DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 1

EXERCISE-3

(2r ) x N ( N  1) N
Q.1
3
2
If r = (6r  1) y N 2 (2 N  3) , where N  natural numbers. Then  r is equal to
(4r  2 Nr ) z N 3 ( N  1) r 1

N
2( N )( N  1)
Sol.  2r =
2
= N(N + 1)
r 1

N
 ( N  1)( 2 N  1) 
 (6r 2  1)  6 N 6
  N = 2N3 + 3N2

r 1

N
4 N 2 ( N  1) 2 2( N )( N  1)
 (4r 3  2 Nr )  4

2
= N3 + (N + 1)
r 1

N N ( N  1) x N ( N  1)
Adding all  r  2N33  3N 2 y N 2 (2 N  3) = 0
r 1 N ( N  1) z N 3 ( N  1)

bc ca ab
Q.2 If a, b and c are pth, qth and rth terms of an H.P. then p q r =
1 1 1
Sol. Let A is the first term and D is the common difference of corresponsding A.P. then
1 1 1
= A + (P – 1)D = A + (q – 1)D = A + (r – 1)D
a b c
bc ca ab 1/ a 1/ b 1/ c
Let = p q r = abc p q r
1 1 1 1 1 1
Applying R1 R1 – D(R2) – (A – D)R3
0 0 0
= abc p q r = 0
1 1 1
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 2

my  nz mq  nr mb  nc
Q.3  = kz  mx kr  mp kb  ma is equal to
 nx  ky  np  kq  na  kb
[Ans.  = 0 ]
x y z 0 m n
my  nz mq  nr mb  nc p q r m 0 k
Sol.  = kz  mx kr  mp kb  ma by observation = a b c  n  k 0
 nx  ky  np  kq  na  kb    
I II

0 m n
Clearly  m 0 k is skew symmetric. Hence = 0
n k 0

Q.4 There are three values of t for which the following system of equations has non-trivial solutions.
(a – t) x + by + cz = 0, bx + (c – t) y + az = 0, cx + ay + (b – t)z = 0. We can express the product of
the three values of t in the form of a determinant as
a b c
[Ans. b c a ]
c a b

at b c
Sol. For non trivial solution of the given system of equation's D = b ct a =0
c a bt
This leads to a monic cubic equation in t say
x3 + qx2 + rx + S = 0
t1t2t3 = –s
a b c
Therefore t1t2t3 = D (where t = 0) = b c a
c a b

x2  x  2 2 x 2  3x  1 3x 2  5 x  3
2 2 2
Q.5  = 20 x  20 x  59 40 x  60 x  20 60 x  100 x  70 = Ax2 + Bx + C
2 2
2x  2x  6 4x  6x  2 6 x 2  10 x  7

where A and B are determinants of order 3 not involving x, then A, B & C is

[Ans. A = 2, B = 3, C = 1 ]
Sol. Apply R2  R2 – 2R1 – 9R3 and R3 R3 – 2R1 in

x2  x  2 2 x 2  3x  1 3x 2  5 x  3
2 2 2
= 20 x  20 x  59 40 x  60 x  20 60 x  100 x  70
2 2
2x  2x  6 4x  6x  2 6 x 2  10 x  7
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 3

Gives us

x 2  x  2 2 x 2  3x  1 3x 2  5 x  3 1 2 3 1 3 5 2 1 3
2
 = 1 0 1 = x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1  1 0 1
2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
  
A B C
A = 2; B = 3; C = 1
A + B + C = 6. Ans.

sin 2 x e x sin x  x cos x sin x  x 2 cos x

Q.6 (x) = cos x  sin x ex  x 1 x2 , then find (2).
e x cos x e2x ex

[Ans. 0 ]

sin x · cos x  sin x · cos x  0 e x sin x  x cos x  0 sin x  x 2 cos x  0

cos x  sin x  0 ex  x  0 1 x2  0
Sol. (x) = x 2x
e cos x  0  0 e 00 ex  0  0

sin x cos x 1 cos x sin x 0

(x) = 1x 1 1 × ex x 0 = 0 , which is independent of x hence (2) = 0. Ans.
2
e 0 0 1 x 0

