Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 1

Problem 5.1

The collar A is free to slide along the smooth shaft B mounted in the frame. The plane
of the frame is vertical. Determine the horizontal acceleration a of the frame necessary to
maintain the collar in a fixed position on the shaft.
Given:

𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2

Required:

Horizontal Acceleration a

Solution:

x @ Horizontal acceleration a

𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎 cos 30

𝑊 cos 60 = 𝑚𝑎 cos 30

𝑚𝑔 cos 60 = 𝑚𝑎 cos 30

𝑎 cos 30 = 𝑔 cos 60

𝑔 cos 60
𝑎= cos 30

(9.81) cos 60
𝑎= cos 30

𝒂 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝒎/𝒔𝟐

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza

 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 2

Problem 5.2

The 5-oz pinewood-derby car is released from rest at the starting line A and crosses
the finish line C 2.75 sec later. The transition at B is small and smooth. Assume that the
net retarding force is constant throughout the run and find this force.
Given:

𝑚 = 5 𝑜𝑧

𝑔 = 32.2 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2

𝑣0 = 0

𝑡 = 2.75 𝑠

𝐹𝑅 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

𝑥𝐴𝐶 =

Required:

Net retarding force 𝐹𝑅 = ?

Solution:
𝑎𝑡 2 𝑎(2.75)2
𝑆 = 𝑆0 + 𝑉0 𝑡 + → 10 + 15 =
2 2
2(25) 𝑓𝑡
𝑎 = (2.75)2 = 6.612 𝑠2
0.0625 𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑚𝑔 = 5 𝑜𝑧 ( ) = 0.3125 𝑙𝑏𝑠
1 𝑜𝑧
0.3125 𝑙𝑏𝑠 0.3125 𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑚= = 𝑓𝑡
𝑔 32.2 2
𝑠

@ AB
∑𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 𝑚𝑔 sin 20° = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑚𝑔 sin 20°
0.3125 𝑙𝑏𝑠 𝑓𝑡
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = ( 𝑓𝑡 ) (6.612 𝑠2 )
32.2 2
𝑠

0.3125 𝑙𝑏𝑠 𝑓𝑡
−( 𝑓𝑡 ) (32.2 𝑠2 ) (sin 20°)
32.2 2
𝑠

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 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 3

𝐹𝐴𝐵 = −0.043 𝑙𝑏𝑠

@ BC
∑𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
0.3125 𝑙𝑏𝑠 𝑓𝑡
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 𝑓𝑡 (6.612 𝑠2 ) = 0.064 𝑙𝑏𝑠
32.2 2
𝑠

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = −0.043 + 0.064

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0.0206 𝑙𝑏𝑠

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza

 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 4

Problem 5.3

The beam and attached hoisting mechanism together weigh 2400 lb with center of
gravity at G. If the initial acceleration a of point P on the hoisting cable is 20 ft/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ,
calculate the corresponding reaction at the support A.
Given:

𝑚𝑔𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2400 𝑙𝑏𝑠

𝑓𝑡
𝑎𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦𝑠 = 20 𝑠2

𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 1000 𝑙𝑏𝑠

𝑆𝐴𝐵 = 10 𝑓𝑡
𝑆𝑇1 = 16 𝑓𝑡
𝑆𝑇2 = 17 𝑓𝑡
Required:

Reaction at support A, 𝑅𝐴 =?

Solution:
20 𝑓𝑡 1000 𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑎= = 10 𝑠2 , 𝑚 = 𝑓𝑡
2 32.2 2
𝑠

∑𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦
𝑊𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 +𝑚𝑎𝑦
2𝑇 − 𝑊𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 → 𝑇 = 2

1000 𝑙𝑏𝑠 𝑓𝑡
1000 𝑙𝑏𝑠+( 𝑓𝑡 )(10𝑠2 )
32.2 2
𝑠
𝑇= 2

𝑇 = 655.28 𝑙𝑏𝑠
∑𝑀𝐵 = 0 ↻+
655.28 𝑙𝑏𝑠(16 𝑓𝑡 + 17 𝑓𝑡) + 2400 𝑙𝑏𝑠(8 𝑓𝑡)
−𝑅𝐴 (10 𝑓𝑡) = 0
655.28(16+17)+2400(8)
𝑅𝐴 = 10

