0% found this document useful (0 votes)
61 views15 pages

1) Solution - Set 1

The document contains a series of hints, solutions, and explanations for NEET/JEE questions, covering various topics in physics and mathematics. It includes calculations related to kinematics, energy, forces, and wave equations, among others. Each question is numbered and provides a brief solution or explanation to the problem presented.

Uploaded by

monia1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
61 views15 pages

1) Solution - Set 1

The document contains a series of hints, solutions, and explanations for NEET/JEE questions, covering various topics in physics and mathematics. It includes calculations related to kinematics, energy, forces, and wave equations, among others. Each question is numbered and provides a brief solution or explanation to the problem presented.

Uploaded by

monia1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

SET-1

NEET/JEE

HINTS, SOLUTIONS, EXPLANATIONS


1 (3) Given h5 =2 ×h 6 . By solving we get
th th

7 (2)
u=65 m/s

If acceleration is variable (depends on


time) then

Req Between any two vertex will be


2
at
v=u+∫ ( f ) dt=u+∫ ( a t ) dt=u+
2 ¿
= + ⇒ R eq =4Ω
1
8 (3)
1 1 ¿

2 (2)
R eq 12 6

Tension, T =
From the principle of dimensional
2
mv
+mg cos θ
homogeneity
r
2
mv
[ a ]= F =[ ML T −3 ] and [ b ]= 2 =[ML T ]
For ,θ=30 ° , T 1= +mg cos 30 °
[ ]
t
F
[]
−4

t
r

3 (4)
2
o mv o
θ=60 , T 2= + mgcos 60 ∴T 1 >T 2
9 (1)
r
Kinetic energy, E= m v
1 2

Time of flight, T =
2 2u sin θ
'2 2
∆E v −v g
∴ × 100= ×100
E v
2 2 du sinθ
∴ dT =
2
¿ [ ( 1.5 ) −1]× 100 g
Now, ∴
¿ 125 % dT du 1
4 (1)
= =
T u 20
∴ % increase in T =
dT
1 2 [W ] M L2 T −2
W = k x ⇒ [ k ]= 2 =
2 [x ] L
2 [ −2
=[ M T ]
] T
×100

5 (2)
1
¿ ×100=5 %
Time taken by first drop to reach the 10 (4)
20

ground t=
√ 2h

2 ×5 2
⇒ t= =1 sec u o
h max= =10[∵θ=90 ]
As the water drops fall at regular
g 10 2g

intervals from a tap therefore time


2
u =200
2
u
difference between any two drops ¿
1 Rmax = =20 m
11 (2)
sec g

In this given time, distance of second


2
At height r from center of earth. Orbital
drop from the tap ¿
1
g¿¿ velocity

=
Its distance from the ground √
2 GM

∴ By energy conservation
r
¿ 5−1.25=3.75 m
6 (3)
KE of ‘m’ + =0+0
( )
−GMm
g
(At infinity, PE=KE=0)
h n =u− (2 n−1)
th
r
2

⇒KE of ‘m’= = (√ ) m=mv 2


10 GMm GM
2
h5 =u− ( 2× 5−1 ) =u−45
th
2 r
12 (3)
r
10
Potential difference between two faces
h6 =u− ( 2 ×6−1 )=u−55
th
2
perpendicular to x-axis will be
l .(⃗
V ×⃗
B)=12mV =m¿ Nm
13 (1)
dL
τ=
The coin falls behind him it means the 20 (4)
dt

velocity of train was increasing otherwise


the coin fall directly into the hands of
2 2 160 160
I =M K =160 ⇒ K = = =16 ⇒ K=4 metre
thrower 21 (4)
M 10

14 (3) Torque acting on a body in circular


From geometry l =x + y but y is motion is zero.
constant, hence differentiating, we have, 22 (3)
2 2 2

According to the principle of conservation


of angular momentum, in the absence of
dl dx
2 l =2 x
external torque, the total angular
dt dt
But =v . Hence horizontal velocity of
momentum of the system is constant.
dl

block, 23 (4)
dt

P=i 2R.
∴ for i max, R must be minimum
dx
vx=
From color coding R=50×10 2 Ω
dt

∴ i max=20 mA

24 (3)
If the body is projected with velocity
v (v < v e ) then height up to where it rises,
⇒ lv=x . v x or v x =
l. v v R
= h=
15 (3)
x sin θ 2
v e
−1
Initially particle was at rest. By the
2
v
application of force its momentum
R
increases
⇒ h= =4 R(¿ .)
( )
2
11.2
Final momentum of the particle = Area of
−1
10
F -t graph 25 (4)
⇒ mu=¿ Area of semi circle Y=
Fl

Y , l∧F are constants.