6  cos 2 x cos2 x 4 sin 2 x

2 2
Q.7 If f (x) = sin x 5  cos x 4 sin 2 x , where x  R. Find maximum value of f(x).
2 2
sin x cos x 5  4 sin 2 x

[Ans. 250 ]

5  sin 2 x cos2 x 4 sin 2 x

2 2
Sol. Given f(x) = sin x 5  cos x 4 sin 2 x
(sin 2 x ) (cos 2 x ) 5  4 sin 2 x

Applying R1  R1 – R2 and R2  R2 – R3
5 5 0 1 1 0
f(x) = 0 5 5 = 25 0 1 1
sin 2 x (cos 2 x ) 5  4 sin 2 x sin 2 x cos2 x 5  4 sin 2 x
f(x) = 150 + 100 sin 2x
Thus maximum value of f(x) = 250. Ans.
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 4

x3  1 x 2y x 2z
Q.8 The number of positive integral solution of the equation xy 2 y3  1 y 2z = 30 is
xz 2 yz 2 z 3  1

[Ans. 6 ]

1 x2y x 2z
x3  1 x 2y x 2z x3  1 x 2y x 2z
0 y3  1 y 2z
Sol. xy 2 y 2  1 y 2 z = 30  xy 2 y 2  1 y 2 z + = 30
0 yz 2 z 3  1
xz 2 yz 2 z 3  1 xz 2
yz 2 3
z 1

x2 x2y x 2z
2
= x y y3  1 y 2z + (y3 + 1) (z3 + 1) – y3z3 = 30
zh 2 yz 2 z 3  1

Apply C2  C2 – yC1 and C3  C3 – zC1

x2 0 0
y1 1 0
= x 2 + y3z3 + z3 + y3 + 1 – y3z3 = x3 + y3 + z3 + 1 = 30
z 0 1
x3 + y3 + z3 = 29 As 29 = 33 + 13 + 13 then solutions are (3, 1, 1) (1, 3, 1) and (1, 1, 3)
Hence three positive integral solutions.

x2 ( x  1)2 ( x  2) 2
2
Q.9 If ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = ( x  1) ( x  2) 2 ( x  3)2 , then find a, b, c, d
( x  2) 2 ( x  3) 2 ( x  4) 2

[Ans. a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = –8 ]

x2 ( x  1)2 ( x  2) 2
2
Sol. Let D = ( x  1) ( x  2) 2 ( x  3)2 Applying C1  C1 – C2 ; C2  C2  C2 – C3
( x  2) 2 ( x  3) 2 ( x  4) 2

(2 x  1) (2 x  3) ( x  2)2
2
= (2 x  3) (2 x  5) ( x  3) R1  R2 – R2 and R2  R2 – R3
(2 x  5) (2 x  7) ( x  4)2

2 2 (2 x  5)
= 2 2 (2 x  7) Again R1  R2 – R2
2 x  5 2 x  7 ( x  4) 2
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 5

0 0 2
= 2 2 ( 2 x  7) = 8
(2 x  5) (2 x  7) ( x  4) 2
Value of determinant is independent of x  a = b = c = 0 d = – 8.
log2 ((a – b) + (c – d)) = log28 = 3. Ans.

33 14 ln a
Q.10 If a, b, c, d > 0; x  R and (a2 + b2 + c2)x2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)x + b2 + c2 + d2  0. Then 65 27 ln b
97 40 ln c
is equal to
[Ans. 0 ]
Sol. Given in equation (a2 + b2 + c2)x2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)x + b2 + c2 + d2  0
(ax – b) 2 + (bx – c)2 + (cd – d)2  0  (ax – b)2 + (bx – c)2 + (cx – d)2 = 0
b c d
    x  b2 = ac or 2 ln b = ln a + ln c
a b c
33 14 ln a
Now,  = 65 27 ln b
97 40 ln c

130 54 ln a  ln c
Apply R1  R1 + R3  = 65 27 ln b
97 40 ln c

0 0 0
Now R1  R1 – 2R3  = 65 27 ln b = 0
97 40 ln c

ax c b
Q.11 If a + b + c = 0 and , ,  are the roots of the equation c b  x a = 0. Then  is
b a cx
[Ans. 0 ]
ax c b
Sol. D= c b  x a =0 Is monic cubic in x, so  must be absolute ter
b a ca
Put x = 0 in D to get
a c b
c b a
b a c
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 6

