 calories?
a. 1.50  10 J
b. 3.59  102 J
c. 6.28  103 J
d. 3.59  105 J
e. 6.28  106 J
ANS: C

6. Specific heat (c) is defined as

a. the quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of 1.00 g of a substance by 1C.
b. the quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of 1.00 g of a substance by 4.184C.
c. the capacity of a substance to gain or lose 1.00 J of energy in the form of heat.
d. the temperature change undergone when 1.00 g of a substance absorbs 4.184 J.
e. the maximum amount of energy in the form of heat that 1.00 g of a substance may absorb
without decomposing.
ANS: A

7. If the same amount of energy in the form of heat is added to 5.00 g samples of each of the metals
below, which metal will undergo the largest temperature change?

Metal Specific Heat (J/gC)

Ag 0.235
Al 0.897
Cu 0.385
Fe 0.449
Hg 0.140

a. Ag
b. Al
c. Cu
d. Fe
e. Hg
ANS: E

8. Aluminum has a specific heat of 0.902 J/gC. How many joules of heat are required to change the
temperature of 8.50 grams of aluminum from 25.0C to 93.4C?
a. 7.67 J
b. 71.7 J
c. 192 J
d. 483 J
e. 524 J
ANS: E

9. If 50.0 g of benzene, C6H6, at 25.0C absorbs 2.71 kJ of energy in the form of heat, what is the final
temperature of the benzene? The specific heat of benzene is 1.72 J/gC.
a. 25.0C
b. 31.5C
c. 56.5C
d. 32.3C
e. 57.3C
 ANS: C

10. Copper has a specific heat of 0.382 J/gC. The temperature of an unknown mass of copper increases
by 4.50C when it absorbs 3.97 J of heat. What is the mass of the copper?
a. 2.31 g
b. 4.90 g
c. 6.82 g
d. 8.85 g
e. 46.8 g
ANS: A

11. The heat capacity of 5.00 grams of iron is 2.23 J/C. How much heat is required to change the
temperature of the iron by 50.0C?
a. 0.223 J
b. 22.3 J
c. 112 J
d. 558 J
e. 612 J
ANS: C

12. If 495 J is required to change the temperature of 12.7 g of sodium chloride from 75.0C to 135C,
what is the specific heat of sodium chloride?
a. 0.866 J/gC
b. 2.60 J/gC
c. 0.650 J/gC
d. 1.15 J/gC
e. 2.83  105 J/gC
ANS: C

13. Water has a specific heat of 4.18 J/gC. If 35.0 g of water at 98.8C loses 4.94 kJ of heat, what is the
final temperature of the water?
a. 32.0C
b. 46.2C
c. 47.2C
d. 57.2C
e. 65.0C
ANS: E

14. When 66.0 g of an unknown metal at 28.5C is placed in 83.0 g H2O at 78.5C, the water temperature
decreases to 75.9C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal? The specific heat capacity of
water is 4.184 J/gC.
a. 0.055 J/gC
b. 0.29 J/gC
c. 0.69 J/gC
d. 0.18 J/gC
e. 2.6 J/gC
ANS: B
15. If 35.0 g H2O at 22.7C is combined with 65.0 g H2O at 87.5C, what is the final temperature of the
mixture? The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/gC.
a. 25.1C
b. 45.4C
c. 50.8C
d. 64.8C
e. 48.9C
ANS: D

16. A coffee-cup calorimeter contains 50.0 g of water at 60.51C. A 12.4 g piece of graphite at 24.21C is
placed in the calorimeter. The final temperature of the water and the carbon is 59.02C. Calculate the
specific heat of carbon. The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/gC.
a. 0.328 J/gC
b. 0.639 J/gC
c. 0.692 J/gC
d. 0.721 J/gC
e. 1.39 J/gC
ANS: D

