Questions

Q1.

The alkanes are hydrocarbons.

The table shows the number of carbon atoms per molecule and the boiling point for some alkanes.

The boiling points for butane, pentane, hexane and heptane are plotted on the graph.

(i) Plot the boiling points for octane and nonane and draw the line of best fit.
(2)
(ii) Describe the trend shown by the line of best fit on the graph.
(2)
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(iii) Extend the line on your graph to estimate the boiling point of the alkane with ten carbon atoms in one
of its molecules.
(2)
boiling point = ...........................................................
(iv) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
 (1)
All alkanes
A have molecules containing oxygen atoms
B form a colourless mixture when shaken with bromine water
C can burn in a limited supply of air to form carbon monoxide
D have molecules that each have a C==C bond

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q2.
Fractions from crude oil contain alkanes.
Some fractions containing larger alkane molecules are cracked.
(i) When a fraction containing alkanes is cracked, the products are different alkanes and another
type of hydrocarbon.
Give the name of the other type of hydrocarbon produced.
(1)
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(ii) A molecule with the formula C18H38 is cracked to give one molecule of ethene, C2H4, and one
other molecule only.
Complete the equation for this reaction.
(1)
C18H38 C 2H4 +...............................
(iii) Draw the structure of one molecule of ethene, C2H4, showing all bonds.
(2)

Q3.
Complete the sentences by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(i) When bromine water is shaken with ethene, it changes colour.
The bromine water becomes
(1)
A orange
B brown
C colourless
D clear

(ii) The formula of ethene is

(1)
A CH4
B C2H4
C C2H6
D C3H8

Q4.
One product obtained when hydrocarbons burn in air is carbon dioxide.
Describe a test to show that a gas is carbon dioxide.
(2)
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Q5.
The complete combustion of fossil fuels releases gases into the atmosphere.
Explain how these gases could cause an increase in the temperature of the Earth.
(2)
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Q6.
Draw one straight line from each fraction to its use.
(3)
Q7.
Crude oil products
Crude oil is separated into fractions.
Crude oils from different oil wells contain different percentages of the fractions.
The table shows the percentages of the fractions in crude oils from three different oil wells.

(a) Give the name of the process that is used to separate crude oil into fractions.
(2)
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(b) Crude oil from which oil well contains the most petrol?
(1)
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(c) Which fraction is present in almost the same percentage in the crude oils from all three oil wells?
(1)
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(d) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
Kerosene is used as a fuel for
(1)
A cars
B large ships
C jet aircraft
D power stations

(e) Petrol fractions contain the hydrocarbon octane, C8H18.

Explain what is meant by the term hydrocarbon.
(2)
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(f) One product obtained when hydrocarbons burn in air is carbon dioxide.
Describe a test to show that a gas is carbon dioxide.
(2)
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Q8.
When metal carbonates are heated some of them decompose giving carbon dioxide.
In an experiment to investigate how fast three metal carbonates decompose, equal masses of the
carbonates are heated.
The table shows the changes observed and the time for carbon dioxide to be detected.

(i) Explain what evidence in the table shows that a chemical reaction occurs when copper
carbonate is heated.
(2)
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(ii) Use the information in the table to explain which of the carbonates is the easiest to decompose.
(2)
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(iii) Describe an experiment in which copper carbonate is heated and the gas evolved is tested to
show that the gas is carbon dioxide.
(3)
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Q9.
The diagram shows the structure of a propene molecule.

Propene can form the polymer poly(propene).

Draw a diagram to show the part of a poly(propene) molecule formed from two propene molecules.
(2)
Q10.
Ethene and poly(ethene)
(a) Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
State what is meant by the term unsaturated.
(1)
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(b) Complete the sentences by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(i) When bromine water is shaken with ethene, it changes colour.
The bromine water becomes
(1)
A orange
B brown
C colourless
D clear

(ii) The formula of ethene is

(1)
A CH4
B C2H4
C C2H6
D C3H8

(c) A gas containing ethene can be produced from liquid paraffin using this apparatus.

Describe how liquid paraffin becomes ethene in this experiment.