Apply R1  R1 + R2 + R3
acb c b 0 c b
= c  b  a b a = 0 b a = 0. Ans.
bac a c 0 a c

(1  x ) 22 (1  x ) 44 (1  x )66
33
Q.12 The coefficient of x in the expansion of (1  x ) (1  x )66 (1  x )99 is
(1  x ) 44 (1  x )88 (1  x )144

[Ans. 0 ]
Sol. Let f(x) = A0 + A1x + ...... + A232 x232
Thus coefficient of x = f '(0).
22 44 66 1 1 1 1 1 1
f '(0) = 1 1 1 + 33 66 99 + 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 44 88 144
f '(0) = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
Hence coefficient of x in given determinant = 0. Ans.

2 abcd ab  cd
Q.13 Evaluate : (a  b  c  d ) 2(a  b)(c  d ) ab(c  d )  cd(a  b)
ab  cd ab(c  d )  cd(a  b) 2abcd
[Ans. 0 ]
11 0 (a  b )  (c  d )  0 ab  cd  0
Sol. D = (a  b)  (c  d )  0 (a  b)(c  d )  (c  d )(a  b)  0 ab(c  d )  cd(a  b)  0
ab  cd  0 ab(c  d )  cd(a  b)  0 abcd  abcd  0

1 1 0 1 1 0
= a  b c  d 0  c  d a  b 0 = 0. Ans.
ab cd 0 cd ab 0

Q.14 The system of equations x + 2y + 3z = 4, 2x + 3y + 4z = 5, 3x + 4y + 5z = 6 has

[Ans. Many solution ]
1 2 3
[Sol. D = 2 3 4 = 0 ; and D1, D2, D3 not all zero. Hence infinitely many solutions. ]
3 4 5
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 7

sin 3  1 1
Q.15 If cos 2 4 3 = 0, then find the number of values of  in [0, 2].
2 7 7
[Ans. 0005 ]
sin 3 1 1
Sol. cos 2 4 3 =0
2 7 7

0 1 0
C1  C1  (sin 3)C 2 
cos 2  4 sin 3 7 0  C3  C3  C 2 
i.e. 4

2  7 sin 3 7 14

cos 2  4 sin 3 7
i.e. –(–1) =0 [expanding along R1]
2  7 sin 3 14
i.e. 2 (cos 2 + 4 sin 3) – (2 + 7 sin 3) = 0
i.e. 2 (cos 2 – 1) + sin 3 = 0 i.e. –4 sin2  + 3 sin  – 4 sin3  = 0
i.e. – sin  (4 sin  + 4 sin  – 3) = 0
2  sin  (2 sin  – 1) (2 sin  + 3) = 0
1
 sin  = 0; sin  =
2
  5 
0, , , , 2 Total 5 solution.
 6 6 

Q.16 If the smallest value of  lying between 0 and and satisfying the equation
2

1  cos 2  sin 2  4 sin 4

2
cos  1  sin  2
4 sin 4 = 0 can be written in the form a .
2 2
cos  sin  1  4 sin 4 b

[where HCF(a, b) = 1 and a, b  N], then find the value of (a + b).

[Ans. 0031]
Sol. Apply C1  C1 + C2 + C3

2  4 sin 4 sin 2  4 sin 4

2  4 sin 4 1  sin  2
4 sin 4 0
2  4 sin 4 sin 
2
1  4 sin 4
Apply R2  R2 – R1 , R3  R3 – R2, After taking 1 + 2 sin 4 common

1 sin 2  4 sin 4
2(1 + 2 sin 4) 0 1 0 =0
0 0 1
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 8

1  
sin 4 =  4  = n + (–1)n   
2  6
Put n=1
 7 7  a
4=+   =   a + b = 31 Ans.
6 6 24 b

Q.17 The system of equations x + y + z = 3, x + 2y + 3z = 4, x + 3y + 9z = 6 has

9 2 1
[Ans. x = ,y= ,z= ]
4 4 4
1 1 1
Sol. D= 1 2 3 D=40
1 3 9
Hence equation will have unique solution
3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
Dx = 4 2 3 = 9 ; Dy = 1 4 3 = 2 ; Dz = 1 2 4 = 1
6 3 9 1 6 9 1 3 6

9 2 1
Now x = ,y= and z = Ans. ]
4 4 4

Q.18 If the system of equations x + (b – a)y + (c – a)z = 0, (a – b)x + y + (c – b)z = 0 and

(a – c)x + (b – c)y + z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, then the value of  is [Ans.  = 0 ]
Sol. As the given system of equations has non-trivial
 ba ca
 a b  cb 0
a c bc 
when  = 0 then determinants becomes skew-symmetric determinants of odd order, which is equal to
zero. Thus  = 0 .

