SANITATION, PLUMBING DESIGN AND

INSTALLATION

WATER SUPPLY PRESSURE

INADEQUATE WATER PRESSURE

✓ Water supply is less than 103 kPa
Solution:
Install either of the following;
a. Hydro-pneumatic Pressure Tank
b. Elevated Tank and Booster
Pump

EXCESSIVE WATER PRESSURE

✓ Water supply is less than 551 kPa
Solution:
Install either of the following;
c. Pressure relieve valve
Table 6.1
WATER SUPPLY INSTALLATION
PROVISION WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT (WFSU)
FIXTURE UNIT
FIXTURE
1. The bottom of the water pipe at all PRIVATE PUBLIC
points shall be atleast 0.3m above 6 10 Water Closet (Flushometer Valve)
the top of the sewer 6 6 Mobile Home
2. The water pipe shall be placed on a 3.5 4 Water Closet (economical)
solid shelf at one side with atleast Hose Bibb/Faucet
3 5
0.3m clear horizontal distance Water Closet (Flush Tank)
from the side of the sewer. 3 Urinal
3. Water pipe joints shall be installed Bath Tub

24
not less than 3m away from sewer in Bidet
both directions. Laundry Tub
Sink/Dishwasher
Shower Head
Bar Sink

1 2 Lavatory
Drinking Fountain
Dental Lavatory

1 1 Lavatory Dental
Lawn Sprinkler

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 TRAPS
- A fitting or device designed and constructed to
provide, when properly ventilated, a liquid
seal which prevents the backflow of foul air
or methane gas without materially affecting the
flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
- A device installed in the house drain
immediately inside the foundation wall of the
building.
- It serves as a barrier and prevents the gases
coming from the public sewer or septic tank in
circulating through the plumbing system.
- However, Public Authorities favor the
elimination of the house trap because its
presence adversely lessens the discharge
capacity of the sewer.
- All traps shall be self-cleaning.
- P-Trap shall be installed within 60cm of the
fixture it serve. It shall be accessible for
cleaning through the bottom opening closed by
a screw plug.
- The dip portion of the trap shall be as short as
possible to avoid retarded flow of water.
- Each fixture shall have its own trap. The
following fixtures are exception to the rule:
- Two laundry trays and a kitchen sink
connected to a single trap
- Not more than 3 laundry tray using one trap
- Three lavatories on a single trap

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 CLASSIFICATIONS OF WATER SEALED P-TRAP
1. Common Seal Trap – 5 cm

3. Stand Trap

2. Deep Seal Trap – 7.5 – 10cm

4. Brass Trap

5. High Hub Trap

PERMISSIBLE TRAPS
1. P-Trap
2. Drum Trap
- Drum Trap is used on fixtures that discharges
substantial amount of water. It is effective
where trap seal loss is more prevalent due to
6. Low Hub Trap
the velocity of the flow in short intervals
- Drum Trap can also serve as terminal for soda
fountain, bar wastes and any type of indirect
waste.
- Drum Trap has two types:
- 100mm x 125mm
- 100mm x 200mm

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 7. Extra Heavy Type TRAPS REQUIREMENTS

✓ Each plumbing fixture excreting shall

have an approved type water seal based
on the basic principle of the code.

✓ Traps should be self cleaning.

8. Sink or Lavatory Type The code also follows the one trap arm rule
with the prescribed type of trap shown below:

OBJECTIONABLE TRAPS FIXTURE TRAP

1. The full size S and ¾ S traps Water closet Integral Trap
Lavatory P-trap
Shower Drain/ Floor Drain P-trap
Bathtub Drum Trap

2. The bag traps

3. Mechanically sealed traps TRAPS SHALL BE MADE OF THE

FOLLOWING
PLUMBING TRAP SHALL BE
FIXTURE MADE OF:
Bathtub, shower, Abs
lavatory, sink, Cast Iron
laundry tubs, Cast Brass
floor drains, Lead
urinals, drinking PVC
4. Light metal partitions
fountain, dental Gauge 17 (B& S)
unit (1.1mm)

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 GREASE TRAP
➢ No grease trap shall be installed for
✓ Note: one trap can served not more than a facility that has an approved rate of
3 single compartment laundry sinks flow of 3.4 liters/sec nor less than
or laundry tubs having same elevation 1.3L/s
and distances not more than 0.75m. ➢ Flow control devices shall be
installed
➢ Shall have a water seal not less than
51mm.