(3)
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(d) Ethene is used to make poly(ethene).
Describe how ethene molecules form poly(ethene) molecules.
(2)
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(e) Waste poly(ethene) can cause problems.
Explain the problems caused by waste poly(ethene).
(2)
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Q11.
Cracking
Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.
Which of these fractions contains hydrocarbon molecules with the largest number of carbon atoms?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A bitumen
B diesel oil
C fuel oil
D kerosene

Q12.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
When calcium carbonate is heated it reacts to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
This reaction is an example of
A electrolysis
B incomplete combustion
C cracking
D thermal decomposition

(ii) Write the word equation for this reaction.

(1)
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Q13.
Hydrocarbons
(a) Propene is a hydrocarbon.
The diagram shows the structure of a molecule of propene.

(i) Give the names of the two elements combined together in propene.
(2)
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(ii) Propene is an alkene.
Alkenes are unsaturated.
State what you would see when orange bromine water is shaken with propene.
(1)
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(b) Propene can be made into a polymer.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The name of this polymer made from propene is
(1)
A plastic
B poly(propane)
C poly(propene)
D poly(ethene)

(ii) Describe what is meant by the term polymer.

(2)
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(iii) Many items made from polymers have a symbol like this.

This symbol shows that the polymer can be recycled.

Explain why it is an advantage to recycle polymers.
(2)
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Q14.
Propene can be made into a polymer.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The name of this polymer made from propene is
(1)
A plastic
B poly(propane)
C poly(propene)
D poly(ethene)

(ii) Describe what is meant by the term polymer.

(2)
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(iii) Many items made from polymers have a symbol like this.

This symbol shows that the polymer can be recycled.

Explain why it is an advantage to recycle polymers.
(2)
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Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(i) alkene(s) (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(ii) C16H34 (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(iii) allow 1 mark for
incorrect structure,
but containing only
two carbons and with
double bond (2)

Q3.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(i) C (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(ii) B (1)

Q4.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
A description
including the Allow limewater /
following • (pass gas calcium hydroxide
into) limewater / solution with
calcium hydroxide incorrect or no
solution which turns observation (1)
milky / cloudy / white Ignore puts out a
precipitate (2) flame (2)

Q5.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
An explanation Ignore reference to (2)
linking the following greenhouse gases or
• carbon dioxide / global warming
water vapour Mention of ozone
(released into the layer forbids award
atmosphere) (1) of second point
• absorbs OWTTE
heat (radiated from
Earth)(1)
Q6.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number

1 mark each (3)

Q7.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(a) fractional distillation distillation /
(2) fractionation (1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(b) (oil well) C (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(c) fuel oil (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(d) C (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(e) An explanation
including the
following: Ignore reference to
• (compound of) mixture
carbon and hydrogen
(1) • only (1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(f) A description
including the Allow limewater /
following • (pass gas calcium hydroxide
into) limewater / solution with
calcium hydroxide incorrect or no
solution which turns observation (1)
milky / cloudy / white Ignore puts out a
precipitate (2) flame (2)
Q8.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(i) an explanation
linking • (because)
colour change /
(changes from green
to) black (1)
• carbon dioxide
(formed) (1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(ii) an explanation took (only) 40
linking the following seconds changed
points • copper colour first/fastest
(carbonate) (1) fastest time reacts
• because it the fastest second
produces gas / mark dependent on
carbon dioxide first mark but if no
fastest/in shortest carbonate named
time(1) can score second
mark (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(iii) an explanation marks could be
linking three of the gained from a
following • (heat diagram not just add
copper carbonate) in gas to not blow
suitable container ignore
(which allows gas to lighted/glowing
be tested) (1) splints dependent on
• suitable method of correct use of
passing/collecting limewater
the gas e.g. bubble
gas into / use of a
delivery tube / collect
gas in test tube (1)
• limewater (1)
• white (ppt)/
cloudy / milky(1) (3)

