Properties of Matter

CHAPTER # 07

PHYSICS 9th Class

Instructor: H Aftab Ahmed

Answer the following Questions.
i- Define Matter and write name of its three states?
Ans. Everything that has weight and occupies come space is called matter.
States: 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas 4. Plasma
ii- Write important features of kinetic molecular model of matter?
Ans. Are as fellow:
1. Matter is made up of small particles called molecules.
2. The molecules remain in continuous motion.
3. Molecules attract each other.
iii- Write difference between solid liquid and gas with two properties?
Solid Liquid Gas
1. Solid have fixed shapes 1. The volume of a certain 1. Gases have no fixed
and volume. amount of liquid remain the shape or volume and
2. Solid molecules are held same but it attains the shape they can be filled in
close together by strong of a container to which it is any container of any
forces of attraction. put. shape.
2. The distance between the 2. In gases, the
molecules of a liquid are molecules are much
more than solid. further apart than
solids or liquid.
iv- What is meant by Plasma?
Ans. The fourth state of matter in which a gas occurs in its ionic state (electrons and positive ions) is
called plasma. Plasma is highly conducting state of matter that allow electric current to through it.
Example: Most of the matter that fills the universe such as Sun is in plasma state.
v- What is density with its unit?
Ans. Density of a substance is define as its mass per unit volume.
Mass
Formula: Density=
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
Unit: kgm-3
Example: if mass of 200cm3 of a stone is 500g.
Then density will be:
Mass
Density=
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
500
Density= 200 = 2.5𝑔𝑐𝑚 −3
vi- Define Hydrometer?
Ans. It is a device which is used to measure the density of fluids.
Example. By hydrometer we can measure the density of any fluids like milk, honey e.tc.
vii- Define Pressure with its formula and unit?
Ans. The force acting normally per unit of area on the surface of a body is called pressure.
Force F
Formula: P= or
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴
Unit: Nm-2 Or Pa(Pascal)
viii- What is meant by Atmospheric Pressure?
Ans. The earth is surrounded by a cover of air called atmosphere. The cover of air exerts pressure on
the earth in all direction which is called atmospheric pressure.
Value at Sea level: 101,300Nm-2
ix- What does it mean when the atmospheric pressure at a place fall suddenly?
Ans. A suddenly fall in atmospheric pressure often is followed by a storm, rain and typhoon to occur
in few hours.
x- Why the air become thinner and thinner as we go up?
Ans. As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreases. The air becomes less
dense than air nearer to sea level. So thin air exerts less pressure than air at a lower altitude that’s why
air become thinner and thinner as we go up.
xi- What is barometer?
Ans. The instruments that measure atmospheric pressure are called barometers. One of the simple
barometers is a mercury barometer. It consists of a glass tube 1m long closed at one end.
xii- Why water is not suitable to be used in a barometer?
Ans. Mercury is 13.6 times denser than water. Atmospheric pressure can hold vertical column of
water about 13.6 times the height of mercury column at a place. Thus at sea level (0.76m), vertical
height of water column would be 0.76x13.6=10.34m.Thus a glass tube more than 10m long is
required to make a water barometer which is not suitable.
xiii- What changes area expected in weather if the barometer reading shows sudden
decreases?
Ans. A sudden fall in the barometric reading is an indication of a storm. As the barometer measures
changes in air pressure, therefore at the onset of a storm, low pressure occurs, which in turn would
lead to rapid or violent movement of air from the high-pressure areas.
xiv- On what factor pressure of a liquid depends?
Ans. The formula of pressure of a liquid is P= ρgh.
Depends upon: 1. Depth of a liquid (h) 2. The value of (g) 3. Density of a liquid (ρ)
Pressure in a liquid increases with depth.
xv- States Pascal’s Law?
Ans. Pressure applied at any point of a liquid enclosed in a container is transmitted without loss to all
other parts of the liquid. Generally this law is good for fluids (liquid or gas).
xvi- Give the application of Pascal’s Law?
Ans. Pascal’s law finds numerous applications in our daily life such as
Automobiles, hydraulic brake system, hydraulic press and other hydraulic machine.

xvii- What is meant by up-thrust?