π r π r 1 r 2 π (F 0)(T /2)
2
π F0 T A∆l
mu= = = ⇒ u=
2 2 2 4m
1
16 (1)
∴∆l ∝ 2
D
Let dielectric constant of material used
2

be K.
∆ l 2 D1 1
= =
∆ l 1 D22 16

3+ 3+ 3=
A A A
10 ϵ 0 12∈0 14 ∈0 K ∈0 A 1
∴ ∴ ∆ l 2= mm
26 (1)
d 16
⇒K=12
d d d

17 (2) Steel has the highest elasticity.


Work = Force × Displacement 27 (1)
If force and displacement both are According to principle of continuity,
doubled then work would be four times Av=constant
18 (1) ¿ A 1 v 1= A 2 v 2
2 2
⃗ ∂U ^ ∂ U ^ ¿ π r 1 v 1=π r 2 v 2
F= i− j=7 i^ −24 ^j
∂x ∂y 4
Given , r 1= cm=0.02 m,
|F⃗|= √( 7 )2+ (−24 )2=25 unit 2
19 (2)
(due to low density) and light particle
move downward (due to high density)
2
r 2= cm=0.01 m,
2
−1
v 1=3 ms
2 2
∴ π ( 0.02 ) ×3=π ( 0.01 ) v 2

( )
2
0.02 −1
¿ v2 = ×3=12ms
0.01
28 (3)
33 (2)
Velocity of ball when it strikes the water
surface Work done, W= (∆ ⃗ μ ).⃗
=2×10 × 1 cos(0.125)
B
…(i)
=0.02 J
−2
v=√ 2 gh
Terminal velocity of ball inside the water ∴ correct answer is (2)
…(ii) 34 (3)
2
v= r 2 g
9 ( )
ρ−1
η Here dQ=50 J , dW =−15 J
Equating (i) and (ii) we get dU =dQ−dW =50−(−15 )=65 J
35 (3)
2
2r g
This is the case of free expansion of gas.
√ 2 gh= (ρ−1)
9 η
In free expansion ∆ U =0 ⇒ Temp. remains
( )
2

same
2 4 ρ−1
⇒ h= r g
36 (3)
81 η
29 (2)
Path difference=dsin θ ≈ dθ P V =K or Pγ V dV + dP .V =0
γ γ −1 γ

=0.1× mm=2500nm or
1

Or bright fringe, path difference must be


40 ⇒
dP
P
=−γ
dV
V
dP
P
× 100=−γ
dV
V
×100( )
integral multiple of λ. ¿−1.4 ×5=7 %
∴2500=n λ 1=m λ2 37 (4)
∴ λ 1=625, λ 2=500 (from m=5) The value of
pV
for one mole of an ideal
(for n=4)
gas
T

30 (3) = gas constant


A v =2 A v ' or v '=v /2 = 2 cal mo l−1 K −1
For a horizontal pipe, according to 38 (1)
Bernoull’s theorem
1 2 ' 1
p+ ρ v =P + ρ
2
v
2 2 ()
2
v2
v1 √
T
= 2⇒ S =
T 1 400
v

( 273+227 )
( 273+27 )
⇒ v s=400 √ 5 /3=516 m/s
=
√5
3

Or p = p+ ρ v 1− 39 (4)
' 1 2
2
1
4 ( ) The difference of C P and C V is equal to R ,
3 2 not 2 R
40 (2)
¿ p+ ρ v
31 (3)
8
Time period of simple pendulum
As is clear from figure.
dQ d Q 1 d Q2
dt
=
dt
+
dt
T =2 π
√ l

From this formula it can be predicted that


g

K ( A 1+ A 2 ) dT dT dT time period does not depend on the mass


of bob.
=K 1 A1 + K2 A2
dx dx dx
K1 A1+ K2 A2 41 (2)
Acceleration in SHM is directly
K=
proportional to displacement and is
A1+ A2
32 (3)
In convection hot particles move upward always directed to its mean position
42 (1) ∵ 63.8 g of Cu has atoms = 6.023 ×10 23
The given equation is
∴ 1 g of Cu has =
23
6.023× 10
π 63.5 g
y=5 sin (100 t−x )
…(i) ∴ 0.635 g of Cu has ¿
2 6.023× 10
23
×0.635
Comparing Eq. (i) with standard wave
¿ 6.023 ×10 atoms
63.5

equation, given by
21

48 (2)
y= A sin (ωt−kx)
…(ii)
5
M= =1.47
we have
34 ×100 /1000
49 (2)
Charge on electron and H is same; the
100 π +¿¿

ratio e /m is ratio of mass of proton to


ω= =50 π
2
electron.