𝑹𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟒 𝒍𝒃𝒔 ↑

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza

 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 5

Problem 5.4

The sliders A and B are connected by a light rigid bar of length l = 0.5 m and move
with negligible friction in the slots, both of which lie in a horizontal plane. For the position
where 𝑥𝑎 = 0.4 m, the velocity of A is 𝑣𝑎 = 0.9 m/s to the right. Determine the acceleration a
of each slider and the force in the bar at this instant.
Given:

𝐿 = 0.5 𝑚
𝑥𝐴 = 0.4 𝑚
𝑚
𝑣𝑎 = 0.9 𝑠

𝑚𝐵 = 3 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝐴 = 2 𝑘𝑔
𝑃 = 40 𝑁

Required:

1. acceleration of slider A, 𝑎𝐴
2. acceleration of slider B, 𝑎𝐵
3. force, 𝑇

Solution:

𝑥𝐴2 + 𝑦𝐵2 = 𝐿2 → 𝑦𝐵 = √𝐿2 − 𝑥𝐴2

𝑦𝐵 = √(0.5)2 − (0.4)2 = 0.3 𝑚

Solving for 𝒗𝑩
𝑑
(𝑥𝐴2 + 𝑦𝐵2 = 𝐿2 ) = 2𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 2𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐵 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑚
−𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴 (0.4 𝑚)(0.9 ) 𝑚
𝑠
𝑣𝐵 = = = −1.2
𝑦𝐵 0.3 𝑚 𝑠

Solving for 𝒂𝑩
𝑑 −𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴
(𝑣𝐵 = )
𝑑𝑡 𝑦𝐵
2 2
−(𝑣𝐴 +𝑣𝐵 +𝑥𝐴 𝑎𝐴 )
𝑎𝐵 = 𝑦𝐵

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza

 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 6

−[(0.9)2 +(−1.2)2 +(0.4)2 𝑎𝐴 ]

𝑎𝐵 = 0.3
−[2.25+(0.4)2 𝑎𝐴 ]
𝑎𝐵 = → Eqn 1
0.3
𝑥𝐴 0.4 𝑦𝐵 0.3
cos 𝜃 = = 0.5 ; sin 𝜃 = = 0.5
𝐿 𝐿

For slider A
∑𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴 → 𝑃 − 𝑇 cos 𝜃 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴
0.4
∴ 40 𝑁 − 𝑇 (0.5) = (2 𝑘𝑔)𝑎𝐴 → Eqn 2

For slider B
∑𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝐵 𝑎𝐵 → −𝑇 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝐵 𝑎𝐵
0.3
−𝑇 (0.5) = (3 𝑘𝑔)𝑎𝐵 → Eqn 3

Using Calculator Technique for 3 Unknowns

𝑎𝐴 𝑎𝐵 𝑇 𝑛
0.4 2.25
(0.3) 1 0 (− )
0.3
0.4
2 0 (0.5) 40
0.3
[ 0 −3 (− 0.5) 0 ]

𝒎
𝒂𝑨 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟒 →
𝒔𝟐
𝒎 𝒎
𝒂𝑩 = −𝟗. 𝟑𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟗. 𝟑𝟐 ↓
𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝟐

𝑻 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟔 𝑵

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza

 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 7

Problem 5.5

The sliders A and B are connected by a light rigid bar and move with negligible friction in the
slots, both of which lie in a horizontal plane. For the position shown, the hydraulic cylinder
imparts a velocity and acceleration to slider A of 0.4 m/s and 2 m/s2 , respectively, both to the
right. Determine the acceleration of slider B and the force in the bar at this instant.