17. A coffee-cup calorimeter contains 10.0 g of water at 59.00C. If 3.00 g gold at 15.20C is placed in the
calorimeter, what is the final temperature of the water in the calorimeter? The specific heat of water is
4.18 J/gC; the specific heat of gold is 0.128 J/gC.
a. 55.37C
b. 58.60C
c. 59.40C
d. 60.80C
e. 64.19C
ANS: B

18. When 10.0 g KOH is dissolved in 100.0 g of water in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the temperature rises
from 25.18 C to 47.53 C. What is the enthalpy change per gram of KOH dissolved in the water?
Assume that the solution has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/gK.
a. –116 J/g
b. –934 J/g
c. –1.03  103 J/g
d. –2.19  103 J/g
e. –1.03  104 J/g
ANS: C

19. When 1.75 g of CaCl2 dissolves in 125 g of water in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the temperature
increases by 2.44C. What is the heat change per mole of CaCl2 dissolved in water? Assume that all
the heat is absorbed by the water (c = 4.18 J/gC).
a. 11.3 kJ
b. 728 J
c. 1.13 kJ
d. 80.9 kJ
e. 91.9 kJ
ANS: D
20. Commercial cold packs consist of solid ammonium nitrate and water. NH4NO3 absorbs 25.69 kJ of
heat per mole dissolved in water. In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 5.60 g NH4NO3 is dissolved in 100.0 g
of water at 22.0C. What is the final temperature of the solution? Assume that the solution has a
specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/gC.
a. 0.0C
b. 17.9C
c. 11.6C
d. –54.8C
e. 26.1C
ANS: B

21. A chemical reaction in a bomb calorimeter evolves 3.15 kJ of heat. If the temperature of the
calorimeter is raised from 19.19C to 22.03C, what is the heat capacity of the calorimeter?
a. 1.11 kJ/C
b. 2.01 kJ/C
c. 8.95 kJ/C
d. 14.5 kJ/C
e. 69.4 kJ/C
ANS: A

22. The combustion of benzoic acid, C7H6O2, can be used to determine the heat capacity of a bomb
calorimeter. The heat evolved per mole of benzoic acid combusted is 3.09  103 kJ. If the combustion
of 1.000 g of benzoic acid increases the temperature of a calorimeter by 7.53C. What is the heat
capacity of the calorimeter?
a. 1.36 kJ/C
b. 3.36 kJ/C
c. 4.10 kJ/C
d. 51.3 kJ/C
e. 191 kJ/C
ANS: B

23. Acetylene, C2H2, is a gas used in welding. The molar enthalpy of combustion for acetylene is –2599
kJ. A mass of 0.338 g C2H2(g) is combusted in a bomb calorimeter. If the heat capacity of the
calorimeter is 5.54 kJ/C, what is the temperature increase of the bomb calorimeter?
a. 1.59C
b. 6.09C
c. 7.01C
d. 12.3C
e. 18.0C
ANS: B
24. Isooctane is a primary component of gasoline and gives gasoline its octane rating. Burning 1.00 mL of
isooctane (d = 0.688g/mL) releases 33.0 kJ of heat. When 10.0 mL of isooctane is burned in a bomb
calorimeter, the temperature in the bomb increases from 23.2C to 66.5C. What is the heat capacity of
the bomb calorimeter?
a. 11.2 kJ/C
b. 3.68 kJ/C
c. 7.62 kJ/C
d. 3.68 kJ/C
e. 7.62 kJ/C
ANS: E

25. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. At constant pressure the heat flow for a reaction equals the change in enthalpy.
2. H for a reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to H for the reverse
reaction.
3. Enthalpy is a state function.