50 (3)
⇒ =50 π
T
=0.04 s X -rays are light waves or a form of light

energy.
⇒T =
43 (1)
50 π
51 (1)
It is required to calculate the time from
The no. of nucleons in O 16 and O 18 are 16
extreme position
and 18 respectively.
Hence, in this case equation for
52 (3)
displacement of particle can be written as
Higher photo-current implies , higher no.
( ) of electrons emitted/sec.
π
x=a sin ωt + =a cos ωt
53 (1)
2
H atom has 1 s 1 configuration. Shielding
a π 2π π T
⇒ =a cos ωt ⇒ ωt= ⇒ .t= ⇒ t=
effect is property of penultimate shell
44 (1)
2 3 T 3 6
electrons.
Since,
54 (4)
Electron affinity is defined as “the energy
720 6 3
= = ,i . e . , 3:5
released when an extra electron is added
Odd harmonics are produced only if the
1200 10 5
to neutral gaseous atom. The increasing
pipe is closed at one end.
order of electron affinity is
45 (3)
Frequency of p th harmonic
2 4 2 4 2 5 2 5
2 s 2 p < 3 s 3 p <2 s 2 p <3 s 3 p
O< S< F <C l
General electron affinity decreases with
pv 2 ln 2 ×0.33 × 1000
n= ⇒ p= = =2
the increase in the size of atom, since
46 (1)
2l v 330

nuclear attraction decrease down a


In the given metal nitride, nitrogen
group. The value of electron affinity
present is 28% that means, the nitride
increase as we move along a period since
contains 28 g nitrogen and 72 g metal.
the size of atoms decrease in a period.
Moles of metal ¿ Electron affinity of O and F are less than
72

S and Cl respectively due to very small


x
Moles of nitrogen ¿ size.
28
=2
55 (1)
14
⟹ Molar ratio, M : N = :2=3 :2 Given electronic configuration of anion X
72

is
x
72
=3 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y , σ 2 pz , π 2 p x
∴ Total number of electrons of anion X =
x

15
∴ x=24
47 (4)
Hence, the anion X is N 2 C+ 2 H 2 →C H 4 ; ∆ H=−17.9 kcal … ….. ( i )
−¿ .¿

56 (4) C+ O2 → C O2 ; ∆ H=−94.1 kcal … … .. ( ii )


HC ≡C−HC =CH −C H 3 10 σ ,3 π
57 (1)
1
H 2 + O2 → H 2 O ; ∆ H =−68.3 kcal … … ( iii )
Eqs. [(ii) + 2 × (iii)] – (i),
2

N 2 ⇒BO=2.5⇒ π −Bond=2∧σ −Bond=


[ ]
⊕ 1
C H 4 +2O2 →2 H 2 O
N 2⇒B.O.=3.0⇒[ π −Bond=2∧σ −Bond=1 ]
2
66 (4)
O2 =B.O.=2.5⇒[ π −Bond=1.5∧σ−Bond=1 ]

For precipitation, ionic product >
O 2⇒B.O.=2⇒[ π −Bond=1∧σ −Bond=1 ] solubility product
58 (4) ∴ The metal sulphide with lowest K sp (PbS)
S=C=S . will precipitate out first because its inonic
59 (2) product will exceed its K sp first and the
H 2 O2act as oxidizing agent and reducing metal sulphide with highest K sp (NiS ) will
agent in acidic medium as well as basic precipitate out at last.
medium.
67 (2)
H 2 O2 Act as oxidant :-
Let the solubility of AgCl is S
H 2 O2+2 H ⊕+2 e ⊝ → 2 H 2O (In acidic
medium)
−¿¿
+¿+Cl ¿
AgCl= Ag
H 2O+2 e ⊝ → 2OH ⊝(In basic medium) s s
H 2 O2 Act as reductant :- [Cl ] from NaCl =0.2
−¿¿

H 2 O2 → 2 H +O2 +2 e⊝ (In basic medium)


+¿ ¿ Concentration of Cl−¿= S+0.2 ¿
H 2 O2+2 OH ⊝ → 2 H 2 O+O2+ 2e ⊝(In basic K sp =S (S +0.2)
medium)
60 (3)
−10 2