Ans. When an object is totally or partially immersed in a liquid, an upward force act on the object
which is called up-thrust of the liquid. This up-thrust is equal to the weight of the liquid that the
object displaces.
xviii- State Archimedes principle?
Ans. When an object is totally or partially immersed in a liquid, an up-thrust acts on it equal
to the weight of the liquid is displaces.
Formula: Up-thrust of a liquid= ρgh.
xix- Describe the principle of floating?
Ans. A floating object displaces a fluid having weight equal to the weight of the object. An object
sinks if its weight is greater than the up-thrust acting on it. An object floats if its weight is equal or
less than the up-thrust.
xx- How does the submarine move up the water surface and down into the water? Explain.
Ans. A submarine works on the principle of floatation. It floats over the water surface when the
weight of water equal to its volume is greater than its weight, it has a system of tanks. When theses
tanks are filled with sea water, the weight of the submarine increases. A soon as its weight become
greater than the up-thrust it dive into water and remain under water.
xxi- A Wooden block floats on water and why?
Ans. It is because the weight of an equal volume of water is greater than the weight of the block.
That’s why a block floats on the water.
xxii- Define elasticity?
Ans. The property of a body to restore to its original size and shape as the deforming force ceases to
act is called elasticity.
Example: if a rubber band is stretched, on releasing the force rubber band returns to its original
shape. This property is called elasticity.
xxiii- What is meant by deforming force?
Ans. A force that changes the shapes, length or volume of a substance is called deforming force.
Example: The length of a spring increases by applying force on the spring. This force is called
deforming force.
xxiv- Define stress with its unit?
Ans. The deforming force acting on unit area at the surface of a body is called stress.
force
Formula: Stress= 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
Unit: Nm-2
xxv- What is meant by strain with its unit?
Ans. A comparison of a change in length, volume or shape of a body caused by the stress with the
original length, volume, or shape is called as strain.
Change in lenght
Formula: Strain= 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Unit: No unit, because it is a ratio between two similar quantities.
xxvi- Define tensile strain and its formula?
Ans. If stress produces a change in the length of an object then the strain is called tensile strain.
change in length
Formula: tensile strain=
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
xxvii- What is meant by elastic limit?
Ans. Elastic limit is a limit within which a body recovers its original length, volume and shape after
the deforming force is removed. This limit tells the maximum stress that can be safely applied on a
body without causing a permanent deformation in its length, volume and shape.
xxviii- Define Hook’s law?
Ans. The strain produced in a body by the stress applied to it is directly proportional to the stress
within the elastic limit of the body.
Formula: Stress ∞ Strain
Stress= constant x strain
stress
= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
xxix- Define young’s Modulus?
Ans. The ratio of stress to tensile strain is called young’s modulus.
F𝐿
Formula: Y=𝐴∆𝐿𝑜
Unit: Nm-2
xxx- It is easy to remove air from a balloon but it is very difficult to remove air from a glass
bottle. Why?
Ans. Because the atmospheric pressure acts more easily on balloon as compare to glass bottle, so
emptying air is easier from balloon than glass bottle.
xxxi- Why does the atmospheric pressure vary with height?
Ans. As we go high in the atmosphere, the density of the air becomes low. Due to this reason,
atmospheric pressure decreases as we go high.
xxxii- Why does a piece of stone sink in water but a ship with a huge weights floats?
Ans. The up-thrust force on stone is much smaller than its weight because weight of the water
displace under stone is very small. While the ships are designed in such a way weight of the water
displaced by them is greater than their weight. SO up-thrust forced in case of ships is greater than
their weight. So ships float in the surface of water.