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Math Notes PDF

The document outlines the relationship between mathematics and AI, emphasizing that AI relies on math to recognize patterns for decision-making. It details essential mathematical skills for AI, including calculus, linear algebra, statistics, and probability, while explaining their applications in various fields such as disaster management, sports, disease prediction, and weather forecasting. Additionally, it discusses how probability can be expressed in different terms and provides examples of calculating probabilities in practical scenarios.

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kanna.prabhu20
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2 views

Math Notes PDF

The document outlines the relationship between mathematics and AI, emphasizing that AI relies on math to recognize patterns for decision-making. It details essential mathematical skills for AI, including calculus, linear algebra, statistics, and probability, while explaining their applications in various fields such as disaster management, sports, disease prediction, and weather forecasting. Additionally, it discusses how probability can be expressed in different terms and provides examples of calculating probabilities in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

kanna.prabhu20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 3

MATH FOR AI
NOTES

1. How are Math and AI related?


Math is the study of patterns
AI is a way to recognize patterns in order to take decisions
AI needs Math to study and recognize patterns in order to take decisions

2. What do you understand by patterns? Explain with the help of an example.


Ans. Patterns are the ordered sequence, relation, or arrangement between
objects. Patterns exists all around as.
Examples:
Table of any number: 2,4,6,8,10,12,14
Fibonacci series : 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13. This pattern is called Fibonacci series
and starts with 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the two
preceding ones.

3. Write four mathematical skills that are important for AI.


Ans. The four essential skills of mathematics for AI are as follows:
Calculus : training and improving ai model
Linear algebra : Finding out unknown or missing values
Statistics : exploring data
Probability : Predicting different events

3. Explain Statistics.
Statistics is used for collecting, exploring, and analysing the data. It also helps
in drawing conclusions from data.”
Data is collected from various sources.
Data is explored and cleaned to be used.
Analysis of data is done to understand it better.
Conclusions and decisions can be made from the data.

4. What are the applications of Statistics in AI?


Disaster Management
Statistics play a crucial role in disaster management. Authorities
use statistical data to inform citizens about potential natural
disasters in their area. Additionally, disaster management teams
rely on statistics to assess the population, services, and
infrastructure in affected areas to plan and respond effectively.
Sports
The Tokyo 2020 Olympics were postponed due to the global
COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical data showed a sharp rise in
COVID-19 cases in Japan during the originally scheduled Olympic
period, contributing to the decision to delay the event.
Disease prediction
The U.S. government uses statistics to identify the most prevalent
diseases affecting the population. This data helps them respond
more effectively, such as by targeting areas with rising COVID
cases or improving vaccination efforts where needed.

Weather forecast
Computers use statistics to forecast the weather by comparing
current conditions with data from past seasons. This allows for
more accurate weather predictions based on historical patterns.

5. Explain probability with the help of an example.


Probability is a way to tell how likely something is to happen. Let us take an
example of tossing a coin.
When a coin is tossed, there are always two possibilities, Head (H) or Tail
(T), i.e., after tossing the coin, you either get head or tail, which means there
are 50-50 chances of getting head or tail.
This can be calculated with the help of the following probability equation,
which defines the likelihood of an event happening:
Probability of an Event = Number of Favourable Outcomes / Total
Number of Possible Outcomes
In this example, you can get either head or tail at a time, which means the
number of favourable outcomes would be 1 and the total possible outcomes
would be two (head and tail).
So, the probability of getting head when you are tossing it is 1⁄2 and the
probability of getting tail when you are tossing it is 1⁄2.

6. Write applications of probability in AI.


Sports
Probability can be used in estimating batting average in Cricket
Weather forecasting:
Forecasters use probability to predict the likelihood of weather events
like rain or snow in a specific area. For instance, they may state a "70%
chance of rain between 4 PM and 6 PM" to indicate the likelihood of
rain during that time.
Traffic Estimation:
People commonly use probability to decide when to drive. They consider
factors like time of day, location, and weather to predict the likelihood of
heavy traffic. For instance, if there's a 90% chance of heavy traffic from 6
PM to 7:30 PM, they may choose to wait and avoid driving during that
time.
7. In what different ways can probability events be expressed? Explain with
examples.
Probability can also be expressed using terms like "likely" and "unlikely" to
describe the chances of an event happening:
Certain:
An event that is certain to happen has a probability of 1 (100%).
Example: The probability that the sun will rise tomorrow is certain.
Likely:
An event that has a high chance of occurring, but is not guaranteed.
Example: If the weather forecast predicts a 70% chance of rain, it is
"likely" to rain.
Unlikely:
An event with a low chance of happening, but it is still possible.
Example: If there’s only a 10% chance of winning a lottery, it is
"unlikely" to win.
Impossible:
An event that cannot happen has a probability of 0. Example: The
probability of rolling a 7 on a standard 6-sided die is impossible

8. A box contains 3 red balls, 2 blue balls, and 5 green balls. If one ball is drawn
at random, what is the probability that it is green?
Total balls (Total outcomes) = 10
Green balls (Possible outcomes) = 5
Probability = Possible outcomes/total outcomes
= 5/10
= 1/2

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