Q9.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
• correct repeating any answer with
unit(1) • two correct double bonds = 0
units shown with Allow if correct and
continuation bonds more than two units
(1) shown (2)
Q10.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(a) (contains carbon- Allow it is an alkene
carbon) double Allow it decolourises
bond / multiple bond bromine Ignore
spare bonds (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(b)(i) C (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(b)(ii) B (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(c) A description
including three of the
following: • heat the
(liquid) paraffin (1)
• liquid paraffin
vapourised (1)
• cracking (1) • heat Allow liquid paraffin
/ hot porous pot (1) turns to a gas (but
• causes thermal not if the gas is
decomposition / ethene)
breaks down (1)
• (causes)large
molecules / chains
(1) • (to produce)
small molecules /
chains(1) (3)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(d) A description Points may be
including two of the shown on a
following points diagram / equation.
• double bond (1) Ignore conditions.
• (double bond) Allow opens up
breaks (1) • ethene /becomes a single
is a monomer (1) bond / alkane Allow
• many ethene to form a long chain
(molecules)(1)
• join / add /
combine / react
/bond (1) • to form
polymer / (during)
polymerisation(1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(e) An explanation (2)
linking two of the
following points:
• non-
biodegradable(1)
• (therefore) does
not rot / does not
break down /
disintegrate(1)
• lasts for a long
time / stays there(1)
• fills up landfill
(sites)(1) • (causes)
litter / looks
unattractive (1)
• causes pollution
(1) • can be a
danger to wildlife (1)
• produces gases
when burnt (1) • a
gas mentioned as a
result of burning
linked to the
environmental
problem it causes eg
carbon dioxide is a
greenhouse gas,
some gases are toxic
(1)
Q11.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
A (1)

Q12.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(i) D (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(ii) Ignore heat in
equation
calcium carbonate calcium oxide + or on arrow
carbon dioxide
Allow correct
(1)
formulae instead of
words e.g. CaCO3
CaO + CO
2
Q13.

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(a)(i) • carbon (1) in either order ignore
• hydrogen (1) symbols look for
key words but
reject carbon
dioxide (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(a)(ii) (turns) loses its colour
colourless/decolouris ignore
es/ (orange) colour clear/transparent
disappears (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(b)(i) C (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(b)(ii) A description long
including one of the chain(molecule)
following pairs named alkene
• large molecule (1) named alkene
• (formed from) added/linked
(many) small
molecules/monomer
s/alke nes
(molecules) (1) OR
• (formed when)
(many) small
molecules /
monomers / alkenes
(molecules) (1)
• joined together (1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(b)(iii) An explanation uses less crude (2)
linking one of the oil/(natural)
following resources ignore can
pairs• conserves be reused uses less
crude oil crude oil non-
/(natural)resource (1) renewable being
• because do not sent to landfill taking
have to make more up space in landfill
(monomer/polymer) ignore less waste do
(1) OR • conserves not
crude oil((1) • which decompose/break
is a finite resource down/rot
(1) OR • stops decompose/break
landfill filling up (1) down slowly
• (which happens harmful/dangerous
because) polymers ignore bad accept
non-biodegradable named toxic gas
(1) OR • (polymers) ignore cheaper
are burnt/incinerated ignore uses less
(1) • releases energy ignore
carbon dioxide/toxic recycling does not
 gas (emissions) pollute atmosphere
conditional on as much ignore less
burning/incinerating( damage/better for
1) environment

Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark

Number
(i) C (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(ii) A description long
including one of the chain(molecule)
following pairs named alkene
• large molecule (1) named alkene
• (formed from) added/linked
(many) small
molecules/monomer
s/alke nes
(molecules) (1) OR
• (formed when)
(many) small
molecules /
monomers / alkenes
(molecules) (1)
• joined together (1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
(iii) An explanation uses less crude
linking one of the oil/(natural)
following resources ignore can
pairs• conserves be reused uses less
crude oil crude oil non-
/(natural)resource (1) renewable being
• because do not sent to landfill taking
have to make more up space in landfill
(monomer/polymer) ignore less waste do
(1) OR • conserves not
crude oil((1) • which decompose/break
is a finite resource down/rot
(1) OR • stops decompose/break
landfill filling up (1) down slowly
• (which happens harmful/dangerous
because) polymers ignore bad accept
non-biodegradable named toxic gas
(1) OR • (polymers) ignore cheaper
are burnt/incinerated ignore uses less
(1) • releases energy ignore
carbon dioxide/toxic recycling does not
gas (emissions) pollute atmosphere
conditional on as much ignore less
burning/incinerating( damage/better for
1) environment (2)