DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 1

EXERCISE-1

[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]

cos (x  y ) cos (y  z) cos ( z  x)

Q. The determinant cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x ) =
sin (x  y ) sin (y  z) sin ( z  x)
(A) 2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x) (B*)  2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x)
(C) 2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x) (D)  2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x)
Hint: Expand the determinant using first row and use x – y = A , y – z = B and z – x= C
 A+B+C=0

Q. Give the correct order of initials T or F for following statements. Use T if statement is true and F if it is false.
Statement-1 : If the graphs of two linear equations in two variables are neither parallel nor identical,
then there is a unique solution to the system.
Statement-2 : If the system of equations ax + by = 0, cx + dy = 0 has a non-zero solution, then it has
infinitely many solutions.
Statement-3 : The system x + y + z = 1, x = y, y = 1 + z is inconsistent.
Statement-4 : If two of the equations in a system of three linear equations are inconsistent, then the
whole system is inconsistent.
(A) FFTT (B*) TTFT (C) TTFF (D) TTTF
Sol. Statement-3 is false as system of eqation solution rest an obivous

1 3 1   1 
Q. The equation [1 x y] 0 2  1  x  = [0] has
0 0 1   y 
  
(i) for y = 0 (p) rational roots
(ii) for y = –1 (q) irrational roots
(r) integral roots
Then
(i) (ii)
(A) (p) (r)
(B) (q) (p)
(C*) (p) (q)
(D) (r) (p)
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 2

1 3 1   1  1 
Sol. [1 x y] 0 2  1  x  = [0]  [1 3 + 2x 1 – x + y]  x  = [0]
0 0 1   y   y
    
 [1 + 3x + 2x2 + y – xy + y2] = [0]  2x2 + y2 + y + 3x – xy + 1 = 0
If y = 0, 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
1
 (2x – 1) (x + 1) = 0  x = – , –1 (rational roots)
2
If y = –1, 2x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
 4  12  2  3
 x= = (irrational roots)
4 2
a b 
Q. If A = 0 a  is nth root of I2, then choose the correct statement :
 
(i) if n is odd, a = 1, b = 0 (ii) if n is odd, a = –1, b = 0
(iii) if n is even, a = 1, b = 0 (iv) if n is even, a = –1, b = 0
(A) (i), (ii), (iii) (B) (ii), (iii), (iv) (C) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (D*) (i), (iii), (iv)
Sol. If A is n root of I2, then An = I2. Now,
th

a b  a b  a 2 2ab
A2   
0 a  0 a   0 a 2 

 2 2ab a b  a 3 3ab a n nab

A 3  A 2 A a 0 a    0 a 3  An
0 a 2   
Thus, = 0
 a n 

a n nab 1 0 
Now An = I  0 a n  = 0 1  an = 1, b = 0


Q. Let A, B be two matrices such that they commute, then for any positive integer n,
(i) ABn = BnA (ii) (AB)n = AnBn
(A) only (i) is correct (B*) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
(C) only (ii) is correct (D) none of (i) and (ii) is correct
Sol. n
AB = A B B B B B …… B
= (AB) B B B .…… B
= BB (AB) B B …… B

= Bn A
(AB)n = (AB) (AB) (AB) …… (AB)
= A(BA) (BA) (BA) …… (BA) B
= A(AB) (AB) (AB) …… (AB)B
= A2 (BA) (BA) (BA) …… (BA)B2
= A2 (AB) (AB) (AB) …… (AB) B2
= A3 (BA) (BA) (BA) …… (BA) B3

= AnBn
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 3

2, when i  j  det adj (adj A )  

Q. If A = [aij]4×4, such that aij = 0, when i  j , then   is (where {·} represents
  7 
fractional part function)
1 2 3
(A*) (B) (C) (D) None of these
7 7 7
Sol. From given data |A| = 2 4

 |adj (adj) A| = (24) = 236

 dt adj (adj)A    236   (7  1)12  1

  =  = =
 7   7   7  7

  
Q. If  is to be the square root of two-rowed unit matrix, then ,  and  should staisfy the
    
relation [
(A) 1 –  +  = 0 (B*)  +  –1 = 0 (C) 1 +  +  = 0 (D) 1 – 2 –  = 0
2 2 2

Sol. We have,

      1 0  2   0  1 0
     2 + – 1 = 0
          0 1
 0     0 1
2

Q. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then (I + A)3 – 7A is

(A) 3I (B) O (C*) I (D) 2I
Sol. Given A2 = A. Now
(I + A)3 – 7A = I3 + 3I2A + 3IA2 + A3 – 7A = I + 3A + 3A + A – 7A = I + O = I
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 4

EXERCISE-2

[PARAGRAPH TYPE]

