Scribd
Upload
25 views5 pages

5th (Filter)

The document provides an overview of various Linux filters that process plain text input and produce formatted output. It describes ten commonly used filters including cat, head, tail, sort, uniq, wc, grep, tac, sed, and nl, along with their syntax. Each filter serves a specific function, such as displaying text, sorting lines, removing duplicates, counting words, or searching for patterns.

Uploaded by

malikirfan0502
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views5 pages

5th (Filter)

The document provides an overview of various Linux filters that process plain text input and produce formatted output. It describes ten commonly used filters including cat, head, tail, sort, uniq, wc, grep, tac, sed, and nl, along with their syntax. Each filter serves a specific function, such as displaying text, sorting lines, removing duplicates, counting words, or searching for patterns.

Uploaded by

malikirfan0502
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Practical-05

Aim-To study various filters.

Filters are programs that take plain text(either stored in a file or produced by another program) as
standard input, transforms it into a meaningful format, and then returns it as standard output. Linux has a
number of filters. Some of the most commonly used filters are explained below:

1. cat : Displays the text of the file line by line.

Syntax- cat [path]

2. head : Displays the first n lines of the specified text files. If the number of lines is not specified then by
default prints first 10 lines.

Syntax:

head [-number_of_lines_to_print] [path]


3. tail : It works the same way as head, just in reverse order. The only difference in tail is, it returns the
lines from bottom to up.

Syntax:

tail [-number_of_lines_to_print] [path]

4. sort : Sorts the lines alphabetically by default but there are many options available to modify the
sorting mechanism. Be sure to check out the main page to see everything it can do.

Syntax:

sort [-options] [path]


5. uniq : Removes duplicate lines. uniq has a limitation that it can only remove continuous duplicate
lines(although this can be fixed by the use of piping). Assuming we have the following data.

Syntax:

uniq [options] [path]


6. wc : wc command gives the number of lines, words and characters in the data.

Syntax:

wc [-options] [path]

7. grep : grep is used to search a particular information from a text file.

Syntax:

grep [options] pattern [path]

8. tac : tac is just the reverse of cat and it works the same way, i.e., instead of printing from lines 1
through n, it prints lines n through 1. It is just reverse of cat command.

Syntax:

tac [path]
9. sed : sed stands for stream editor. It allows us to apply search and replace operation on our data
effectively. sed is quite an advanced filter and all its options can be seen on its man page.

Syntax:

sed [path]
The expression we have used above is very basic and is of the form ‘s/search/replace/g’

10. nl : nl is used to number the lines of our text data.

Syntax:

nl [-options] [path]

You might also like