Given:

𝐿 = 0.5 𝑚
𝑚
𝑣𝐴 = 0.4 𝑠
𝑚
𝑎𝐴 = 2 𝑠2

𝑚𝐵 = 3 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝐴 = 2 𝑘𝑔
Required:

1. acceleration of slider B, 𝑎𝐵
2. force, 𝑇

Solution:

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝒙𝑨 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒚𝑩

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴
0.5 𝑥 𝑦
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴30° = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵30°
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°
0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30°
𝑥𝐴 = 𝑦𝐵 = = 0.289 𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝒗𝑩
𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
𝐿2 = 𝑥𝐴2 + 𝑦𝐵2 − 2𝑥𝐴 𝑦𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠 120°
𝑑
(𝐿2 = 𝑥𝐴2 + 𝑦𝐵2 − 2𝑥𝐴 𝑦𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠 120°)
𝑑𝑡

0 = 2𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 2𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐵 − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 120° (𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐵 + 𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐴 )

0 = 2𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 2𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐵 + 𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐵 + 𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐴
0 = 2𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑣𝐵 (2𝑦𝐵 + 𝑥𝐴 )
−(2𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴 +𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐴 )
𝑣𝐵 = 2𝑦𝐵 +𝑥𝐴

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza

 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 8

𝑚 𝑚
−[2(0.289)(0.4 )+(0.289 )(0.4 )]
𝑠 𝑠
𝑣𝐵 = 2(0.289)+0.289
𝑚
𝑣𝐵 = −0.4 𝑠

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝒂𝑩
𝑑
(0 = 2𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 2𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐵 + 𝑥𝐴 𝑣𝐵 + 𝑦𝐵 𝑣𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡

0 = 2xA 𝑎𝐴 + 2𝑣𝐴2 + 2𝑦𝐵 𝑎𝐵 + 2𝑣𝐵2 + 𝑥𝐴 𝑎𝐵

+𝑦𝐵 𝑎𝐴 + 2𝑣𝐴 𝑣𝐵
2 2
−(2𝑥𝐴 𝑎𝐴 +2𝑣𝐴 +2𝑣𝐵 +𝑦𝐵 𝑎𝐴 +2𝑣𝐴 𝑣𝐵 )
aB = 2𝑦𝐵 +𝑥𝐴

−[2(0.289)(2)+2(0.4)2 +2(−0.4)2
aB = 2(0.289)+0.289
+0.289(2)+2(0.4)(−0.4)] m
= −2.37 s2
2(0.289)+0.289
𝒎
𝒂𝑩 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟕 ↓
𝒔𝟐
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐥𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐁
𝑚
∑𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝐵 𝑎𝐵 → −𝑇 sin 60° = (3 𝑘𝑔) (−2.37 𝑠2 )
𝒎
−(𝟑 𝒌𝒈)(−𝟐.𝟑𝟕 𝟐)
𝒔
𝑻= = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟏 𝑵
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎°

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza

 Kinematics of Particles: Force-Mass-Acceleration (Rectilinear) 9

Problem 5.6

Compute the acceleration of block A for the instant depicted. Neglect the masses of
the pulleys.
Given:

𝜇𝑆 = 0.50
𝜇𝑘 = 0.40
𝑚 = 40 𝑘𝑔
𝑇 = 100 𝑁
𝜃 = 30°
Required:

acceleration of block A, 𝑎𝐴

Solution:

∑𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔 + 2𝑇 sin 30° = 0
𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 − 2𝑇 sin 30°
𝑚
𝑁 = 40 𝑘𝑔 (9.81 𝑠2 ) − 2(100 𝑁) sin 30°

𝑁 = 292.4 𝑁
∑𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
2𝑇 cos 30° − 𝐹𝑓 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
2𝑇 cos 30° − 𝜇𝑘 𝑁 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
2𝑇 cos 30°−𝜇𝑘 𝑁
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚
2(100 𝑁) cos 30°−0.40(292.4 𝑁)
𝑎𝑥 = 40 𝑘𝑔
𝒎
𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟔
𝒔𝟐

Solved Problems in Dynamics of Rigid Bodies M.K.L. Mañoza