REQUIRED
TOTAL
RATE OF GREASE
NUMBER OF
FLOW RETENSION
FIXTURE
LITERS PER CAPACITY, KG
CONNECTED
MINUTE
1 76 18
2 95 23
3 132 32
4 189 45
✓ Vertical distance between a fixture
outlet and the trap weir shall be as short
as practicable, but in no case shall the
tailpiece from any fixture exceed
0.6m or 24 inches in length.

✓ No trap shall be installed without tubing

trap adapter

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MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETERS AND DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUES

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 TRAP SEAL LOSS

CATEGORIES OF TRAP SEAL LOSS

A. SIPHONAGE
a. Direct Siphonage
▪ Result of minus pressure
in the drainage system.
▪ This happens when large
amount of water flow
rapidly through the trap,
water content is being
discharged. This is called
self siphonage

B. BACK PRESSURE
- Caused by plus pressure. When a
larges amount of water flow drips
downwards rapidly forming a slug like,
the air inside the pipe will be
compressed downward. The
compressed air will be forced to find its
way out through a weaker point.
b. Indirect Siphonage
▪ Result of minus pressure C. EVAPORATION
in the pipe created by - Minor problem for trap seal loss. It only
heavy discharge of water happens only on floor drain which are
from a fixture installed on a not regularly used to admit water, but is
line serving another fixture exposed to extreme temperature such as
at a lower floor. This is model houses in subdivisions or model
called momentum units in condominiums.
siphoning.
D. CAPILLARY ACTION
- A kind of trap seal loss which is rarely
experienced by homeowners. It is
caused by foreign objects like thread or
string suspended and extended over
the outlet arm of the trap.

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 HOUSE DRAIN CLEANOUT VENTS

- The house drain shall be provided with Each fixture trap shall provide protection
adequate number of cleanouts to prevent against siphonage and back pressure by a
breaking of the floor, in case of drain properly placed vent.
stoppage.
DISTANCE OF TRAP TO VENT
- The location of the cleanout depends upon - 2x the diameter of trap arm
the good judgment of the plumber where it is - Trap arm may change direction not
readily accessible, in case of line trouble. greater than 90O.
- Any branch of the house drain terminating at
a floor drain or fixture, shall be provided with HORIZONTAL DISTANCE OF TRAP ARM
100mm diameter pipe, extended at least 2 (Except for water closets and similar fixtures)
inches above the floor inserted in a 45̊ Y TRAP ARM DISTANCE TO
branch in the direction of the drain flow. DIAMETER VENT
- The cleanout shall be equipped with
33mm 0.76 m
threaded screw cover provided with a raised
head that could be removed easily with a 38mm 1.07m
wrench. 51mm 1.52m
- A cleanout extended above the floor, shall 76mm 1.83m
not be utilized as a floor drain. 102 & larger 3.05m
- The trap of a floor drain shall be placed not
more than 50cm below the finished floor line, The developed length between the trap of a water
to facilitate cleaning in case of line trouble. closet or similar fixture. Measured from the 1up of
- A cleanout shall be installed at every 20
closet ring (closet flange) to inner edge of Vent
meters interval distance, and also at the base
shall not exceed 1.8 meters.
of all soil and waste stack.