Q.19 If [x] stands for the greatest integer less or equal to x, then in order that the set of equations
x – 3y = 4; 5x + y = 2; [2]x – [e]y = [2a] may be consistent then 'a' should lie in
 7
[Ans. 3, 2  ]

5 9
Sol. On solving x – 3y = 4 and 5x + y = 2, we get x = , y = – . As [2] = 6 and [e] = 2
8 8
5 9
so that the three equations are consistence if [2]. + [e] = [2a] or [2a] = 6
8 8
7
This gives 6  2a < 7 or 3  a <
2
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 9

Q.20 If the system of equation 2x + 5y + 8z = 0 , x + 4y + 7z = 0, 6x + 4y – z = 0 has a non-trivial solution,

then  is equal to [Ans. –2 ]
Sol. For non-trivial solution D = 0
2 5 8
D= 1 4 7 =0 which gives  = –2
6 4 

p b c
p q r
Q.21 If a  p, b  q, c  r and a q c = 0 then the value of   is
a b r pa qb rc

[Ans. 2 ]
Sol. By operating R1  R1 – R2 and R2  R2 – R3
pa bq 0
0= 0 qb cr
a b r

0 = (p – a) r (q  b)  b(c  r ) + a (b – q) (c – r)
0 = (p – a) (rq – rb) + a(b – q) (c – r) + b(p – a) (r – c)
r b a
0=  
rc qb pa
Dividing by (p – a) (r – c) (q – b)
r  b   a 
    1    1  2
rc qb  pa 

r q p
Therefore   =2
rc qb pa

x y z
Q.22 Given a = ;b= ;c= where x, y, z are not all zero, prove that: 1 + ab + bc + ca = 0.
yz zx xy

Sol. For non trivial solution put D = 0

Q.23 Show that in general there are three are three values of k for which the following system of equations has
a non-zero solution.
(a – k)x + by + cz = 0
bx + (c – k)y + az = 0
cx + ay + (b – k)z = 0
Also, express the product of these three values of k in the form of a determinant.
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 10

Sol. For a non-trivial solution of the given system of equations,  = 0

ak b c
i.e. b ck a 0 which on expansion reduces to a cubic equation in k as
c a bk
a3k3 + a2k2 + a1k + a0 = 0 …(1)
Thus, there are in general three values of k for which the given system of equations has a non-trivial
solution.
Now, the product of the three values of k
= the product of the three root of equation (1)
a0
=– = a0 [ a3 = coeff. of k3 = –1]
a3
= term independent of k in 
a b c
= b c a [putting k = 0 in ]
c a b

a1 a 2 a3
Q.24 If |a1| > |a2| + |a3|, |b2| > |b1| + |b3| and |c3| > |c1| + |c2|, show that b1 b 2 b3  0 .
c1 c 2 c3

ol. Let us assume the given determinant to be zero. Then there exist x, y, z not all zero, such that
a1x + a2y + a3z = 0 ……(1)
b 1x + b 2y + b 3z = 0 ……(2)
and c1x + c2y + c3z = 0 ……(3)
Thus, if we assume that |x|  |y|  |z| and x  0, then from equation (1), we have
a1x = –a2y – a3z
i.e. |a1x| = |–a2y – a3z|
i.e. |a1| |x|  |a2| |y| + |a3| |z|
i.e. |a1|  |a2| + |a3| [ x is not zero and |x| is greater than |y|, |z|]
Similarly, from equations (2) and (3), we have
|b2|  |b1| + |b3| and |c3|  |c1| + |c2| respectively.
The above obtained three inequalities contradict the three given inequalities. Thus, the assumption that
the determinant is zero must be wrong and hence, the given determinant is non-zero.
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 11

