REVIEW: What am I?

Determine whether
the following is a
SPEED or
VELOCITY
Tropical storm
travelling 88ph
eastward
VELOCITY
Jacob ran 10meters
in seconds

SPEED
 Jean moved the
plate 50 cm to the
right in 3 seconds
VELOCITY
Rafael swims 120 m
towards the shore
in 60 seconds
VELOCITY
A ship cruising 34
meters per hour

SPEED
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be
able to:
• define acceleration;
• solve problems involving acceleration;
• apply the principles of acceleration in
real life situation.
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LAUNCH PAD
Have you ever been in a bus
that turns a corner and the
force presses you against the
door or the bus seems to change
speed?

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 LAUNCH PAD
How will you describe an object
that is changing its speed or velocity?

Is acceleration similar to speed and

velocity?

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 HANDLE BAR GRIP
PEDAL

BRAKE
ACCELERATION
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 ACCELERATION
Rate of change in a velocity or speed of a
moving object per unit of time.
direction.
• It refers to how fast or how quickly an
object changes its velocity.
• It is a vector quantity.
• If a car has high acceleration, it means that
it can rapidly or quickly change its speed or
direction.
 Example:

CAR A CAR B
Car, A moving in a straight line, increases its speed from 50
km/hr to 65 km/hr in 10 seconds while Car B changes its
speed from 50 km/hr to 65 km/hr in 5 seconds. Which car
has a greater acceleration? Which car increases its speed
more quickly?
 Example:

CAR A CAR B

Yes, you got it right! It is Car B which has a greater

acceleration because it changes its speed from 50 km/hr to
65 km/hr in 5 seconds. It is faster or quicker to change its
speed compared to Car A which changes its speed from 50
km/hr to 65 km/hr in 10 seconds.
How can we say
that an object is
accelerating?
 3 Ways of accelerating object:
1. The speed of the object is changing.
Example: A cyclist travelling with a speed
from 60k/hr. to 40 km/hr.
 3 Ways of accelerating object:
2. The direction of the object is changing.
Example: A dog is running 3 m/s East, then
3 m/s North.
 3 Ways of accelerating object:
3.The speed and direction of the object
is changing.
Example: A man is running 5 /s West , then
10 m/s South.
Positive Acceleration
An increase in speed or velocity

velocity
Acceleration

Negative Acceleration
A decrease in speed or velocity

velocity
Acceleration
Velocity-Time Graph
Case 1: Velocity-time graphs with constant velocity
(zero acceleration)
When the velocity is constant, the velocity-time graph, with Y-axis
denoting velocity and the X-axis denoting time, will be like:
•As the graph shows, the velocity is constant (c)
throughout the interval.
•No particles of matter how much the time
Velocity

changes, the velocity will be c at every instant.

In this case, we have taken the initial velocity
to be positive.
•The graph will be different if the initial
velocity is negative.
•Example: If the acceleration of a particle is
zero (0), and velocity is constantly said 5 m/s at
t =0, then it will remain constant throughout
Time the time.
Velocity-Time Graph
Case 2: Velocity-time graphs with constant
acceleration
When the acceleration is constant (positive), and the initial velocity of the
particle is zero, the velocity of the particle will increase linearly as predicted:
• As shown in the figure, the velocity of
the particle will increase linearly with
respect to time. The slope of the graph
Velocity

will give the magnitude of

acceleration.
• Example: If the acceleration of a
particle is constant (k) and is positive,
the initial velocity is zero, and then
the velocity increases linearly. The
slope of the velocity-time graph will
Time give the acceleration.
Velocity-Time Graph
Case 3: Velocity-time graphs with increasing
acceleration
When the acceleration is increasing with time, the velocity-time graph will
be a curve as predicted: • Since the acceleration continuously
increases with time, the magnitude of the
slope will also continuously increase with
time.
Velocity

• Example: If the acceleration of a particle is a

function of time and the initial velocity is
zero, the velocity-time graph will be a curve.
The slope of the velocity-time graph at any
instant (at a certain time) will give the
acceleration at that time.
• Case 3 was just the case of increasing
acceleration. There will be a different graph
Time when the acceleration decreases with time.
FORMULA:
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
Average acceleration =
𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑚
• a = acceleration ( 2 )
𝑠
𝑚
• vi = initial velocity ( )
𝑠
𝑚
𝑉 𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 • vf = final velocity ( )
a= • t = time (s)
𝑠

