Amino Acids -

Amino acids contain an amino

group NH2 and a
carboxylic acid CO0H
group
- -
.

( chiral)
"
alpha carbon

It g-

_%°
- - - - '
. - - '

:-[
<

Is
-

-
'
, '
H
\
\j Hst
.

,
n
Hst
!
-

"
I
/ '
\
carboxylic I H I ☐µ
group '
amine '
. . - - -
-
'
R '
.
. ! -
- .

amine
group carboxyl group
•
All amino acids have the same basic structure .

Protonated acids
by Deprotonated by bases
•
.

acids
• There are
only 20 amino .

Acylation with acyl .

Esterification with alcohols

chloride / acid
WptS?
( with acid catalyst)
anhydride
•
R Groups Differ massively in size .
•

Nucleophilic substitution
R carbon except with halogen alkanes
•
groups generally contain ,
glycine :

Glycine lysine
Amino Acids
" H o
H
l
Naming
y "
"
N -
,
o - ct° ,
C -
o -
n
/

'
-

'm
&
" "°
fi ;
' I -

OH
-
i

: c
' CO0H
'
'
-

I
I
- .

'
RG0Y , Y ,
,

H H Ht I HZN -
C -
H 2- aminopropanoic acid
1- - -
.

I
R
Group
CH3
Zwitterions
%
kkñ¥ FO0H
HZN C H
dipolar has both
-

A ion it -

emitter ion is
-
-

a positive and a
negative charge in different
I
CH2
2- amino -
4-
methylpehtanoic acid

parts of the molecule . t.lt

→
Zwitterions
only exist near an amino acid 's YH3
isoelectric point .

H R R
R °
H °
I l " l
t l ✗ '

H -
Nt c- [
H -
wt -
C -
c n -
c-
'
-

1 I
I0H I t '
o
-

H f, 10 -

H H H H
Protonated zwitterion Deprotonated
Low pH Isoelectric Point High pH

chromatography ¥
Distance moved
by spot
Thin -

layer Rf =

v1
Distance moved
" a-- a - - - -
by solvent

> Amino be ultraviolet

acids can located on a
chromatogram using developing agents such as
ninhydrin or
light and

identified by their Rf values .

?
Why do
they separate

haqg.pt/-ferent
'
R
'

Amino acids different solubilities to the mobile phase and different

groups so
•

affinity to the
stationary phase .