Q.25 If ax12  by12  cz12 = ax 22  by 22  cz 22 = ax32  by32  cz32 = 

and ax1x2 + by1y2 + cz1z2 = ax2x3 + by2y3 + cz2z3 = ax3x1 + by3y1 + cz3z1 =  then prove that
x1 y1 z1 1/ 2
   2 
x2 y2 z 2 = ( – )  
x3 y3 z3  abc 

x1 y1 z1
Sol. Let D = x2 y2 z2
x3 y3 z3

x1 y1 z1 x1 y1 z1 ax1 by1 cz1 x1 y1 z1

1
Then D2 = x2 y2 z2  x2 y2 z2 = ax 2 by2 cz 2  x 2 y2 z2
abc
x3 y3 z3 x 3 y3 z3 ax 3 by3 cz3 x 3 y3 z3

ax12  by12  cz12 ax1x 2  by1y 2  cz1z 2 ax 3 x1  by3 y1  cz3z1

1
= ax1x 2  by1y 2  cz1z 2 ax  by  cz
2
2
2
2
2
2 ax 2 x 3  by 2 y3  cz 2 z 3
abc
ax 3 x1  by3 y1  cz3z1 ax 2 x 3  by 2 y3  cz 2 z 3 ax 32  by32  cz32
[Multiplying row by row]
     2  
1 1
=    =   2   [C1  C1 + C2 + C3]
abc abc
     2  

1   1  
(  2) (  2)
= 1   = 0   0 [R2  R2 – R1]
abc abc
1   1  

(  2) 1 
= ( – ) [expanding along R2]
abc 1 
1/ 2
(  2)    2 
= ( – )2 gives D = ( – )  
abc  abc 
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 12

Q.26 Let 1, 2 and 1, 2 respectively be the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 and px2 + qx
+ r = 0. If the system of the equations 1y + 2z = 0 and 1y + 2z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, then
b 2 ac
prove that 2  .
q pr

1  2
Sol. If the given system of equations has a non-trivial solution, then we have   = 0
1 2

1 1 1   2 1  2
i.e. 12 = 21 i.e.    i.e.        [using componendo-dividendo]
2 2 1 2 1 2

(1   2 )2 (1  2 ) 2
i.e. =
(1   2 ) 2  41 2 (1  2 ) 2  412

 b c
b2 q2  1   2   a , 1 2  a
a2 p2
i.e.  q r
b 2 4c q 2 4r and 1  2   , 12  
  p p
a2 a p2 p
b2 q2
i.e. 2  i.e. b2 (q2 – 4pr) = q2 (b2 – 4ac)
b  4ac q 2  4pr

b 2 ac
i.e. b2 × 4pr = q2 = 4 × 4ac i.e.  which is the desired result.
q 2 pr

1 3 1 0
Q.33 Given A = 2 2 ; I = 0 1 . If A – I is a singular matrix then prove that 2 – 3 – 4 = 0.
   

Hint: A – I
1 3  0  1   3 
=  2 2 –  0   =  2 2   
    
since A – I is singular  det. (A – I) = 0;
1  3
2   = (1 – ) (2 – ) – 6 =  – 3 – 4
now 2
2
hence 2 – 3 – 4 = 0

 1 tan x  T –1
Q.34 A =  tan x 1  then let us define a function f (x) = det. (A A ) then find the value of

f f f f ...........f ( x )  is (n  2). [Ans. 1 ]

n times
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 13

 1 tan x 
Sol. A =  tan x 1 

hence det. A = sec2x
 det AT = sec2x
det . (A T )
Now f (x) = det. (AT A–1) = (det. AT) (det. A–1) = (det. AT) (det. A)–1 = =1
det .(A )
hence f (x) = 1 Ans.

Q.41 If A is a diagonal matrix of order 3 such that A2 = A, find number of possible matrices A.
[3012112044]
[Ans. 7 ]
Sol. A2 = A
 d1, d2, ........ dn be the diagonal matrix of A, then
A2 = A  d12 = d1, d22 = d2, ....... , dn2 = dn
Now, d12 = d1  either di = 0 or di = 1
Number of ways in which diagonal elements can be filled up is 23, but all diagonal elements cannot be
zero.
 Number of required matrices is 23 – 1 = 7.Ans.
DETERMINANT & MATRICE S 14