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SQL Answers

The document contains a series of SQL queries categorized into medium, challenging, and advanced levels, addressing various data retrieval and manipulation tasks. Examples include finding the second highest salary, fetching employees based on name criteria, calculating running totals, and identifying duplicate records. It also covers more complex queries such as recursive structures, pivoting tables, and analyzing sales data.

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upendradas813
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

SQL Answers

The document contains a series of SQL queries categorized into medium, challenging, and advanced levels, addressing various data retrieval and manipulation tasks. Examples include finding the second highest salary, fetching employees based on name criteria, calculating running totals, and identifying duplicate records. It also covers more complex queries such as recursive structures, pivoting tables, and analyzing sales data.

Uploaded by

upendradas813
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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💡 Medium Level
1️⃣ Find the second highest salary in an employee table:

SELECT DISTINCT salary


FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1;

2️⃣ Fetch all employees whose names contain the letter “a” exactly twice:

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE name LIKE '%a%a%'
AND name NOT LIKE '%a%a%a%';

3️⃣ Retrieve only duplicate records from a table:

SELECT column_name, COUNT(*)


FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

4️⃣ Calculate the running total of sales by date:

SELECT date, sales,


SUM(sales) OVER (ORDER BY date) AS running_total
FROM sales_table;
5️⃣ Find employees who earn more than the average salary in their department:

SELECT e.*
FROM employees e
JOIN (
SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE e.salary > d.avg_salary;

6️⃣ Find the most frequently occurring value in a column:

SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) AS frequency


FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name
ORDER BY frequency DESC
LIMIT 1;

7️⃣ Fetch records where the date is within the last 7 days from today:

SELECT *
FROM table_name
WHERE date_column >= CURDATE() - INTERVAL 7 DAY;

8️⃣ Count how many employees share the same salary:

SELECT salary, COUNT(*) AS employee_count


FROM employees
GROUP BY salary
ORDER BY employee_count DESC;

9️⃣ Fetch the top 3 records for each group in a table:

SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT *,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY group_column ORDER BY some_column
DESC) AS rank
FROM table_name
) ranked_data
WHERE rank <= 3;

🔟 Retrieve products that were never sold (using LEFT JOIN):


SELECT p.*
FROM products p
LEFT JOIN sales s ON p.product_id = s.product_id
WHERE s.product_id IS NULL;

💡 Challenging Level
1️⃣ Retrieve customers who made their first purchase in the last 6 months:

SELECT customer_id
FROM orders
WHERE order_date = (
SELECT MIN(order_date)
FROM orders o
WHERE o.customer_id = orders.customer_id
)
AND order_date >= CURDATE() - INTERVAL 6 MONTH;

2️⃣ Pivot a table to convert rows into columns (Example: Sales by Month):

SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT customer_id, amount, MONTH(order_date) AS month
FROM sales
) s
PIVOT (
SUM(amount) FOR month IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
) p;

3️⃣ Calculate the percentage change in sales month-over-month:

SELECT year, month, sales,


(sales - LAG(sales) OVER (ORDER BY year, month)) / LAG(sales)
OVER (ORDER BY year, month) * 100 AS pct_change
FROM sales_table;

4️⃣ Find the median salary of employees:

SELECT salary
FROM (
SELECT salary,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY salary) AS row_num,
COUNT(*) OVER () AS total_rows
FROM employees
) ranked
WHERE row_num = total_rows / 2 OR row_num = (total_rows / 2) + 1;

5️⃣ Fetch all users who logged in consecutively for 3 days or more:

SELECT user_id
FROM (
SELECT user_id, login_date,
LEAD(login_date, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY user_id ORDER BY
login_date) AS next_day,
LEAD(login_date, 2) OVER (PARTITION BY user_id ORDER BY
login_date) AS third_day
FROM logins
) consecutive_logins
WHERE next_day = login_date + INTERVAL 1 DAY
AND third_day = login_date + INTERVAL 2 DAY;
6️⃣ Delete duplicate rows while keeping one occurrence:

DELETE FROM employees


WHERE id NOT IN (
SELECT MIN(id)
FROM employees
GROUP BY name, salary, department_id
);

7️⃣ Calculate the ratio of sales between two categories:

SELECT
SUM(CASE WHEN category = 'Category_A' THEN sales ELSE 0 END) /
SUM(CASE WHEN category = 'Category_B' THEN sales ELSE 1 END) AS
sales_ratio
FROM sales_table;

8️⃣ Recursive query to generate a hierarchical structure:

WITH RECURSIVE hierarchy AS (


SELECT id, name, parent_id
FROM employees
WHERE parent_id IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT e.id, e.name, e.parent_id
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN hierarchy h ON e.parent_id = h.id
)
SELECT * FROM hierarchy;

9️⃣ Find gaps in sequential numbering within a table:

SELECT t1.id + 1 AS missing_number


FROM table_name t1
LEFT JOIN table_name t2 ON t1.id + 1 = t2.id
WHERE t2.id IS NULL;

🔟 Split a comma-separated string into individual rows using SQL:


SELECT value
FROM STRING_SPLIT('apple,banana,orange', ',');

💡 Advanced Problem-Solving
1️⃣ Rank products by sales in descending order for each region:

SELECT region, product_id, sales,


RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY region ORDER BY sales DESC) AS rank
FROM sales_table;

2️⃣ Fetch all employees whose salaries fall within the top 10% of their department:

SELECT *
FROM employees e
WHERE salary >= (
SELECT PERCENTILE_CONT(0.9) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY salary)
FROM employees e2
WHERE e.department_id = e2.department_id
);

3️⃣ Identify orders placed during business hours (9 AM to 6 PM):

SELECT *
FROM orders
WHERE HOUR(order_time) BETWEEN 9 AND 18;

4️⃣ Count of users active on both weekdays and weekends:

SELECT user_id
FROM user_activity
WHERE DAYOFWEEK(activity_date) BETWEEN 2 AND 6
INTERSECT
SELECT user_id
FROM user_activity
WHERE DAYOFWEEK(activity_date) IN (1, 7);

5️⃣ Retrieve customers who made purchases across at least three different categories:

SELECT customer_id
FROM sales
GROUP BY customer_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT category) >= 3;

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