𝑡 • SI unit = 2
𝑚
𝑠
EQUATIONS:
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉 𝑖
a=
𝑡

𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖
vf = vi + at t=
𝑎
vi = vf - at
EQUATIONS:
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖
a=
𝑡

at= vf-vi
vi + at= vf
vf = vi + at
EQUATIONS:
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖
a=
𝑡

at= vf-vi
vi = vf - at
EQUATIONS:
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖
a=
𝑡

at = vf - vi 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖
t=
𝑎
𝑎𝑡 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖
=
𝑎 𝑎
Are you ready?
 Sample Problem#1
How long would it take Jesse with an acceleration of
𝑚
-2.50 2 to bring his bicycle with an initial velocity of
𝑠
13.5 m/s to a complete stop?
Given: Formula: Solution:
vi= 13. 5 m/s 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 𝑚
0 −13.5
𝑚

t= t= 𝑠 𝑠
vf = 0 m/s 𝑚
−2.50 2
𝑚
a= -2.50 2 𝑎 −13.5
𝑚
𝑠

𝑠 𝑠
t= ? (Unknown) t= 𝑚
−2.50
𝑠2

t= 5.4 s
 Sample Problem#2
Calculate the acceleration of Josh riding his
bicycle in a straight line that speeds up from
4 m/s to 6 m/s in 5 seconds.
Given: Formula: Solution:
vi= 4 m/s 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 𝑚 𝑚
6 −4
vf = 6 m/s
t= 5 s
a= a= 𝑠 𝑠
𝑡 5𝑠
a=?(Unknown)
𝑚
a= 0.4 2
𝑠
 Sample Problem#3
A roller coaster is moving at 25 m/s at the bottom of a
hill. Three seconds later it reaches the top of the hill
moving at 10 m/s. What was the acceleration of the
coaster?
Given: Formula: Solution:
vi= 25 m/s 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 𝑚 𝑚
10 −25
vf = 10 m/s
t= 3 s
a= a= 𝑠 𝑠
𝑡 3𝑠
a=?(Unknown)
𝑚
a= -5 2
𝑠
 Sample Problem#3
A car travelling north with a velocity of 45 m/s slows
down to a velocity of 10m/s within 12 sec. What is the
car’s acceleration.?

Given: Formula: Solution:

vi= 45 m/s 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 𝑚 𝑚
10 −45
vf = 10 m/s
t= 12 s
a= a= 𝑠 𝑠
𝑡 12 𝑠
a=?(Unknown)
𝑚
a= -2.92 2
𝑠
 ALWAYS
REMEMBER
• No matter how fast an object is going, if it is not changing its speed
or direction, it is not changing its velocity, then it is not accelerating.
• You may ask how a vehicle changes its velocity.
• A vehicle has three controls that allow it to change its velocity.
These are the gas pedal, brake pedal, and steering wheel.
World Connection…..
Road safety is an extremely necessary thing
people should always bear in mind. Safety
along the roads can be maintained as long
as everybody follows the traffic laws. One
of these traffic laws is the compliance to
the different road signs an speed limits set
by the government. So what do these speed
limits mean? Why is it important to follow
these speed limits?
Board work
 Board work#1
A car moving to the East
speeds up from rest to 8 m/s
in 2 s. What is its
acceleration?
 Board work#2
The elevators in the Landmark Tower, in
Yokohama, Japan are among the fastest in the
𝑚
world. They accelerate upward at 3.125 2 for
𝑠
4.0 s to reach their final speed. If these
elevators start from rest, what is their final
speed?
 Board work#3
Justine is ice-skating at the Lloyd
Center. What is her final velocity
if she accelerates at a rate of 2.0
m/s/s for 3.5 seconds?
 Board work#4
A fish swimming at a constant speed of
0.5 m/s suddenly notices a shark appear
behind it. Five seconds later, the fish is
swimming in the same direction at a
speed of 2.5 m/s. Calculate the fish’s
acceleration?