VENTS SHALL BE MADE OF THE FF:

1. Cast iron
2. Ductile cast iron
3. Galvanized steel (except for underground
installation)
- shall be kept atleast 15cm above
- Shall not be buried at least 152mm
above finish ground level.
4. Galvanized wrought iron (except for
underground installation)
- shall be kept atleast 15cm above the
ground- Shall not be buried at least
152mm above finish ground level.
5. Lead
6. Copper
7. Brass
8. Schedule 40
9. ABS
10. DWV

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Types of Ventilation in the Plumbing System
I. Main soil and waste vent II. MAIN VENT
II. Main Vent - The principal artery of the venting system to
III. Individual Vent which vent branches are connected.
IV. Unit Vent - That portion of the vent pipe system, serving as
V. Circuit or loop vent terminal for the smaller forms of individual and
VI. Relief Vent grouped fixture trap ventilation.
VII. Yoke Vent - The source through which air is admitted to the
VIII. Wet Vent plumbing system.
IX. Looped Vent - Sometimes referred to as Collecting Vent Line
X. Local Vent

I. MAIN SOIL AND WASTE VENT

- General Conditions in Installing the Main Soil
and Waste Ventilation:
- That, it must be installed as direct as possible.
- Short radius fittings should be avoided,
because it reduces the flow of air.
- As much as possible, long horizontal line must
be avoided.
- Generally, it should have the same diameter as
the soil or waste pipe.

III. INDIVIDUAL VENT

- A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap and
which connects with the vent system above
the fixture served or terminates in the open air.
That portion of the vent pipe system that
serves as a single trap.
- It is connected closer to the trap directly
underneath and back of the fixture, and

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 reconnected into the main vent above the
overflow line of the fixture it serves.
- The National Plumbing Code no distances of
vent from trap seal provides that:
- No trap seal shall be placed more than 1.50
meters horizontal developed length from its
vent.
- The distance should be measured along the
central line of the waste or soil pipe from the
vertical inlet to the trap to the vent opening.
- The National Plumbing Code no distances of
vent from trap seal provides that:
- The vent opening from the soil or waste pipe, V. CIRCUIT OR LOOP VENT
except for water closets and similar fixtures, - A group vent pipe which starts in front of the
should not be the dip of the trap. extreme fixture connection on a horizontal
- branch and connects to the vent stack.
- A vertical vent connection on a horizontal soil
or waste pipe branch at a point downstream of
the last fixture connection and turning to a
horizontal line above the highest outflow level
of the highest fixture connected thereat.
- It is employed where two or more fixture traps
are installed on a horizontal soil or waste
branch.
- Generally, the use of circuit vent reduces the
cost of plumbing installation.
- Commonly used in buildings with more
facilities, and battery of fixtures.

IV. UNIT VENT

- That portion of the vent pipe system that
ventilates two fixture traps that discharges into
a sanitary cross with deflectors.
- It is classified as another form of individual
vent, with identical form of back venting,
having the same principles in functions.

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VI. RELIEF VENT VII. Yoke Vent
- A vertical vent line, the primary function of - A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste
which is to provide additional circulation of air stack below the floor and below horizontal
between the drainage and vent systems. connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point
- Installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe above the floor and higher than the highest
and the concreting branches rather than the spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure
fixture traps. changes in stacks.
- The Plumbing Code provides that: - The Plumbing Code provides that:
- Waste branches which are circuit vented, - Yoke vent between the main vent and soil pipe
shall be provided with relief vent. at 5 floor intervals must have equal pipe
- The base of the soil stack on tall building diameter, as the main vent.
installation is susceptible to back pressure, -
due to the large volume of water rushing down
inside the pipe. Hence, a Relief Vent in this
portion is necessary
- The Plumbing Code provides that:
- Relief vent may be installed at interval on the
soil pipe having changes in directions.
- On long vertical pipe, a Relief Vent is installed
at 3 to 5 floor intervals. In this manner of
installation, the relief vent is sometimes
referred to as Yoke or By-Pass Ventilation.
- A pipe connecting upward from a soil or
waste stack below the floor and below
horizontal connection to an adjacent vent
stack at a point above the floor and higher
than the highest spill level of fixtures for
preventing pressure changes in stacks.

VIII. WET VENT

- That portion of a vent pipe through where
wastewater also flow through.
- Under this type of installation, the main vent is
eliminated.
- A minus and plus pressure may be developed,
when large amount of discharges from the
upper floor fixtures rushed down rapidly inside
the soil stack.