( S is very small as AgCl is sparingly


1.8 ×10 =S +0.2 S

soluble in water, thus S2 ≪¿ 1)


V A tB
×
tA V B
=

MB
MA −10
1.8 ×10 =0.2 S


−10
10 MB 1.8 ×10
= S=

¿ 9.0 ×10 M
20 49 0.2
−10

68 (4)
49
M B = =12.254
61 (3)
4
3 O2 (g)⇌ 2O3 (g)
The volume of one mole of a gas is called O2∧O3are the allotropes of oxygen, i.e.,
molar volume. It is 22.4 L at STP or NTP have different composition, so the
for C O2 gas it is maximum at 127 ℃ and 1 equilibrium exist between them is
atm considered as chemical equilibrium.
62 (2) 69 (2)
An experimental fact.
63 (1)
2 +¿¿

M n7+¿ 5 e⟶ M n ¿
70 (1)
The process involves conversion of 1 mole N a3 As O 4 is sodium arsenate
of H 2 O from liquid to vapour state and
Or As O 4 is arsenate.
thus, heat changes are called heat of
−3

Thus, a+ 4 × (−2 )=−3


vaporisation.
64 (3)
∴ a=+5
71 (4)
It provides information about physical
Adipic acid
states of reactants and products as well
as about thermal changes. (d) is wrong
CO 2 H −(CH 2 )4−CO 2 H dehydrating
because combustion is exothermic. 7 membered cyclic anhydride (very
¿

unstable)
65 (4)
72 (2)
Meq . of K 2 C r 2 O7=Meq . of H 2 S Canonical structures proposed in
resonance are not the real structure of
compound. The compound showing
0.81
2 xV = x 1000
resonance has a definite structure which
34 /2

can however be not drawn on paper.


∴ V =23.8 mL
73 (3)
It is a fact. 84 (4)
74 (3) All show geometrical isomerism :
H 2 does not react with Au ,Cu∨¿ . with
Ca, it gives CaH 2
75 (3)
Calcium is obtained by electrolysis of a
fused mass of CaC l 2 and KCl at about
700 ℃ in an electrolytic cell made of
graphite anode and iron cathode.
−¿¿
2+¿+2 C l ¿
CaC l 2 ⇌ C a
At anode
−¿¿
−¿→ C l 2+2 e ¿

At cathode
2Cl
−¿→Ca ¿

85 (3)
¿
C a2+¿+2 e
76 (3)
Mg is found in sea water. Gasoline among all has lowest b.bt.
77 (1) 86 (3)
Hydrogenation of alkene or alkyne in
presence of Ni is called Sabatier and
CaC O3 ∆ CaO+C O2

Senderen’s reaction.

(X )
CaO+ H 2 O ⟶ Ca ( OH )2 87 (2)
H is replaced by Cl.
88 (4)
(Y )

In triclinic unit cell


Ca (OH )2 +2 C O2 ⟶ Ca ( HC O3 ) 2
(Z)
a ≠ b ≠ c & α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 90°.
Ca ( HC O3 ) 2 ∆ CaC O3 →C O2+ H 2 O
(X) 89 (1)

78 (4) Wilkinson catalyst is [ P h3 P ¿ ¿ ¿ 3 IrCl ]


Zn+ BaC O 3 ∆ ZnO+ BaO +CO 90 (2)
Carbon monoxide is highly poisnous to
79 (3)

