Claims of fact, policy and value

Bachelor of Elementary Education (Central Philippine

University)

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 A Detailed Lesson Plan in English 10

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

• Identify claims made in a written text.
• Formulate claims of fact, policy, and value.
• Display willingness to self-expression and respect the opinions/claims of others.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

a. Topic: Claims of fact, policy and value

b. Reference: https://libguides.chaffey.edu/c.php?
g=1094181&p=7980344#:~:text=To%20sup port%20a%20claim%20of,or
%20ugly%2C%20worthwhile%20or%20undesirable
https://www.unit5.org/cms/lib03/IL01905100/Centricity/Domain/1254/vern%20pe
rsuasive%20patterns.pdf

c. Materials: PowerPoint Presentation

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preparation

“Good Morning, Class…” “Good Afternoon, Ma'am!”

“Let us pray first…” (One student will lead the prayer)

(Checking of Attendance)

B. Motivation

“Before we start with today’s lesson, I will be

showing you illustrations and what I want you
to do is to tell me your own opinions about
them.”

(Teacher will show three illustrations.

First illustration is about Social Media.)

“What is your opinion on social media?” (Student A will raise his/her hand.)

“Yes?” “Ma’am, social media is a good tool to

communicate with far away loved ones and get
updated about them. But it should be used
moderately.”

“Very good!”

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(The next two illustrations will be about
video games and death penalty and the
students will also provide their own opinions
about these.”

C. Presentation of the Lesson

“Very good, class. Now, allow me to tell you

why I asked for your opinions. Your
opinions can also be called CLAIMS. And
remember that all claims are your own and
not anyone else’s, this is the same with
opinions.

For today’s lesson, we will be discussing

claims and the kinds of claims.”

“A claim is an assertion of your own idea

“But first, based on the answers your about something.”
classmates have given to my question a
while ago, what do you think a claim is?”
“A claim is an argument.”

“A claim is the statement you believe in and

you are debating about.”

“Very good. All your answers are correct.”

D. Discussion

“A claim is the position being taken in an

argument. Remember that a claim is not
merely stating a fact or just giving an
argument. A claim should not be posed a
question, it should be logical and debatable.”

“Look at the following statement.”

Smoking is dangerous to one’s

“No, ma’am.”

health. “Do you think this a good

“It’s not a good claim because it isn’t
debatable. It is not the opinion of the writer of
claim?” “Why is that?” that statement, but it is already an established
fact that smoking is dangerous.”

“Very good! This statement is not a good claim

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because all of us already know that smoking is
dangerous, and no one can prove otherwise.”

“Let us proceed. We have three kinds

of claims.”

Claim of fact

Claim of

policy Claim

of value

A claim of fact asserts that a condition existed,

exists, or will exist and are based on facts or
data.

A claim of fact is not a fact; it only claims to

be a fact.

“Let us look at the following statements.”

Steel is a strong hard metal made of iron

and carbon.

Steel is the world’s most trusted material. “No. The first statement is a fact but not a
claim of fact.”

“Are both statements claim of fact?”

“Steel has already been proven as a strong
hard metal made of iron and carbon. No one
can claim otherwise, that’s why it is not a
claim of fact.”

“How about this?”

Zimbabwe is in Africa. “The first statement is not a claim because it

is a fact that Zimbabwe is in Africa.”

Zimbabwe has an unstable government.

“Let’s go back to our first example.”

Smoking is dangerous to one’s health.

“We already know that this is not a claim of

fact. Let’s use the same topic which is
smoking and write a claim of fact.”

Smoking is an addiction that people “Yes.”

are genetically predisposed to.

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 “Can we call this a claim of fact now?”
“This is a claim of fact because it is not always
the case that smokers are smokers because of
genetics, it varies.”

“Next example.”

Filipinos believe in the assumption that a

woman’s role in life is to clean and take care
of the household.
“Yes, it is a claim of fact because not all
“Is this a claim of fact?” Filipinos believe in this notion. Some
Filipinos believe that there is much a
bigger role for women, and it doesn’t just
revolve around the household.”

“We’re done with the first kind of claim. Next,

let’s proceed to the next kind of claim, which is
the claim of value. So, what is claim of value?”

A claim of value is based on preference such as

likes, or dislikes, good or bad.

It usually compares two ideas against

one another.

“Let’s look at the following example.”