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 3
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: E

26. Iron oxide reacts with aluminum in an exothermic reaction.

Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s)  2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)
The reaction of 5.00 g Fe2O3 with excess Al evolves 26.6 kJ of energy in the form of heat. Calculate
the enthalpy change per mole of Fe2O3 reacted.
a. –5.32 kJ
b. –1.33  102 kJ
c. –2.12  104 kJ
d. –2.12  102 kJ
e. –8.50  102 kJ
ANS: E

27. Methane, CH4, reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat.
CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = 890.3 kJ
What is the value of H if 5.00 g of CH4 is combusted?
a. 157 kJ
b. 277 kJ
c. 445 kJ
d. 714 kJ
e. 1.43  104 kJ
ANS: B
28. If 25.0 g H2O at 85.0C is mixed in a coffee-cup calorimeter with 15.0 g H2O at 20.0C, what is the
final temperature of the mixture? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/gC.
a. 45.6C
b. 52.5C
c. 60.6C
d. 68.4C
e. 183C
ANS: C

29. 10.0 g of ice at 0.00C is mixed with 25.0 g of water at 35.00C in a coffee-cup calorimeter. What is
the final temperature of the mixture? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/gC; the heat of fusion of
water is 333 J/g.
a. 0.00C
b. 2.24C
c. 5.22C
d. 25.0C
e. 47.8C
ANS: B

30. 30.0 g H2O at an unknown temperature is mixed with 27.0 g of water at 15.8C in a coffee-cup
calorimeter. If the final temperature of the mixture is 29.1C, what is the initial temperature of the
water?
a. 23.7C
b. 31.1C
c. 39.7C
d. 41.1C
e. 46.7C
ANS: D

31. Determine the heat of reaction for the decomposition of one mole of benzene to acetylene,
C6H6(l)  3C2H2(g)
given the following thermochemical equations:
2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g)  12CO 2(g) + 6H2O(g) H = 6271 kJ
2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) H = 2511 kJ

a. 631 kJ
b. 1262 kJ
c. 3760 kJ
d. 6902 kJ
e. 8782 kJ
ANS: A
32. Determine the heat of evaporation of carbon disulfide,
CS2(l)  CS2(g)
given the enthalpies of reaction below.
C(s) + 2S(s)  CS2(l) H = +89.4 kJ
C(s) + 2S(s)  CS2(g) H = +116.7 kJ

a. –206.1 kJ
b. –27.3 kJ
c. +27.3 kJ
d. +206.1 kJ
e. +1.31 kJ
ANS: C

33. Determine the heat of reaction for the combustion of sulfur dioxide,
2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
given the following thermochemical equations:
S8(s) + 8O2(g)  8SO2(g) H = 2374.6 kJ
S8(s) + 12O2(g)  8SO3(g) H = 3165.8 kJ

a. 5540.4 kJ
b. 1385.1 kJ
c. 197.8 kJ
d. 251.7 kJ
e. 791.2 kJ
ANS: C

34. Determine the heat of formation of sulfuric acid, H2SO4(l), from the following thermochemical
equations:
S8(s) + 8O2(g)  8SO2(g) H = 2374.6 kJ
S8(s) + 12O2(g)  8SO3(g) H = 3165.8 kJ
H2O(l) + SO3(g)  H2SO4(l) H = 132.4 kJ
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l) H = 571.7 kJ

a. 814.0 kJ
b. 1099.9 kJ
c. 2164.7 kJ
d. 3869.9 kJ
e. 6244.5 kJ
ANS: A
35. Determine H for the following reaction,
2NH3(g) + 5/2O2(g)  2NO(g) + 3H2O(g)
given the thermochemical equations below.
N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g) H = +180.8 kJ
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) H = –91.8 kJ
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g) H = –483.6 kJ

a. –1178.2 kJ
b. –452.8 kJ
c. –394.6 kJ
d. –211.0 kJ
e. +1178.2 kJ
ANS: B

36. Determine the heat of reaction for the oxidation of iron,

2Fe(s) + O2(g)  Fe2O3(s)
given the following thermochemical equations:
2Fe(s) + 6H2O(l)  2Fe(OH)3(s) + 3H2(g) H = 321.8 kJ
Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O(l)  2Fe(OH)3(s) H = 288.6 kJ
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l) H = 571.7 kJ