living being
2nd-orbital has no d -subshell.
91 (3)
80 (3)
According to phylogenetic system of
CO is neutral; CO 2is acidic.
classification, primitive charecters are
81 (3)
perenniall and shrubby nature, solitary
Each has three electrons in its outer
flower, numerous stamens multiple or
shell.
aggregate fruit, while advanced
82 (1)
characters are compound leaves,
zygomorphic flowers, epigynous flowers,
CHCl=CHCH 2 CH 2 CH =CH 2 ;
CH 2=CClCH 2 CH 2 CH =CH 2 ; fused stamens (dichlamydeous condition)
and albuminous seeds.
Thus, the ratio of advanced and primitive
characters according to question is 1:1.
83 (3)
92 (2)
Allotropic species are those group of In rhabdoviruses (rabies, virus, wheat
individuals, which occupy the same or mosaic virus), para myxoviruses (mumps
overlapping area in the different habitat virus, sendai virus), picornaviruses (polio
and involve geographical isolation. While virus), orthomyxovirus (influenza virus),
sympatric species occur without the genetic material is single stranded
geographic isolation. Sibling have same RNA (ssRNA).
ancestors and when species have 100 (2)
subgroup, it is called subspecies or A-Zygote; B-Syngamy
variety In angiospermic sexual reproduction,
93 (1) syngamy is the nuclear fusion of the one
RH Whittaker, an American taxonomist male gamete with the egg producing
proposed live kingdom classification. His diploid zygote or oospore
five kingdom are Monera, Protista, Fungi, 101 (2)
Plantae and Animalia Haploid spore is the first cell of
94 (4) gametophytic generation. The spores of
The term ‘Systematic Botany’ refers to moss germinate to form protonema. The
the methodical study of plants, dealing cells of protonema contain chloroplasts.
with identification, naming and 102 (3)
classification. Sexual reproduction involves the
95 (2) formation of gametes and their fusion
Organization or living being starts with during the process called fertilisation.
atomic, i.e., sub-microscopic level and Depending upon the structure and
reaches to cells (microscopic level), then behavior of gametes, there are different
become visible or microscopic with tissue types of sexual reproduction. These are
and organs and then reaches to (i) Isogamy Fusion of morphologically
conceptual level alike gametes which look and behave
similarly is called isogamy
(ii) Anisogamy Fusion of morphologically
Atoms Molecules Biomolecules Cells
System organ Organ Tissues
Organism Population (conceptual level) dissimilar gametes, which may be motile
96 (2) or non-motile
The main difference between Gram (iii) Oogamy Fusion of a large non-motile
positive and Gram negative bacteria is egg or ovum with a smaller motile sperm
due to cell wall. The cell wall of Gram (except in Rhodophyceae). The fusion of
negative bacteria contain Peptidoglycan gametes is called oogamy
(10%), lipopolysaccharides lipoprotein 103 (3)
and phospholipid, while cell wall of Gram Salamander can regenerate its tail, limbs
positive bacteria contain peptidoglycan and external gills.
(60-90%) , teichoic acid and lipids. 104 (2)
97 (3) Aschelminthes are bilateral symmetrical
The plasma membrane of bacteria and triploblastic animals, e.g., Ascaris.
becomes infolded at some places, Coelenterates are radially symmetrical
theseare known as mesosomes and are and diploblastic animals, e.g., Obelia.
considered the sites of respiration. Ctenophores are biradial symmetrical and
98 (1) diploblastic animals, e.g., Ctenoplana.
The common example of class- Sponges are asymmetrical or radially
Basidiomycetes are smut, rusts, symmetrical and diploblastic animals,
mushrooms, toad stools, puff balls and e.g., Sycon.
pore fungi. 105 (1)
99 (2) Biosystematics aims at morphological
delimitation of taxa but incorporates
evidences from Genetics, Cytology, I, II and III.
Anatomy, Palynology, Chemistry, The monocot stem has a
Physiology, etc. sclerenchymatous hypodermis, a large
106 (1) number of scattered vascular bundles,
Athick and strong chitinous cuticle covers each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous
the whole body of cockroach bundle sheath, and a large, conspicuous
(Periplaneta) as exoskeleton. parenchymatous ground tissue. Vascular
107 (2) bundles are conjoint and closed.
Heterometrus is a terrestrial arthropod. Peripheral vascular bundles are generally
Its prosoma bears a pair of chelicerae, a smaller than the centrally located ones.
pair of padipalps and four pairs of The phloem parenchyma is absent and
walking legs. water-containing cavities are present
108 (4) within the vascular bundles
Monocarpic plants are those, which 114 (4)
flower only once during their life time, The ‘ring’ arrangement of vascular
e.g., Bambusa. bundles is a characteristic of dicot stem.
109 (1) Each vascular bundle is conjoint, open
Aggregate fruit is formed from a single and with endarch protoxylem
flower, in which gynoecium is 115 (2)
apocarpous. Anterior end of earthworm’s body
110 (2) consists of mouth and prostomium. The
Aestivation first body segment is called the
A – Valvate, e . g . , Calotropis procera peristomium (buccal segment) which
B – Twisted, e . g ., lady’s finger and cotton contains the mouth
C – Imbricate, e . g ., Cassia and gulmohar 116 (4)
D – Vexillary, e . g ., bean and pea Juvenile hormones in insects refers to a
111 (1) group of hormones, which ensures the
In the flower of Dianthus, the ovarian growth of larvae, while preventing
part is fused but styles and stigma are metamorphosis.
free. Its ovary becomes unilocular due to Because of their rigid exoskeleton,
breakdown of partition wall and the insects grow in their development by