Paragraph for Question Nos. 1 to 3

For R. Let
cos(  ) sin(  ) 1
cos(  ) sin(  ) 1
A () =
cos(   ) sin(   ) 1

Q.1 If a = A/2 (), b = A/3 (). Which of the following is true

(A*) a = b (B) a < b (C) a > b (D) 2a = b

Q.2 A2 + A2 – 2(A)2 equals

(A) –2AA (B) A+ A (C) A– A (D*) None of these

Q.3 If  are fixed, then y = Ax () represents

(A*) a straight line parallel to x-axis (B) a straight line through the origin
(C) a parabola with vertex at origin (D) None of these

cos(  ) sin(  ) 1
cos(  ) sin(  ) 1
Sol. A () =
cos(  ) sin(   ) 1
A (, , )  sin ( – ) sin ( – ) sin ( – ) = k
 which is independent of 

(i) If a = A/2 () & b = A/3 ()

so a = b (Independent of )
(ii) A2 + A2 – 2(A)2 = k2 + k2 – 2k2 = 0

(iii) If  are fixed then y = Ax(, , ) = constant

which is a straight line parallel to x-axis.
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 5

Paragraph for question nos. 4 to 6

A Pythagorean triple is triplet of positive integers (a, b, c) such that a2 + b2 = c2. Define the matrices A,
B and C by
1 2 3 1 2 2   1  2  2
A=  2 1 2 ,B=   2  1  2  and C =  2 1 2
2 2 3  2 2 3   2 2 3 
Q.4 If we write Pythagorean triples (a, b, c) in matrix form as [a, b, c] then which of the following matrix
product is not a Pythagorean triplet?
(A*) [3,4,5]A (B) [3,4,5]B (C) [3,4,5]C (D) None of these

Q.5 Which one of the following does not hold good?

(A) A–1 = adj. A (B) (AB)–1 = adj. (AB)
–1
(C) (BC) = adj. (BC) (D*) (ABC)–1  adj. (ABC)

Q.6 Tr(A + BT + 3C) equals

(A*) 17 (B) 15 (C) 19 (D) 18

1 2 3
Sol. [3 4 5] 2 1 2 = [21 20 29]
  2 2 3  
13 
Pythagoren triplet
33

|||ly [3 4 5] [B] = [5 12 13]

and [3 4 5] [C] = [15 8 17]
hence question no.(i) answer is (D)
(ii) det. A = 1 ; det. B = 1, det. C = 1 (verify)
det. (A B) = (det. A ) (det. B) = (1) (1) = 1
det. (BC) = (det. B) (det. C) = (1) (1) = 1
det. (CA ) = (det. C) (det. A ) = (1) (1) = 1
det. (A BC) = (det. A ) (det. B) (det. C) = 1
(iii) T r(A + BT + 3C) =  a ii   bii  3 cii = 5 + 3 + 9 = 17 Ans. is (A)
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 6

Paragraph for question nos. 7 to 10

Consider the matrix function

 cos1 x sin 1 x cosec1x 

 1 1 1 
A(x) =  sin x sec x tan x 
1 1 1
 cosec x tan x cot x 

and B = A–1. Also, det.(A(x)) denotes the determinant of square matrix A(x).

Q.7 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

(A) A(– x) = A(x). (B*) A(x) + A(–x) =  I3
(C) A(–x) = – A(x). (D) A(x) + A(–x) = – I 3
[Note : I3 denotes an identity matrix of order 3.]

Q.8 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

(A*) A(x) is a symmetric matrix.
(B) A(x) is a skew symmetric matrix.
3
(C*) Maximum value of det.(A(x)) equals .
8
3
(D*) Minimum value of det.(A(x)) equals .
16

Q.9 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

(A*) det.(A(x)) is a continuous function in its domain but not differentiable in its domain.
(B) det.(A(x)) is a continuous and differentiable function in its domain.
(C*) det.(A(x)) is a bounded function.
(D) det.(A(x)) is one-one and odd function.

Q.10 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

8
(A*) If a = det. (B) + det. (B2) + det. (B3) + ....... , then minimum value of a equals .
3  8
(B*) If b = det. adj. (B) + det. adj. (B2) + det. adj. (B3) + ....... , then maximum value of b is
256
6 .
  256
16
(C*) If a = det. (B) + det. (B2) + det. (B3) + ....... , then maximum value of a equals .
3  16
(D*) If b = det. adj. (B) + det. adj. (B2) + det. adj. (B3) + ....... , then minimum value of b is
64
6 .
  64
[
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 7

Sol.
  cos 1 x  sin 1 x  cosec 1x 
 
(i) A(–x) =  sin 1 x   sec 1 x  tan 1 x  = – A(x) +  I 3 × 3
 cosec 1x  tan 1 x   cot 1 x 

 A(x) + A(–x) =  I3
(ii) A(x) is symmetric matrix as AT = A.
Now, x  {– 1, 1}
3 3
 A(1) = = M and A (1 ) = = m.
8 16
(iii) det. A( x )  is a point function.
 det. A( x )  is a continuous function but not differentiable function in its domain.