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IX. LOOPED VENT
- The use of loop vent is not practical, but
sometimes tolerated, only when other methods
of ventilation could not be possible.

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 STORM AND SUB-SURFACE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PARTS OF STORM DRAIM

Side view
1. GUTTER
2. ROOF DRAIN
3. LEADER
4. DOWNSPOUT
5. STRAP
6. SHOE / SPLASH PAN
7. CATCH BASIN

Allowable rainwater downspout or

conductor materials:
✓ Cast Iron
✓ Galvanized Steel
✓ Iron, Brass, Copper, Lead
✓ Schedule 40 ABS
✓ Series 1000 PVC
✓ PVC DWV

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 3 MAJOR SYSTEMS OF COLLECTING
Allowable Horizontal rainwater piping STORM WATER
materials:
✓ Galvanized Iron Pipe 1. INDEPENDENT SYSTEM
✓ Schedule 30 - Separate system
✓ CSIP
✓ Type DWV Copper Tube
✓ Schedule 40 ABS
✓ Series 1000
✓ PVC DWV

Allowable roof drain materials:

✓ Cast Iron
✓ Copper

➢ Gutter Strainer shall not extend

less than 102mm above the gutter
surface
➢ Dome- type strainers shall have a
minimum total net area of 1.5 x
Area of outlet pipe.
➢ Roof deck strainer on sun 2. COMBINED SYSTEM
decks/parking decks shall be flat - Sanitary and Storm Wastes
surfaced and total inlet area not are combined
less than 2 x Area of the outlet
pipe.

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 3. NATURAL SYSTEM 2. Determine the roof gutter pipe size if
- System without using any the roof area is 186 m2 and rainfall is
roof gutters or downspouts. 102 mm/hr.
- Rainwater are collected by ** Refer to table 6.6**
natural means of collection
such as open tanks or
cistern tank.

RAINWATER PIPE SIZING

➢ Downspout and gutter sizes are based

upon the maximum depth of rainfall per
hour falling upon a given roof area in
m2.
➢ Normal rainfall intensity in METRO
MANILA is 102 mm/hr.

Example:
1. Determine the Horizontal rainwater
piping if the roof area is 548.1 m2
and rainfall is 127mm/hr.
** Refer to table 6.5**

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 DRAINAGE, WASTE, VENT (DWV)
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
➢ Daily Average volume of human
PUBLIC SEWER LINE
waste or excreta per capita is 80
3 Classification of Public Sewer Line grams of feces and 950 grams of
✓ COMBINATION PUBLIC SEWER urine.
✓ SANITARY SEWER ➢ When diluted with water at rate of
Types of Sanitary Sewer 30-100 gallons per day to form
A. Intercepting or Trunk sewage, the solid content becomes
Line Sewer very small portion expressed in
- Made of Concrete milligrams per liter.
0.60-30m diameter ➢ 50% of organic wastes are subject to
- Laid underground to rotting.
minimum of 3m deep
MANHOLE
B. Tributary or Contributing - Device for main and storm sewer
Sewer - Man’s Access for inspection, cleaning
- Made of vitrified and repair.
clay/concrete laid in - Distance of Manhole to Manhole is
an open trench 75 to 150m.
- Not more than 3m - Diameter ranges from 90-120cm
below the street
ground ALLOWABLE DRAINAGE PIPES
✓ STORM DRAIN ✓ Cast iron
✓ Ductile iron
✓ Galvanized steel
- Shall be laid 152 mm above
ground
✓ Galvanized wrought iron steel
- Shall be laid 152 mm above
ground
✓ Lead
✓ Copper
✓ Brass
✓ Series 1000 PVC – DWV
✓ Extra strength Vitrified clay pipe

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 Every fixture has an approximated B. What should be the size of the soil
amount of discharged which is stack between 7th and 8th floor?
measured by fixture units.

