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The document discusses the modulation property of the Fourier Transform, which is essential for analyzing signals in the frequency domain, particularly in communication systems. It outlines objectives, theoretical background, simulation parameters, and MATLAB code used for simulating and analyzing the modulation of signals. The results compare theoretical calculations with MATLAB outputs, demonstrating the effectiveness of modulation in shifting signal spectra.

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8 views8 pages

Cover Page

The document discusses the modulation property of the Fourier Transform, which is essential for analyzing signals in the frequency domain, particularly in communication systems. It outlines objectives, theoretical background, simulation parameters, and MATLAB code used for simulating and analyzing the modulation of signals. The results compare theoretical calculations with MATLAB outputs, demonstrating the effectiveness of modulation in shifting signal spectra.

Uploaded by

syellapr2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modulation Property of Fourier Transform

Y. Sivani 2023001280
1.Introduction:
The Fourier Transform is a fundamental tool in signal processing that
allows signals to be analyzed in the frequency domain. The
modulation property of the Fourier Transform states that multiplying
a time-domain signal by a complex exponential shifts its spectrum in
the frequency domain. This property is crucial in communication
systems, where signals are modulated to shift them to different
frequency bands for efficient transmission.
2. Objectives:
 To understand the analyzation of properties of Fourier
Transform
 To analyze the simulation of a signal and noting the signal
when modulation is applied
 To compare the simulation results with theoretical calculations.

3. Theory And Background


The Fourier Transform (FT) is an essential mathematical tool used to analyze signals in the
frequency domain. It helps in understanding how different frequency
4.1 Tools Used
 MATLAB R2023b
 Signal Processing Toolbox
4.2 Simulation Parameters:
Parameter Theoretical Value MATLAB Computed
Value
Baseband Frequency (f₀) 50 Hz 50 Hz

Carrier Frequency (f_c) 200 Hz 200 Hz


Sampling Frequency (f_s) 1000 Hz 1000 Hz
Amplitude (A) 5 5

Theoretical Magnitude at 2.5 500.00


±f₀
MATLAB Computed Peak 500.00
500.00
Magnitude
Theoretical Frequencies ±50 Hz
±50 Hz
MATLAB Computed Peak ±50 Hz ±50 Hz, ±150 Hz, ±250 Hz
Frequencies
Observed Bandwidth 100 Hz 200 Hz

Modulation Index 1 1
Duration 1 1
Time vector 0:1 0:1
Length 1000 1000
Number of samples 1000 1000

Other Parameters:
Frequency of sine wave (Hz): 50Hz
5.1 MATLAB Code
clc; clear; close all;

N = fs * T; % Number of samples

% Time vector
t = (0:N-1)/fs;

% Generate Baseband Signal (Sine Wave)


x = A * sin(2 * pi * f0 * t);

% Modulate the Signal (DSB-SC AM)


modulated_signal = x .* cos(2 * pi * fc * t);

% Compute FFT
X_f = abs(fftshift(fft(x, N))) / N; % Normalize FFT
M_f = abs(fftshift(fft(modulated_signal, N))) / N;

% Frequency Axis
f = (-N/2:N/2-1)*(fs/N);

% Plot Time-Domain Signals


figure;
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(t, x, 'b', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Baseband Signal (Time Domain)');
xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Amplitude'); grid on;
xlim([0, 0.1]); ylim([-A-1, A+1]);

subplot(2,2,2);
plot(t, modulated_signal, 'r', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Modulated Signal (Time Domain)');
xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Amplitude'); grid on;
xlim([0, 0.1]); ylim([-A-1, A+1]);

% Plot Frequency-Domain (Magnitude Spectrum)


subplot(2,2,3);
plot(f, X_f, 'b', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Baseband Signal Spectrum');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Magnitude'); grid on;
xlim([-300, 300]);

subplot(2,2,4);
plot(f, M_f, 'r', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Modulated Signal Spectrum');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Magnitude'); grid on;
xlim([-300, 300]);

% Adjust figure size


set(gcf, 'Position', [100, 100, 1000, 500]);
clc; clear; close all;

% Baseband Signal (Sine Wave)


x = A * sin(2 * pi * f_sin * t);

% Modulated Signal (Standard AM with Carrier)


carrier = cos(2 * pi * f_c * t);
modulated_signal = (A + x) .* carrier;

% Compute Fourier Transforms


X_f = abs(fftshift(fft(x)/L));
Mod_X_f = abs(fftshift(fft(modulated_signal)/L));
% Frequency Axis
f_axis = (-L/2:L/2-1) * (fs/L);

% Plot Time-Domain Signals


figure;
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t, x, 'b');
title('Baseband Signal (Sine Wave)');
xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on; xlim([0 0.1]);

subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t, modulated_signal, 'r');
title('Modulated Signal (AM: Carrier at 200Hz)');
xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on; xlim([0 0.1]);

% Plot Frequency Spectrum


subplot(3,1,3);
plot(f_axis, abs(Mod_X_f), 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Fourier Transform of Modulated Signal');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Magnitude');
grid on; xlim([-500 500]);

% Mark Expected Peaks at ±(Carrier ± Baseband)


hold on;
stem([f_c - f_sin, f_c + f_sin, -f_c + f_sin, -f_c - f_sin], ...
[max(abs(Mod_X_f)), max(abs(Mod_X_f)), max(abs(Mod_X_f)), max(abs(Mod_X_f))], 'r',
'LineWidth', 1.5);
hold off;
clc; clear; close all;

% Generate a baseband signal (sinc function)


x = sinc(10*(t-0.5));

% Compute Fourier Transform of original signal


X = abs(fftshift(fft(x)/N));
f = (-N/2:N/2-1)*(fs/N);

% Apply modulation
x_mod = x .* exp(1j*2*pi*fm*t);

% Compute Fourier Transform after modulation


X_mod = abs(fftshift(fft(x_mod)/N));

% Plot Results
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(f, X, 'b', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Magnitude Spectrum of Original Signal');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Magnitude'); grid on;

subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f, X_mod, 'r', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Magnitude Spectrum After Modulation');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Magnitude'); grid on;

% Mark Expected Peaks at ±fm


hold on;
stem([fm, -fm], [max(X_mod), max(X_mod)], 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
hold off;

% Theoretical Magnitude Calculation


theoretical_magnitude = A / 2;
fprintf('Theoretical Magnitude at ±%d Hz: %f\n', fm, theoretical_magnitude);

% Find peaks in FFT output


[peaks, locs] = findpeaks(X);
fprintf('MATLAB Computed Peak Magnitudes: %f\n', max(peaks));

% Frequency comparison
fprintf('Theoretical Frequencies: ±%d Hz\n', fm);
fprintf('MATLAB Computed Peak Frequencies: ±%f Hz\n', f(locs(1)));

5.2 Simulink Model


1)

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