a. 1681.9 kJ
b. 1143.1 kJ
c. 824.4 kJ
d. 33.2 kJ
e. 38.7 kJ
ANS: C

37. Determine the heat of formation of calcium carbonate from the thermochemical equations given
below.
Ca(OH)2(s)  CaO(s) + H2O(l) H = 65.2 kJ
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g)  CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) H = 113.2 kJ
C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) H = 393.5 kJ
2Ca(s) + O2(g)  2CaO(s) H = 1270.2 kJ

a. 178.4 kJ
b. 493.2 kJ
c. 828.7 kJ
d. 980.6 kJ
e. 1207.0 kJ
ANS: E
38. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT
a. Hess' law states that H for an overall reaction is the sum of the H values for the
individual equations.
b. the molar enthalpy of formation of a compound is equal to the enthalpy change when one
mole of the compound is formed from elements.
c. a reaction with a negative enthalpy is exothermic.
d. the enthalpy of formation of an element in its most stable state is equal to zero.
e. the sum of the enthalpies of formation of the products in a chemical reaction is defined as
the enthalpy of reaction.
ANS: E

39. Determine the heat of reaction for the combustion of ammonia,

4NH3(g) + 7O2(g)  4NO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
using molar enthalpies of formation.

molecule fH (kJ/mol)

NH3(g) –45.9
NO2(g) +33.1
H2O(l) –285.8

a. +30.24 kJ
b. –206.9 kJ
c. –298.6 kJ
d. –1398.8 kJ
e. –1663.6 kJ
ANS: D

40. Using molar enthalpies of formation, determine the heat of reaction for the combustion of 1.0000 mole
of methanol.
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
Hf (kJ/mol) 238.7 393.5 285.8

a. 2407.6 kJ
b. 1452.8 kJ
c. 918.0 kJ
d. 726.4 kJ
e. 148.9 kJ
ANS: D

41. The molar enthalpies of formation for H2O(l) and H2O(g) are 285.8 kJ and 241.8 kJ, respectively.
How much heat is released when 25 g of water condenses from the gas to the liquid phase?
a. 2.4 kJ
b. 32 kJ
c. 61 kJ
d. 88 kJ
e. 1100 kJ
ANS: C
42. If not handled carefully, ammonium perchlorate can decompose violently according to the
thermochemical equation below.
2NH4ClO4(s)  N2(g) + Cl2(g) + 2O2(g) + 4H2O(g) H = 375.6 kJ
The enthalpy of formation of H2O(g) is 241.8 kJ. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ammonium
perchlorate.
a. 295.8 kJ
b. 156.4 kJ
c. 66.9 kJ
d. 133.8 kJ
e. 561.1 kJ
ANS: A

43. The thermite reaction is an exothermic process that yields iron metal as a product.
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s)  2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)
Hf (kJ/mol) 824.2 1675.7
Using enthalpies of formation, determine the heat released when 5.00 g of Fe2O3(s) reacts with excess
Al.
a. 26.7 kJ
b. 171 kJ
c. 243 kJ
d. 850.8 kJ
e. 2720 kJ
ANS: A

44. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of NH3(g) is –45.9 kJ/mol. What is the enthalpy change if
9.51 g N2(g) and 1.96 g H2(g) react to produce NH3(g)?
a. –10.3 kJ
b. –20.7 kJ
c. –29.8 kJ
d. –43.7 kJ
e. –65.6 kJ
ANS: C

45. The enthalpy of formation of H2O(l) is 285.8 kJ/mol. What is the enthalpy change if 1.62 g H2(g)
reacts with 9.21 g O2(g) to form H2O(l)?
a. 229 kJ
b. 165 kJ
c. 107 kJ
d. 45.5 kJ
e. 31.0 kJ
ANS: B

46. Carbon and oxygen react to give carbon dioxide. The reaction of 4.49 g C(s) with 9.21 g O2(g) releases
113.2 kJ of heat. What is the enthalpy of formation of CO2(g)?
a. 393 kJ
b. 303 kJ
c. 285.8 kJ
d. 171 kJ
e. 113.2 kJ
 ANS: A