ovules are attached to a central axis, i.e., successively sheding their exoskeleton.
the ovary is syncarpous, superior, These hormones are secreted by a pair of
unilocular, with many ovules and free endocrine glands behind the brain, called
central placentation. corpora allata
112 (2) 117 (1)
Parenchyma. Nervous system of the earthworms
Parenchyma forms the major component comprises a pair of cerebral ganglia,
within organs. The cells of the located on the pharynx in 3rd segment
parenchyma are generally isodiametric. 118 (4)
They may be spherical, oval, round, Yellow fibrous cartilage tissue is found in
polygonal or elongated in shape. Their pinna (external ear). It is also found at
walls are thin and made up of cellulose. the tip of the nose.
The may either be closely packed or have 119 (4)
small intercellular spaces. The The Golgi complex functions primarily as
parenchyma performs various functions a processing plant where proteins newly
like photosynthesis, storage, secretion, synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum are
etc. modified in specific ways. It is primarily
113 (4) associted with secretory activities of the
cell. containing one copy of each chromosome
120 (3) 128 (1)
Holes in the center of the nuclear pore Cell cycle consists of two basic stages.
complex provide the main channel There is a long undividing stage called I-
through which water soluble molecules phase (interphase) and a short-dividing
shuttle between the nucleus and M-phase
cytoplasm. This channel also contains a 129 (4)
protein called nucleoplasmin, which During meiosis, beads like structures are
faciliatates nucleo-cytoplasm traffic absent on chromosomes and separation of
through the pore. two basic sets of chromosome occurs
121 (3) 130 (4)
Leucoplasts are colourless plastids found Adhesion is the attraction of unlike
in storage organs of plants e . g . , molecules to each other, such as that
Amyloplasr – Store starch between water and the walls of xylem
Elaioplast – Store fat vessels in plants.
Proteinoplast – Store protein 131 (3)
122 (3) Root pressure, a manifestation of active
Enzymes are most functional at the water absorption is developed in xylem
temperature range of 30 °−50 ℃ sap of roots of same plants. It maintains
123 (4) optimum metabolic activity and reduce
A=1−4 α -glycosidic bonds, B=1−6 α - transpiration and provide a light push in
glycosidic binds overall process of water transport
124 (2) because root pressure cannot transport
System at equilibrium cannot perform water upto the whole length of plant.
work. As living organisms work Movement of water is shown through
continuously, they make a constant effort xylem.
to prevent falling into equilibrium In symplastic movements, movement of
125 (2) water occurs from cell to cell through
Purine and pyrimidine nitrogenous base their protoplasm, which are connected by
are found in DNA. Among purines, a bridge called plasmodesmata
adenine pairs only with the pyrimidine 132 (3)
thymine. Similarly, guanine pairs with the Water rises beyond the point at which it
cytosine. The fact that total amount of would be supported by air pressure
purine will be equal to total amount of because evaporation from the plant
pyrimidine was first enunciated by leaves (transpiration) produces a force
Chargaff in 1950. From this law, that pulls upward on the entire column of
Adenine=Thymine=60/2=30% water. The forces of adhesion and
Guanine=Cytosine=40/2=20% cohesion maintain an unbroken column of
126 (1) water. Thus, transpiration facilitates
Chromosomal crossing over is the absorption of water by roots.
exchange of genetic material between 133 (4)
homologous chromosomes that results in If an external solution balances the
the recombinant chromosomes. It occurs osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm, it is
during prophase-I of meiosis known as isotonic solution. When the
127 (1) cells are placed in isotonic solution, there
Reduces by half. is no net flow of water
Meiosis start with one diploid containing 134 (4)
copies of chromosome, one from mother Cohesion-tension theory for ascent of sap
and one from father. The cell divides was originally proposed by Dixon and
twice, producing up to four haploid cells Jolly (1894) and greatly supported and
elaborated by Dixon (1914, 1924). It is
also called transpiration pull theory and
is based on the assumptions of:
1. Continuous water column from rot
hairs to the tip of the plant.
2. Cohesive and adhesive properties
of water molecules.
3. Strong transpiration pull exerted
by all the transpiring leaves on the
stem. 140 (2)
135 (3) The movement of electrons in ETS of
The legumes (papilionacous plants) are photosynthesis is down hill in terms of
itself incapable of nitrogen fixation. The oxidation reduction or redox potential
Rhizobium bacteria are present scale. The electrons are not used up as
symbiotically in the root nodules of these they pass through the electron transport
plants which have the capability of chain, but they passed on the pigments of
nitrogen fixation. photosystem I. Simultaneously, electrons
136 (1) in the reaction centre of PS-I are also
Removal of – N H 2 group is called excited, when they receive red light of
deamination, while that of – COOH group wavelength 700 nm and are transferred
is called decarboxylation. to another acceptor molecule that has
137 (4) greater redox potential. These electrons
Hydroponics has been successfully than are moved down hill again this time
employed as a technique for the to a molecule of energy rich NAD P . The
commercial production vegetables such
+¿ ¿

