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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects to model real-world entities and relationships, based on four main principles: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. In Python, classes serve as blueprints for creating objects, while instance and class variables differ in their scope and sharing among instances. Key concepts include methods (instance, class, and static), method overloading and overriding, and inheritance types, which enhance code reusability and organization.

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5 views3 pages

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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects to model real-world entities and relationships, based on four main principles: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. In Python, classes serve as blueprints for creating objects, while instance and class variables differ in their scope and sharing among instances. Key concepts include methods (instance, class, and static), method overloading and overriding, and inheritance types, which enhance code reusability and organization.

Uploaded by

naog911
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

- A programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data
and methods. It aims to model real-world entities and relationships.

2. What are the four main principles of OOP?


- Encapsulation
- Abstraction
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism

3. What is a class in Python?


- A blueprint for creating objects, defining attributes and methods that the
created objects will have.

4. What is an object in Python?


- An instance of a class that contains data (attributes) and methods to
manipulate that data.

5. How do you define a class in Python?


- Using the `class` keyword followed by the class name and a colon, then
defining attributes and methods within an indented block.
```python
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
```

6. **How do you create an object in Python?**


- By calling the class name with arguments, if required, to instantiate it.
```python
obj = MyClass(value)
```

7. **What is the `__init__` method in Python?**


- The initializer method (constructor) called when a new instance of a class is
created, used to set initial values for instance attributes.

8. **What are instance variables?**


- Variables defined within a class and unique to each instance of the class.

9. **What are class variables?**


- Variables defined within a class that are shared among all instances of the
class.

10. **What is the difference between instance variables and class variables?**
- Instance variables are specific to each object, while class variables are
shared across all instances of the class.

11. **What is an instance method?**


- A method that operates on an instance of a class and can access instance
variables.

12. **What is a class method?**


- A method that operates on the class itself, rather than an instance, and is
defined using the `@classmethod` decorator.

13. **What is a static method?**


- A method that does not access or modify class or instance state and is
defined using the `@staticmethod` decorator.

14. **How do you define an instance method in Python?**


- By defining a method within a class that takes `self` as its first parameter.
```python
def instance_method(self):
pass
```

15. **How do you define a class method in Python?**


- By using the `@classmethod` decorator and defining the method with `cls` as
its first parameter.
```python
@classmethod
def class_method(cls):
pass
```

16. **How do you define a static method in Python?**


- By using the `@staticmethod` decorator and defining the method without `self`
or `cls`.
```python
@staticmethod
def static_method():
pass
```

17. **What is method overloading?**


- The ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different
parameter lists. (Not supported in Python directly; instead, default arguments or
variable-length arguments are used.)

18. **What is method overriding?**


- Redefining a method in a derived class that already exists in the base class.

19. **What is the purpose of the `super()` function?**


- To call methods from a parent class within a derived class, allowing access
to inherited methods.

20. **How do you override a method in Python?**


- By defining a method in a derived class with the same name as a method in the
base class.

21. **What is inheritance?**


- A mechanism by which one class (derived class) inherits attributes and
methods from another class (base class).

22. **What are the benefits of inheritance?**


- Promotes code reusability, supports hierarchical classification, and allows
for easy maintenance and extension of code.

23. **What is single inheritance?**


- A type of inheritance where a class inherits from a single base class.

24. **What is multiple inheritance?**


- A type of inheritance where a class inherits from more than one base class.

25. **What is a mixin?**


- A class used to provide methods and attributes to other classes through
multiple inheritance, typically not meant to be instantiated on its own.

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