47. Which of the following chemical equations does not correspond to a standard molar enthalpy of
formation?
a. Mg(s) + C(s) + 3/2O2(g)  MgCO3(s)
b. C(s) + 1/2O2(g)  CO(g)
c. N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g)
d. N2(g) + 2O2(g)  N2O4(g)
e. H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l)
ANS: C

48. In which of the reactions below is H an enthalpy of formation?

a. S8(s) + 8O2(g)  8SO2(g)
b. CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(s)
c. H2(g) + Cl2(g) + 4O2(g)  2HClO4(l)
d. Cu(s) + 1/2I2(s)  CuI(s)
e. CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
ANS: D

49. Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction,

Br2(g) + 3F2(g)  2BrF3(g)
given the bond enthalpies of the reactants and products.

Bond Enthalpy
Bond (kJ)
BrBr 193
FF 155
BrF 249

a. –836 kJ
b. –89 kJ
c. +89 kJ
d. +99 kJ
e. +836 kJ
ANS: A
50. Using the bond enthalpies tabulated below, calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the combustion of
hydrogen.
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g)

bond H (kJ)
HH 436
OH 464
OO 138
O=O 498

a. 846 kJ
b. 486 kJ
c. 348 kJ
d. 243 kJ
e. 888 kJ
ANS: B

51. Using the bond enthalpies tabulated below, calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the combustion of
ethane.
2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

bond H (kJ) bond H (kJ)

HH 436 C=O 715
CH 414 OO 138
CC 347 O=O 498
CO 351 OH 464

a. 2834 kJ
b. 2140 kJ
c. 1174 kJ
d. 644 kJ
e. 322 kJ
ANS: B

52. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. The formation of a bond is an endothermic process.
2. A reaction is expected to be exothermic if the bonds of the products are stronger than
those of the reactants.
3. The bond energy of a double bond is exactly twice that of a single bond..

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: B
53. The first law of thermodynamics states that
a. the amount of work done on a system is independent of the pathway.
b. the heat flow in or out of a system is independent of the pathway.
c. the total energy change of a system is equal to the sum of the heat absorbed and the work
done on the system.
d. both answers a and c
e. both answers b and c
ANS: C

54. Calculate E of a gas for a process in which the gas absorbs 25 J of heat and does 7 J of work by
expanding.
a. 32 J
b. 18 J
c. +18 J
d. +32 J
e. +180 J
ANS: C

55. Calculate E of a gas for a process in which the gas evolves 8 J of heat and does 16 J of work by
expanding.
a. 24 J
b. 2 J
c. +8 J
d. 24 J
e. 8 J
ANS: D

56. Calculate E of a gas for a process in which the gas evolves 24 J of heat and has 9 J of work done on
it.
a. 33 J
b. 15 J
c. +15 J
d. +33 J
e. 220 J
ANS: B

57. All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT

a. in any chemical reaction the change in energies of the system and the surroundings are
equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
b. an expanding gas does work on the surroundings, thus w has a negative value.
c. E = q + w (where q equals heat and w equals work).
d. if a reaction occurs at constant volume, q = E.
e. if a reaction occurs at constant pressure, w = E.
ANS: E
58. You decide to go on a diet to lose 5 lbs (1 lb = 454 g). Fatty tissue consists of about 85% fat and 15%
water. In order to lose that much weight how many Calories (kcal) must be eliminated from your
normal intake? Fat contains 9.0 kcal/g.
a. 17400 kcal
b. 20600 kcal
c. 3100 kcal
d. 3500 kcal
e. 400 kcal
ANS: A

59. How many kJ are equal to 3.27 Latm of work?

a. 0.331 kJ
b. 3.23 kJ
c. 331 kJ
d. 0.0323 kJ
e. 33.0 kJ
ANS: A