TABLE 6.2
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
FIXTURE TRAP DIAMETER DFU
Water Closet (Public)
Sink (Clinic)
76 mm 6 C. What should be the size of the soil
Water Closet (Private) 76 mm 4 stack between 3rd and 4th floor?
Sink School 38 mm 3

38
Bath tub

2
Bidet
Floor drain
Laundry tubs
Shower
Sink (hotel) mm
The rest 32mm 1
D. What should be the size of the
** Refer to TABLE 6.3 EQUIVALENT PIPE building drain and sewer?
SIZE USING COMPUTED MAXIMUM
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT**

Sample problem:
1. In a hotel building, each floor E. What should be the size of the
contains a typical number of parallel vent stack to serve the
plumbing fixtures wherein each floor total F.U.?
contains 20 water closets, 20
lavatories, 20 sink, 20 shower. The
hotel is composed of 10- storey.

A. What should be the size of the

horizontal drain branch per each TABLE 6.4 FIXTURE UNITS BASED ON
floor? DISCHARGE CAPACITY

DISCHARGE CAPACITY
Liters per second Fixture Unit
0-0.47 1
0.50 – 0.95 2
1 – 1.89 4
1.95 – 3.15 6
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 SOVENT SYSTEM DEAERATOR
• Made of copper
DOUBLE LINE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Installed at the bottom portion of the
- One line piping and ventilating pipe
soil stack where the house drain is
connected to receive the discharge
ONE LINE PIPING
from aerator.
- Pipes that serves water closet and
several fixtures
SEPTIC TANK
SECOND PIPING
- Vents pipes Sewage that was discharged into the tank
is and during the retention period of 60%
TWO LINE DRAINAGE SYSTEM (DWV) and 70% of the suspend solid.
- Drainage, wet, vent
SLUDGE
SOVENT SYSTEM - sewage that accumulates at the
✓ recent development in drainage BOTTOM of the septic tank.
installation suitable for all buildings. - ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION is the
✓ this system completely eliminates process that accumulates the sludge at
vent stack and other forms of vents the bottom.
but still attained the effectiveness
and function of the plumbing system. SCUM
✓ introduced on 1952 by Fritz - parts of the solid that is FLOATING
Sommer. - undergoes the process of
✓ it was first testes on a 10-storey SEDIMENTATION
building
✓ uses Aerator and Deaerator. SEPTIC
- a sewage that turns dark and smell
AERATOR unpleasantly due to anaerobic
• made of copper decomposition.
• fitting used as terminal of soil branch
in each floor
• spatters or scatter the effluent in
drops or small blobs wherein the
mixed in air.
• To reduce the plus and minus
pressure

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 BIOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION IS SEWAGE EJECTOR
CAUSED BY THESE BACTERIA - Pump that will discharge waste in the
sump and transfer it to the house
A. AEROBIC sewer.
- Aerobes - Necessary when public sewer line was
- Bacteria with the presence installed 2 to 4 meters below the
of oxygen street ground level.
B. ANAEROBIC
- Bacteria with the absence of
oxygen GASSES THAT ARE PRODUCED INSIDE
- Causes bad odor. THE SEPTIC TANK
- Can be treated through
putrefaction. 1. METHANE GAS (CH4)
- Combination of hydrogen
DIGESTION and carbon.
- Process of solid matte is being - Principal component of
reduced in sizes and consequently natural gas
changes in character.
2. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
- Combination of carbon and
SPECIFICATIONS OF SEPTIC TANK oxygen
Minimum Width = 90 cm - Simpliest oxide of carbon
Depth = 120 cm
Length = 150 cm 3. CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
- Is a by-product of methane.
- Poisonous gas.

4. HYDROGEN (H2)
- Evolves as a moist gas from
organic wste

5. HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)

- A colorless gas having
fensive odor

6. SULFUR DIOXIDE (HO2)

- Colorless gas having an
irritating odor.

