Power Systems Analysis Lab

BEEE306P
Digital Assignment - 1
Transmission line parameters
Navya Kukreja
22BEE0093

Aim
To calculate the transmission line parameters, given the circuit configuration and
the dimensions of the conductors, using MATLAB

Theory
• Self-GMD of a conductor with radius r is given as:
GM Dself = 0.7788 × r

• Self-GMD of a bundle of n conductors with separations di is given as:

p
GM Dself = n 0.7788 × r × d1 × d2 × d3 × ...

• GMD of all three conductors in a 3-phase system is given as:

p
GM D = 3 dAB dAC dBC

1
 Circuit Type Inductance per meter Capacitance per meter

µ0 d 2πε0
1-ϕ two-wire ln
2π r d
ln
r
µ0 GM D 2πε0
3-ϕ ln
2π GM Dself GM D
ln
GM Dself

Table 1: Formulae

Theoretical calculations
Given data is,
3-ϕ, single-circuit type, symmetrical transmission line spanning a length of 35 km
with a diameter of 0.9 cm and spacing between conductors of 2.5 m. The following
values are yielded from the above formulae:

0.9 cm 1m µ0 2.5 m
GM Dself = 0.7788 × × L= ln
2 100 cm 2π 3.5046 × 10−3 m
−3
= 3.5046 × 10 m = 1.3140 µH m−1

2πε0
√ C=
2.5 m
GM D = 3 2.5 m × 2.5 m × 2.5 m ln
3.5046 × 10−3 m
= 2.5 m = 8.8027 pF m−1

Therefore, for a 35 km long wire,

L = 45.99 mH and C = 308.0945 nF

2
Algorithm
1. Define the constants ε0 and µ0 in MATLAB.
2. User enters circuit parameters such as the number of phases, whether double
or single circuit, whether the conductors are bundled, and whether the system
is symmetric.
3. User enters length and diameter of conductors (and separation if a double
circuit)
4. Based on the inputs given in step 2, we make scenarios for each type of circuit,
and calculate the transmission line parameters (per meter) for each. We also
request the user for configuration-specific input (distances between bundles
and conductors, for example) in this stage.
5. Calculate the final values of the line parameters after multiplying them with
length.

3
MATLAB code
e_0 = 8.854187817 * 10^ -12;
mu_0 = 4 * pi () * 10^ -7;
phases_count = input (" Single phase or three phase ? ( Enter 1 or 3) : ") ;
circuit_type = input (" Single or double circuit ? ( Enter 1 or 2) : ") ;
bundled = input (" Bundled conductors ? ( Enter yes or no as 1 or 0) : ") ;
symmetry = input (" Is the system symmetrical ? ( Enter yes or no as 1 or 0) : ") ;
length = input (" Length of the line in kilometers : ") * 1000;
diameter = input (" Diameter of one conductor in centimetres : ") / 100;
radius = diameter / 2;
if phases_count == 1
% For a single - phase circuit

% assume single - circuit

d1 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors in metres : ") ;
inductance = ( mu_0 / (2 * pi () ) ) * log ( d1 / radius ) ;
capacitance = (2 * pi () * e_0 ) / log ( d1 / radius ) ;

else
% 3 - phase
if bundled == 1
% bundled conductors

d1 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors A and B in metres
: ") ;
d2 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors A and C in metres
: ") ;
d3 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors B and C in metres
: ") ;
n = input (" Enter the number of conductors in the bundle : ") - 1;

GMD_A = sqrt ( d1 * d2 ) ;
GMD_B = sqrt ( d1 * d3 ) ;
GMD_C = sqrt ( d2 * d3 ) ;

GMD = ( GMD_A * GMD_B * GMD_C ) ^ (1/3) ;

separations = zeros (1 , n ) ;

for i = 1: n
separations ( i ) = input (" Enter the separation for conductor 1 to " +
i + " in centimetres : ") / 100;
end

4
 self_GMD = (0.7788 * radius * prod ( separations ) ) ^ (1/ n ) ;

inductance = ( mu_0 / (2 * pi () ) ) * log ( GMD / self_GMD ) ;

capacitance = (2 * pi () * e_0 ) / log ( GMD / self_GMD ) ;

else
if circuit_type == 1
if symmetry == 1
% assume not bundled conductors
d1 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors in metres
: ") ;
inductance = ( mu_0 / (2 * pi () ) ) * log ( d1 / ( radius * 0.7788) ) ;
capacitance = (2 * pi () * e_0 ) / log ( d1 / radius ) ;

else
d1 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors A and B
in metres : ") ;
d2 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors A and C
in metres : ") ;
d3 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors B and C
in metres : ") ;

GMD = ( d1 * d2 * d3 ) ^(1/3) ;

inductance = ( mu_0 / (2 * pi () ) ) * log ( GMD / ( radius * 0.7788) )

;
capacitance = (2 * pi () * e_0 ) / log ( GMD / radius ) ;

end

else
d1 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors A and B in
metres : ") ;
d2 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors A and C in
metres : ") ;
d3 = input (" Enter the distance between the conductors B and C in
metres : ") ;
separation = input (" Enter the separation between pairs of
conductors in centimetres : ") / 100;

GMD_A = sqrt ( d1 * d2 ) ;
GMD_B = sqrt ( d1 * d3 ) ;
GMD_C = sqrt ( d2 * d3 ) ;

GMD = ( GMD_A * GMD_B * GMD_C ) ^ (1/3) ;

5
 self_GMD = (0.7788 * radius * separation ^3) ^ (1/3) ;

inductance = ( mu_0 / (2 * pi () ) ) * log ( GMD / self_GMD ) ;

capacitance = (2 * pi () * e_0 ) / log ( GMD / self_GMD ) ;

end

end
end

display (" The inductance is " + ( inductance * length ) + " H ")

display (" The capacitance is " + ( capacitance * length ) + " F ")

Results
On executing the above code, we get the following output:

Single phase or three phase? (Enter 1 or 3): 1

Single or double circuit? (Enter 1 or 2): 1
Bundled conductors? (Enter yes or no as 1 or 0): 0
Is the system symmetrical? (Enter yes or no as 1 or 0): 1
Length of the line in kilometers: 35
Diameter of one conductor in centimeters: 0.9
Enter the distance between the conductors in meters: 2.5

The inductance is 0.04424 H

The capacitance is 3.0809e-07 F

6
Tabulation

Inductance Capacitance
Theoretical 45.99 mH 308.09 nF
Simulated 0.04599 H 3.0809e-07 F
Table 2: Theoretical vs calculated values of parameters

Summary
We have successfully calculated the transmission line parameters for the given
conductor(s) and find that our output is consistent with theoretical calculations