Al 3451-Machine Learning 2025
Al 3451-Machine Learning 2025
IV Semester
2. What is inductive bias, and how does it affect learning algorithms? CO1 L1
8. How does the choice of optimizer impact the training process of a CO4 L1
neural network?
9. Why is it important to use statistical tests like the t-test and CO5 L1
McNemar’s test when comparing classifiers?
10. List the factors that should be considered when interpreting the CO5 L1
results of machine learning experiments.
PART - B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks)
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11. (a) Provide a comprehensive overview of linear algebra concepts (16) CO1 L3
relevant to machine learning.
(OR)
11. (b) Describe the hypothesis space in machine learning and Discuss its (16) CO1 L3
implications on the learning process and model selection.
12. (a) Describe how you would build a linear regression model to predict (16) CO2 L4
house prices. Include the following in your answer:
i) The steps involved in data preprocessing (e.g., handling
missing values, feature scaling).
ii) How would you implement the least squares method for
training your model?
iii) Discuss the importance of evaluating your model using metrics
such as R-squared and Mean Absolute Error.
(OR)
12. (b) You are working on a project to classify emails as either "spam" or (16) CO2 L4
"not spam" using features extracted from the email content.
Describe how you would implement a Support Vector Machine
(SVM) for this classification task.
13. (a) You have a dataset of customer transactions and want to segment (16) CO3 L3
customers based on purchasing behavior using K-means clustering.
Explain the steps you would take to implement K-means, including
how to choose the number of clusters and evaluate the clustering
results.
(OR)
13. (b) Discuss different voting mechanisms used in ensemble learning (16) CO3 L3
(e.g., majority voting, weighted voting). How do these mechanisms
affect the performance of the ensemble model?
14. (a) Explain how you would implement stochastic gradient descent to (16) CO4 L3
train a neural network with relevant examples.
(OR)
14. (b) Explain how batch normalization works and discuss its impact on (16) CO4 L3
the training process of neural networks.
15. (a) Compare and contrast K-fold cross-validation and bootstrapping as (16) CO5 L3
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methods for assessing model performance and Discuss their
advantages and disadvantages.
(OR)
15. (b) Discuss how you would assess overfitting and underfitting in a (16) CO5 L3
machine learning model. Include the role of cross-validation in this
assessment and how you would adjust your model or experiment
design based on your findings.
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