Homosexuality is immoral because it

violates religious, societal, and biological
standards.
“Yes. This is an example of a claim of
“Based on the definition of the claim of value, value because it is claiming that
is this an example of that? homosexually is immoral which is bad, but
that is just the writer’s preference. Not all
people think homosexuality is bad.”

“Next example.”

Public schools are better than private schools.

“How is this a claim of value?” “It is a claim of value because it is another

matter of preference. The write of this
statement simply prefers public schools than
private schools.”

“Next.”

Monet's art is more beautiful than Picasso's

because of its use of soft color, uplifting
subject matter, and unique technique.
4

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 “Is this a good claim of value?” “Yes, because the writer of this statement is
also expressing his preference which is
Monet’s art, when compared to Picasso’s.
The writer is comparing the two painters.”

“Finally, we’re now at the last kind of

claim, which is claim of policy. What is a
claim of policy?”

A claim of policy are statements that

argue that something needs to be done.
May it be making a law or calling for
action.

A claim of policy usually has the modals

should, must, ought to.

“Let’s look at the following example.”

The school should have a civilian attire day.

“Yes. First, it has the modal should, and it is
“Based on the definition of the claim of arguing that something needs to be done,
and that is having a civilian attire day.”
policy,
is this an example of that?”

“Next.”

The age at which people could get a

driver’s license should be raised to 18. “Yes. This statement is also a claim of policy
because it is suggesting of making a law and
that is to raise the age of getting a driver’s
“Is this a claim of policy?” license.”

Reckless drivers should have a mandatory jail

term of not shorter than two months. “This is a claim of policy because it is arguing
for a call to action to raise the time of jail term
of reckless drivers.”
“How is this a claim of policy?”

E. Generalization “Claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of

policy.”

“Again, what are the three kinds of claim?”

“A claim of fact asserts that a condition has

existed, exists, or will exist.”

“What is a claim of fact?”

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 “What is a claim of value?” “A claim of value makes a judgment by
expressing approval or disapproval,
attempting to prove that some action, belief, or
condition is right or wrong, good or bad,
beautiful or ugly, worthwhile or undesirable.”

“What is a claim of policy?” “A claim of policy are solutions proposed and

promote policies and solutions based on
changing an existing policy.”

F. Application

(The teacher will show statements and students

need to identify what kind of claim it is.)

1. Science fictions are more interesting to

read than romance novels.

2. Legislation should be passed to stop the

sale of cigarettes.

3. All men are created by God as an equal

creation.

4. Cafeteria lunch must change.

5. The Dallas Cowboys is the best in the

league.

6. The death penalty should be abolished

because it does nothing to prevent
murder.

7. Social security should be distributed

based on need rather than as an
entitlement.

8. Abortion is morally wrong.

G. Evaluation

Read the following paragraph and complete the following table by writing
statements that fall under the appropriate type of claim.

The K to 12 Program was introduced in the Philippines with

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 the aim of providing sufficient time to master concepts and skills, prepare
graduates for higher education, produce lifelong learners, and prepare
students for middle level skills development, entrepreneurship, and
employment (Republic of the Philippines Official Gazette). Hence, the
program added two years of Senior High School (SHS). The courses that
can be learned from SHS include accounting, welding, machinist work,
agriculture, music, medical technology, and culinary and hospitality work.
Although the intention of adding SHS is commendable, some critics claim
that there is still a mismatch between our schooling system and working
system. As regards the implementation of SHS, some people are
concerned about the lack of learning materials provided to the schools.
For example, during the school year 2013-2014, learning materials for one
school in Tondo arrived during the last two quarters of the school year.
The lack of sufficient facilities, such as classrooms, chairs, and computer
laboratories, is also a problem. Moreover, more students require more
teachers, but there seems to be a lack of teachers as well. Colleges and
universities also assert that they will be losing revenues with the
implementation of SHS since there will be no enrollees for the first year in
2016. Despite these observations, DepEd is optimistic that these shortages
and problems will be overcome as they claim that these are being
addressed. Meanwhile, the Coordinating Council of Private Educational
Associations (COCOPEA) lauds DepEd's implementation of the K to 12
Program. According to its chairman, additional two years of education
should not be seen as a burden.

Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of Policy

H. Homework/ Agreement

Research about the characteristics of an argumentative essay.

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