 3 3 
Also, det. A( x )    8 , 16  bounded function.
 
Note : (i) det. A( x )  is a one-one function.
(ii) det. A( x )  is not odd function because | A (–1) | + | A (1) |  0

1
(iv) Given B = A–1  | B | =
|A|

1
|A| B 1
Now, a = det. (B) + det. (B2) + det. (B3) + .......  = = =
1 B 1 A 1
1
|A|

16 8
 amax = 3 and amin = 3
  16  8
2 3
b = |adj (B) | + |(adj B) | + |(adj B) | + ........
2

As, adj (B)  

B 1
2 4 6 2
b= B  B  B  ...... = 2 = A 2
1 B
1 B

256 64
therefore, bmax = , b = .]
6  256 min 6  64
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 8

[REASONING TYPE]
2
0 cos x  sin x
Q. Let f(x) = sin x 0 cos x
cos x sin x 0
Statement-1: If sin 2x = 1, then f(x) = 2/3.
Statement-2: f(x) = 0 if sin x = cos x.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D*) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
2
0 cos x  sin x
Sol. f(x) = sin x 0 cos x  cos 3
x  sin 3 x 
2

cos x sin x 0

2
 1 
f(x)  (cos x – sin x)2 (1 + sin x . cos x)2  (1 – sin 2x) 1  sin 2 x 
 2 
 If sin 2x = 1 then f(x) = 0 or f(x) = 0 then sin x = cos x
So option D is correct

Q. Statement-1: If A and B are 2 × 2 matrices such that det. (A – B) = 0, then A = B.

Statement-2: If A and B are square matrices of same order such that AB = O and B is
not a null matrix, then A must be singular.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D*) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

Sol. Statement-1: For example : A  3 5 , B  1 2  A – B = 2 3

4 7  2 4 2 3
 det. (A – B) = 0 but AB.
Statement-2: Suppose A is non-singular, then A–1 will exist.
 AB = O  A–1 AB = A–1 O  B = O (which is not so.)
So, A must be singular. Ans.

Q. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non-zero entries such that A2 = I, where I is a 2 × 2 identity matrix.
Define Tr(A) = Sum of diagonal elements of A and |A| = determinant of matrix A.
Statement-1: Tr (A) = 0
Statement-2: | A | = 1
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C*) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 9

a b
Sol. Let A =   , where abcd  0
c d

 a b   a b   a 2  bc ab  bd   1 0 
A2=    = 2 =  
 c d   c d   ac  cd bc  d   0 1 
 a2 + bc = 1, bc + d2 = 1 ab + bd = ac + cd = 0  (a + d)b = 0 and c(a + d) = 0
As c  0 and b  0  a + d = 0
 Tr (A) = 0 Also | A | = ad – bc = a (– a) – bc = – a2 – bc = – 1.
 Statement - 1 is true and Statement-2 is false.

[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]

bc a b ( b  c) 2 a2 bc
2
Q. Let D1 = c  a c a and D2 = (c  a ) b2 ca
ab b c (a  b ) 2 c2 ab

The divisor which is common to both D1 and D2 is

(A) (a – b) (B) (ab + bc + ca) (C*) a + b + c (D*) (c – a)
Sol. We have D1 = (a + b + c)(c – a) 2

and D2 = (a – b)(b – c)(c – a) (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2)

Q. Which of the following is(are) correct?

(A*) If A and B are two square matrices of order 3 and A is a non-singular matrix such that
AB = O, then B must be a null matrix.
(B*) If A, B, C are three square matrices of order 2 and det. (A) = 2, det.(B) = 3, det. (C) = 4, then
the value of det. (3ABC) is 216.
1
(C) If A is a square matrix of order 3 and det. (A) = , then det. (adj. A–1) is 8.
2
(D) Every skew symmetric matrix is singular.

Sol.(A) Given that AB = O, where det. (A)  0 .......(1)

So, A–1 exists.
Now, pre-mutiplying equation (1) with A–1, we get
(A–1A) B = A–1O  B = Onull matrix.
(B) Given, det. (A) = 2, det. (B) = 3, det. (C) = 4
So, det. (3ABC) = 32 det. (A) det. (B) det. (C) = 9(2) (3) (4) = 216. Ans.
(As, A, B, C are square matrices of order 2.)
1
(C) Given, det. (A) = (order of matrix A is 3)
2
As, det. (adj. A) = (det. A)n – 1 ......(1)
–1
place A by A in equation (1) and take n = 3, we get
2 1 1
det (adj. A–1) = A 1 = 2
 2
 4 . Ans.
A 1
 
2
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 10

(D) We know that skew symmetric matrix of odd order is singular. But , if order of skew symmetric matrix
is even, then it need not be singular. For example,
0  4 
A = 4 0  and det. A = 16 (non - singular). Ans.
 