addition of these electrons reduces the


as tomato, seed less cucumber and NAD P to NADPH + H
lettuce
+¿ ¿ +¿¿

141 (2)
138 (1) Photorespiration takes place in the
Phenetics (Gr. Phainein= to appear; the photosynthetic cells, eg, green parts of
term phenotypes is derived from this plant in the presence of light.
same root) dedicates taxonomic affinities 142 (4)
entirely on the basis of measurable Carboxylation (In C 3-cycle) It is the
similarities and differences.
fixation of C O2 into a stable organic
139 (3)
intermediate. Carboxylation is the most
The Calvin cycle proceeds in three stages
crucial step of the Calvin cycle, where
(1) carboxylation, during which C O2 C O2 is utilised for the carboxylation of
combines with ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate;
RuBP. This reaction is catalysed by the
(2) reduction, during which carbohydrate
enzyme RuBP carboxylase, which results
are formed at the expense of the
in the formation of two molecules of 3-
photochemically made ATP and NADPH;
PGA. Since, this enzyme also has an
and (3) regeneration during, C O2
oxygenation activity. It would be more
acceptor is ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate is correct to call it RuBP carboxylase-
formed again so that the cycle continues. oxygenase or RuBisCo
Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor 143 (2)
molecule, RuBP is crucial if the cycle is to 4 ATP are formed in glycolysis but 2 ATP
continue uninterrupted. The regeneration used
steps require one ATP for 2 ATP in Krebs’ cycle
phosphorylation to form RuBP 34 ATP from electron transport chain
40 ATP
144 (2) 145 (3)
Aerobic respiration occurs in the The pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis
presence of oxygen that leads to a enters to mitochondria where oxidative
complete oxidation of organic substances Decarboxylation takes place and acetyl
and releases C O2 , water and a large Co-A is formed. It occurs in presence of
amount of energy. This type of respiration NAD+, pyruvic acid Dehydrogenase
is most common in higher organism complex and coenzyme-A. pyruvic acid +
NAD+ → Acetyl Co-A + NADH + H+ + C
O2
146 (3) becomes keratinized.
Pyruvic acid, generated in the cytosol is 154 (4)
transported to mitochondria and thus Absorption of fats and fat soluble
initiate the second phase of respiration. vitamins are carried out by the simple
Before pyruvic acid enters Kreb’s cycle, process of diffusion. Being insoluble in
operative in the mitochondria, one of the water, fatty acids and glycerol cannot
three carbon atoms of pyruvic acid is reach the blood stream directly. They are
oxidised to carbon dioxide in a reaction first broken down into water soluble
called oxidative decarboxylation droplets called micelles with the help of
147 (3) bile salts. From micelles, fatty acids,
Permanent localised qualitative change in glycerol and vitamins (fat soluble) are
size, biochemistry, structure and function absorbed into intestinal the cells by
of cells or organs is called differentiation diffusion. Here, they are resynthesised in
148 (2) ER and are changed into small fat
The period of growth is generally divided molecules called chylomicrons, which are
in to three phases the released from intestinal cells into the
(i) Meristematic phase blood stream
(ii) Elongation phase 155 (3)
(iii) Maturation phase D is the hepatic portal vein and F is the
149 (3) hepatic vein
Gibberellin promotes internodal 156 (3)
elongation in a wide range of species. Carbonic anhydrase is found in the blood
This internodal elongation phenomenon is and the minute quantity of same is in
known as blotting. Giberellin is a plant plasma
growth hormone, which was first 157 (2)
obtained from a fungus Alveoli are the primary site of exchange
of gases. Exchange of gases also occur
between the blood and tissue. O 2 and C O2
Gibberella fujikuroi(Fusarium moniliformi).
150 (4)
Gibberellin delay senescence. Thus, the are exchanged in these sites by simple
fruit can be left on tree longer so as to diffusion, mainly based on pressure
extend the market period concentration gradient
151 (4) 158 (2)
Growth of the plant is open ended 1. Posterior part of the pharynx-
because plant grows indefinitely forming Nasopharynx
new organs to replace the older or 2. Present at the glottis-Epiglottis
senescent ones. Meristem is responsible 3. The front of oesphagus- Trachea
for undermined growth of plants. 159 (4)
Irreversible increase in the mass or Total Lung Capacity Total volume of the
volume is called opperent growth. Where air accommodated in the lungs at the end
as in real growth, formation of new plant of forced inspiration. This includes RV,
protoplasm takes place ERV, TV and IRV. It is the sum of vital
152 (3) capacity and the residual volume
The oxyntic cells or parietal cells of the 160 (1)
gastric glands secrete HCl. This HCl Arteries are blood vessels that carry
converts pepsinogen and prorennin to blood away from the heart towards
pepsin and rennin respectively. different organs. They generally contain
153 (3) oxygenated blood (except pulmonary
The deficiency of vitamin-A causes artery which contains deoxygenated
keratomalacia. It is the advanced stage of blood). The blood flows in an artery under
xerophthalmia in which the cornea
alternate increased pressure and with parathyroid and sex hormones,
jerks. deficiencies of calcium and vitamin-D are
161 (3) the main causes of osteoporosis.
Pre T-cells are progenitors formed in 170 (4)
bone marrow and differentiated Chondroitin sulphate is a jelly like
elseshere. substance that provides support and
162 (1) adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, skin and
The bundle of His, known as AV bundle blood vessels.
(atrio ventricular bundle) is a collection 171 (2)
of heart muscle cells specialized for A herbarium (A) is a collection/place of
electrical conduction. These specialized pressed dried and preserved plants
muscle fibres in the heart were named specimen mounted on a paper sheets (B)
after the Swiss cardiologist Wilhelm His labelled and arranged systematically for
Jr., who discovered them in 1893. further reference
163 (2) 172 (1)
Chordae tendinae are string-like
processes in the heart that attach the
2 +¿ arenecessar for musclecontraction .¿
¿
C a2+¿∧M g
Myosin+ Actin ATP Actomyosin
edges of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves
to the walls of the ventricles, prevent
¿

