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Physical Education: Biomechanics and Sports

The document outlines Unit 8 of a Physical Education course, focusing on Biomechanics and its significance in sports, including types of movements and Newton's Laws of Motion. It explains how biomechanics can improve technique, equipment, training methods, and skills in sports. Additionally, it includes sample questions related to the content covered in the unit.

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10 views12 pages

Physical Education: Biomechanics and Sports

The document outlines Unit 8 of a Physical Education course, focusing on Biomechanics and its significance in sports, including types of movements and Newton's Laws of Motion. It explains how biomechanics can improve technique, equipment, training methods, and skills in sports. Additionally, it includes sample questions related to the content covered in the unit.

Uploaded by

yourplatform232008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION

UNIT –8
Biomechanics and Sports
Unit Contents
8.1 Meaning and Importance of
Biomechanics in Sports
8.2 Types of movements (Flexion, Extension,
Abduction & Adduction)
8.3 Newton’s Law of Motion & its application
in sports

Questions in CBSE Sample Paper 2023

Q2. Acceleration of an object will increase as


the net force increases depending on its
a. Density
b. Mass.
c. Shape
d. Volume
Q 22. State Newton’s laws of motion and
explain their implication in Sports of your
choice.
8.1 Meaning & Importance of
Biomechanics
Meaning of Biomechanics:
Bio + Mechanics Bio = Living organism Mechanics = Branch of
Physical science which deals with force acting on a body in
static condition or in moving condition.

Biomechanics: is the study of


forces & their effects on human
being is moving or in static condition.
Biomechanics helps in the field of sports in the
following way.
1. Improvement of Technique: Biomechanics helps to
improve technique. It determine how the technique should be
execute to get best result.

2. Improvement of Equipment : If helps to lmprove


equipment. According to nature & safety of the game for
example increase in thickness of mat for high jump.

3. Improvement in Training method : It helps to develop


new Training method to get better result. for example
Development of Isotonic method to develop strength.
4. Development of Skill : It helps to develop skill of the
sports. Example: Development in the skill of fielding in cricket.

8.2 Types of Movements (Flexion,


Extension, Abduction, Adduction)

8.2 Types of Movements (Flexion,


Extension, Abduction, Adduction)

(1) Abduction: It is that Movement in which moving


body part move away from the midline of body. It
always occurs on frontal plane & sagittal axis.
Example: Moving of hand in sidewise dissection i.e.hand
going away from body.
(2) Adduction : It is that Movement in which
Moving part come towards the midline of body. It
always occurs at frontal plane sagittal axis.
Example to back his hand to Attention position from the
hands opening sides stage

(3) Flexion :
It is that movement in which the joint on which the movement
occurs. There will be decrease in the angle between the bone
of that joint. It always occurs at sagittal plane & frontal axis.
Example: Bending of Elbow and bending off knee.
(4) Extension :
It is that movement in which the angle between the bone of that
joint on which movement is occurred increase. It always occurs
at sagittal plane & frontal axis.
Example: Straitening of elbow from bending position.
Straitening of knee from bending position in leg press exercise
8.3 Newton’s Laws of motion and their
application in sports.

Sir Isaac Newton's three laws of motion describe the motion of


massive bodies and how they interact. Newton published his laws
in 1687, in his seminal work "Principia Mathematica”

1st Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) :


Any object will be remains in its position until or unless
any external force is applied on it.
When a book is placed on a table , It remains stationary in position
unless somebody acts to affect it and change its state When an
object is pushed on the floor , It rolls for a certain distance , then
slows down till it stops by the effect of frictional forces between the
object and the floor that resist rolling ( Friction is an external force
that acts to change the object state ) If these forces do not exist , the
object would keep moving at a uniform velocity and would not stop .
Newton’s First Lawis known as the Law of Inertia since the object
can not change its state of rest or motion by itself

2nd law of motion (Law of Acceleration) :

The rate of change of acceleration is directly proportional to the


force applied on the object and Inversely proportional to the
mass of the object.
F = ma
m = mass
a = acceleration
The second law shows that if you exert the same force on two
objects of different mass, you will get different accelerations
(changes in motion). The effect (acceleration) on the smaller
mass will be greater (more noticeable)

3rd law of motion (low of action and Reaction) :


There willbe equal & opposite reaction to each & every
Action
Q2. Acceleration of an object will increase as
the net force increases depending on its
a. Density
b. Mass.
c. Shape
d. Volume
Q 22. State Newton’s laws of motion and
explain their implication in Sports of your
choice.

Q.1. Which is not the Importance of


Biomechanics
(a) Improvement of Technique
(b) To understand the structure of Movement & effect of
forces on the Movement
(c) To understand Physiology of human body.
(d) Improvement of sports Equipments

Q.2. Newton’s IInd law is also known as


(a) Law of Action Reaction
(b) Law of Inertia
(c) Law of Acceleration.
(d) Law of velocity

3. Match the following.


(a) Flexion (i) Increase in Angle
(b) Extension (ii) Away from Mid line of body
(c) Abduction (iii) Towards the Mid line of body
(d) Adduction (iv) Decrease in angle

1. a–IV, b–I, c–III, d–II


2. c–II, d–III, a–I, b–IV.
3. a–IV, b–I, c–II, d–III
4. c–I, d–IV, a–III, b–II

Q.4. Bending of Elbow when our hand


is going toward our chest is
(a) Flexion.
(b) Extension
(c) Abduction
(d) Adduction

Q5. Opening of hand sidewise when our hand


is moving away from body is example of
(a) Abduction.
(b) Adduction
(c) Flexion
(d) Extension

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