Q. If A and B are two 3 × 3 matrices such that their product AB is a null matrix then
(A*) det. A  0  B must be a null matrix.
(B*) det. B  0  A must be a null matrix.
(C*) If none of A and B are null matrices then atleast one of the two matrices must be singular.
(D*) If neither det. A nor det. B is zero then the given statement is not possible. [3012112045]
Hint: AB = O
 | AB | = 0  |A| | B | = 0
 det A  0
 A–1 exist
 A–1(AB) = 0
IB = 0
B=0  B must be null matrix.

Q. Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?

(A) Every skew-symmetric matrix is non-invertible.
(B) If A and B are two 3 × 3 matrices such that AB = O then alteast one of A and B must be null
matrix.
(C*) If the minimum number of cyphers in an upper triangular matrix of order n is 5050, then
the order of matrix is 101.
(D*) If A and B are two square matrices of order 3 such that det. A = 5 and det. B = 2, then det.
(10AB) equals 104.
Sol.(A) Skew-symmetric matrix of even order can be invertible also.
 0 2
e.g.  2 0
 
(B) If AB = O 
 that one of the matrices is zero.
0  1 5 5
e.g. A = 0 2  , B = 0 0  AB = O.
   
n ( n  1)
(C) Minimum number of cyphers in an upper triangular matrix of order n is = 5050  n = 101.
2
(D) We have | 10 AB | = 103 |A| |B| = (103)(5)(2) = 104.
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 11

[MATRIX TYPE]

 2 sin  cos  sin 2 1 1

1 cos  sin  cos 2 2 3
Q. p() = , q() = 2
1 sin   cos  cos 2 3 5

cos  sin  cos  sec 2  1 1

 sin  cos  sin  cos  cos  cosec 2 
2 2
r() = and s() =
 cos   sin  cos  1 cos 2  cot 2 
Match the functions on the left with their range on the right.
(A) p() (P) [0, 1]
(B) q() (Q) [0, 2 2 ]
(C) r() (R) [–2, 2]
(D) s() (S) [– 5 – 2, – 5 + 2]
[Ans. (A)  Q; (B)  R; (C)  R; (D)  P ]

 2 sin  cos 
Sol. p() = 1 cos  sin  = 2 + sin 2 + cos 2    
2 +  2 , 2 = 0, 2 2 
1 sin   cos 

sin 2 1 1
q() = 2 cos 2 2 3 = 2 (sin 2 – cos 2)   
2  2 , 2 = [–2, 2]
cos 2 3 5

cos  sin  cos 

r() =  sin  cos  sin  = 2 cos   [–2, 2]
 cos   sin  cos 

sec 2  1 1
and s() = cos  cos  cosec 2  = (sin2  – 1)2  [0, 1]
2 2

1 cos 2  cot 2 

Sol. R = PTQKP
= PT(PAPT)K P
= P T PAP

T
PAP T
..........
.... PAP

T
 P
K times
= AK as PPT = I as P is orthogonal
1  2K  4K 
R = AK =  K 1  2K 

DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 12

|||ly T = PTSKP = BK

 K b(a K  1) 
B = a
K
a 1  ]


0 1 

Q. Consider a square matrix A of order 2 which has its elements as 0,1,2 and 4.
Let N denote the number of such matrices, all elements of which are distinct.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Possible non-negative value of det(A) is (P) 2
(B) Sum of values of determinants corresponding to N matrices is (Q) 4
(C) If absolute value of (det(A)) is least, then possible value of | adj(adj(adj A)) | (R) –2
(D) If det (A) is algebraically least, then possible value of det(4A–1) is (S) 0
(T) 8

[Ans. (A) P, Q, T ; (B) S; (C) P, R ; (D) R ]

Sol. Here 24 matrices are possible.
Values of determinants corresponding to these matrices are as follows :
1 0 1 0 2 0
4 2 = 2 (4 matrices), 2 4 = 4 (4 matrices), 1 4 = 8 (4 matrices)
And 12 more matrices are there, values of whose determinants are –2, –4, –8.
(A) Possible non-negative values of det. (A) are 2, 4, 8.
(B) Sum of these 24 determinants is 0.
(C) Mod. (det(A)) is least  | A | = ± 2
( n 1)3
 | adj (adj (adj (A)) | = A =±2
(D) Least value of det.(A) is –8
1 16
Now, | 4 A–1 | = 16 = = –2
|A| 8