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WATER TREATMENT FOR MUNICIPAL
DRINKING WATER 3. FLOCCULATION
- It is a physical process in
1. AERATION which the sediment
- Process by which air particles collide with each
circulate through, mixed other end stick together. It is
with or dissolved in a liquid a process wherein colloids
substance. come at of suspension in the
- It is a process where water form of hoc or flake after
is exposed to air by applying the coagulants .
spraying, applying or
engaging it into the - Coagulation and flocculation
atmosphere or air. are water treatment process
- It removes the entrained that can be used as a
gases such as carbon dioxide preliminary or intermediary
and hydrogen sulfide and step between other water or
absorb additional oxygen wastewater treatment
for better taste and odor. process like filtration and
sedimentation.
2. COAGULATION
- It is a chemical process in
which the coagulant reacts 4. SEDIMENTATION
with t sediment to make it - A process where suspended
capable of combining into solids are removed from the
larger particles. B at water by gravity settling an
coagulation and flocculation d deposition. Water is
involves the addition of passed through a
compounds that promote continuous sedimentation
the cIumping of fines into basin through a period of
Iarger floc so that they can time.
be more easily separated
from the water. - SIudge formed in this
process will be flushed out
- Iron and aluminum salts from the sedimentation
(alum) are the most widely basins end will be
used coagulants in this transferred to the solar
process. sludge drying bed to form
by-products such as
fertilizers.

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5. FILTRATION mix in and spread out,
- A physical process in water resulting in low levels that
treatment wherein water is kills germs but are still safe
passed through a thick layer to drink.
of granular media/filters to
trap the contamination and 7. FLUORIDATION
particle and separates it - It is a process of adding a
from the water. controlled amount of
- One common example of fluoride to a public water
filtration is the slow sand supply to reduce tooth
filters where the rate of decay.
filtration is intentionally - Fluorinated water
slow with use of sand that is contains fluoride at a level
smaller that sand used in that is effective for
rapids and fillers, so that preventing cavities; thus can
particles are not driven far occur naturally or by adding
into the bed of sand held fluoride.
within the filter shell. - De-fluorination is also
needed when the naturally
6. CHLORINATION/DISINFECTION occurring fluoride level
- It is a method of introducing exceed the recommended
a controlled amount of limits which is 0.5 to 1.5
chlorine to the water in mg/L based from the WHO
order to attain the desired (World Health
degree of disinfection. It is Organization)
considered as one of the
important chemical water
treatment since it is
essential in removing
bacteria present in water.

- Chlorine is available as
compressed elemental gas,
sodium hypochlorite
solution or solid calcium
hypochlorite. While the
chemicals could be harmful
in high doses, when they are
added to water, they

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 FIRE PROTECTION STANDPIPE SYSTEM
➢ A system of vertical pipes in a
building to which fire hoses can be
attached on each floor, including a
system by which water is made
available to water outlets as needed.

CLASSIFICATION OF STANDIPES

➢ CLASS I SYSTEMS
The Fire Triangle
- are installed for use by the
fire department and are
FIRE
typically required in
➢ A complex set of chemical reactions in
buildings that have more
which fuel combines with oxygen and
than three stories above or
ignition source to produce heat.
below grade because of the
time and difficulty involved
FIRE & FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
in laying hose from fire
apparatus directly to remote
CLASS OF FIRE TYPE OF FIRE
floors.

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➢ CLASS II SYSTEM ➢ CLASS III SYSTEMS
- are installed for use by - combine the features of
trained personnel and are Class I and Class II systems.
often required in large un- They are provided for both
sprinklered buildings. They full-scale and first-aid
might also be required to firefighting. These systems
protect special hazard areas, are generally intended for
such as exhibit halls and use by fire departments and
stages. fire brigades. Because of
their multiple uses, Class III
systems are provided with
both Class I and Class II hose
connections

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WET STANDPIPE DRY STANDPIPE
➢ An auxiliary fire line system with ➢ A type of standpipe system in which
a constant water supply installed the pipes are normally not filled with
primarily for emergency use by water.
the occupants of the building. ➢ Water is introduced to the system
through fire service connections
when needed.