them from being forced back into the ATP + H 2 O Myosin ¿ATP are ADP + Pi +energy
atria when the ventricles contract.
164 (2) 173 (3)
Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead of the The proteins troponin and tropomyosin
accumulation of urea in blood, this are closely associated
condition is called uremia which is very
harmful and may lead to kidney failure. In
such patient urea can be removed by
process called haemodialysis
165 (4)
Glycosuria is the condition, when glucose 174 (4)
is excreted in the urine because the blood Linnaeus classified all the living
sugar level exceeds from the normal. organisms into two large kingdoms, i .e . ,
166 (3) Plantae and Animalia. The descending
Functions ADH order of Linnaean hierarchy is
(i) Reabsorption of water from DCT and Kingdom→Phylum→Class→Order→
CT Family → Genus → Species.
(ii) Constriction of blood vessel 175 (1)
(iii) Increase the blood flow Para-ventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
167 (3) is related to sweat secretion.
Kreb-Henseleit cycle 176 (1)
168 (2) Vagus nerve is a mixed cranial nerve
A – glomerulus controlling much of the gut, ventilatory
B – filtration system and heart. It do not affects tongue
C – 1100 – 1200 movements. Tongue movements are
controlled by glossopharyngeal nerve
D – th
1
177 (4)
169 (3)
5
Mineralocorticoides are responsible for
Osteoporosis is a disease, in which bones regulation of mineral metabolism.
loses minerals and fibres from its matrix. Aldosterone is one of the important
Imbalances of hormones like calcitonin, mineralocorticoides in humans. Its main
function is to regulate the sodium content 178 (3)
of the body. Mineralocorticoides are Heterocrine glands are the glands which
secreted by zona glomerulosa region of have dual (exo and endocrine) mode of
adrenal cortex. function.
Invertebrate possess very simple
endocrine systems with few hormones,
whereas a large number of chemicals act
as hormones and provide coordination in
the vertebrates
179 (3) iodine in diet because iodine is necessary
A-CNS, B-libido, C-anabolic for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It
180 (2) causes thyroid enlargement.
Simple goitre is caused by deficiency of

You might also like