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PIPE SIZING

• The minimum size pipe for Class I

and III standpipes is 4 in. (100
mm).
• If the standpipe is part of a
combined sprinkler system in a
partially sprinklered building, that is
increased to 6 inches (150 mm).
• If the building is protected with an
automatic sprinkler system, then
the minimum combined standpipe
size can be 4 in. (100 mm) if
hydraulically calculated.
• The branch lines of the standpipe
system are to be sized hydraulically
but cannot be smaller than 2 -1/2½
in. (65 mm).

UP-FEED PUMPING SYSTEM

• Provides continuous flow of water

from the deep well through the
domestic and fire reservoir. STANDPIPE AND HOSE
• Hydropneumatic tank is used to
store air under pressure that will STANDPIPE
balance out-surge from the two ➢ a vertical pipe, or a reservoir, into
domestic pumps which water is pumped to give it at a
• Sensing Unit which control the head; for use as water conveyance in
operation of the pumps: case of fire
1. Bubble Control Unit in each of FIRE HOSE
the two reservoirs ➢ always located near the stairs for use
2. Dual Control Unit that by firemen in case of fire
regulates the supply for the
pressure tank

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WET STANDPIPE AND SIAMESE AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION
CONNECTION SYSTEM
• This kind of SPRINKLER SYSTEM
standpipe is ➢ An integrated network of
connected to a hydraulically designed piping system
water supply installed in a building, structure or
distribution area with outlets arranged in a
system. systematic pattern which
• A connection automatically discharges water when
between the activated by heat or combustion
domestic water products from a fire.
system and fire ➢ Includes wet pipe and dry pipe
distribution Coverage of one sprinkler head
main must be provided with two Light hazard occupancy – 20 sqm
check valves and a manually Extra hazard condition – 10sqm
controlled gate valve. ➢ Nozzles are set about 2.40 – 3.60m
apart on the supply pipes, and spaced
about 3.00 to 4.00m apart at right
angle exposed beams or panels.
➢ Sprinkler system with gravity tank:
operate at least 25% of the sprinklers
for 30 mins.

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BATAS PAMBANSA (BP) NOTE: the totally blind could touch the edge of signs and
344 “ACCESSIBILITY easily determine whether it is straight or curved.
LAW”
8.7 The maximum height of water closets should be
0.45 m; flush control should have a maximum height of
WASHROOMS & TOILETS
8.1 Accessible public
washrooms and toilets shall
permit easy passage of a
wheelchair and allow the
occupant to enter a stall, close
the door and transfer to the water closet from either a
frontal or lateral position;

8.2 Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum

area of 1.70 x 180 mts One movable grab bar and one
fixed to the adjacent wall shall be installed at the
accessible water closet stall for lateral mounting: fixed
grab bars on both sides of the wall shall be installed for 1.20 m.
stalls for frontal mounting.
8.8 Maximum height of lavatories should be 0.80 m with
8.3 A space of 2.25 sq m. with a minimum dimension of a knee re-cess of 0.60 - 0.70 m vertical clearance and a
1.50 m. for wheelchairs shall be provided outside water 0.50 m depth;
closet stalls,
8.9 Urinals should have an elongated lip or should be
8.4 All accessible public toilets shall have accessories trough-type, the maximum height of the lip should be
such as mirrors, paper dispensers, towel racks, and 0.48 m.
fittings such as faucets mounted at heights reachable by
a person in a wheelchair.

8.5 The minimum number of accessible water closets on

each floor level or on that part of a loor level accessible
to the disabled shall be one (1) where the total number
of water closets per sex on that level is 20; and two (2)
where the number of 'water closets exceed 20:

8.6 In order to aid visually impaired persons to readily

determine whether a washroom is for men or for
women, the signage on men's washroom door shall be
an equilateral triangle with a vertex pointing upward,
and those for women shall be a circle, the edges of the
triangle should be 0.30 m long as should be the
diameter of the circle, these signages should at least be
7.5 mm thick: the color and gray value of these
geometric forms should be distinct from the color and
gray value of the doors: the words "'men and "women""
or the appropriate stick figures should still appear on
the washroom doors for the convenience of the fully
sighted

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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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