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CCN Experiment7

The document outlines a lab exercise focused on Dynamic Routing and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), detailing the theory, procedure, and implementation steps. It explains the characteristics of RIP, including its distance-vector nature, hop count limits, and periodic updates, while also providing a step-by-step guide for configuring routers and PCs using Cisco Packet Tracer. The lab concludes with successful data transfers demonstrating RIP's functionality, though it notes the protocol's limitations in larger networks.

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7 views17 pages

CCN Experiment7

The document outlines a lab exercise focused on Dynamic Routing and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), detailing the theory, procedure, and implementation steps. It explains the characteristics of RIP, including its distance-vector nature, hop count limits, and periodic updates, while also providing a step-by-step guide for configuring routers and PCs using Cisco Packet Tracer. The lab concludes with successful data transfers demonstrating RIP's functionality, though it notes the protocol's limitations in larger networks.

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advikram2512
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© © All Rights Reserved
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LAB 7: DYNAMIC ROUTING – ROUTING INFORMATION

PROTOCOL

Date: 19/2/2025
Name: Monika Vemula
Reg no.: 22BEC1382

AIM: To perform Dynamic routing and to route information protocol.

SOFTWARE USED:

Cisco Packet Tracer

THEORY:

Dynamic Routing and RIP (Routing Information Protocol)


 Dynamic Routing: This is a method where routers automatically adjust their routing
tables based on changes in the network. Instead of manually setting routes, routers share
information with each other and calculate the best paths for data.
 Routing Information Protocol (RIP): RIP is a type of dynamic routing protocol that
helps routers determines the best paths based on the number of hops (routers) between
them. It is simple and uses hop count as the metric to choose routes, with a maximum of
15 hops.
RIP Characteristics:
 Distance-Vector Protocol: RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol. It determines the
best route based on the number of hops (distance) to the destination. A "hop" is a single
step from one router to the next.
 Hop Count Limit: RIP uses hop count as its metric for selecting routes. The maximum
number of hops allowed by RIP is 15, meaning that any destination that is more than 15
hops away is considered unreachable.
 Routing Table: Each router using RIP maintains a routing table that lists known
destinations and their corresponding distances. The routing table is updated periodically
based on the information received from neighboring routers.
 Periodic Updates: RIP routers send updates at regular intervals (usually every 30
seconds) to inform neighbors of their routing tables. This helps ensure that all routers
have an up-to-date view of the network topology.
 Split Horizon and Poison Reverse: To avoid routing loops, RIP uses techniques like
split horizon and poison reverse:
o Split Horizon: Prevents a router from advertising a route back to the router from
which it learned it.
o Poison Reverse: A router advertises a route with a "hop count" of 16 (which
means unreachable) to a neighbor if it is no longer a valid path.
 RIP Versions:
o RIP Version 1 (RIPv1): This is the original version, which does not support
classless routing (only supports classful networks) and sends updates using
broadcast.
o RIP Version 2 (RIPv2): An improved version that supports classless routing,
allowing for more flexible subnetting, and sends updates using multicast instead
of broadcast.
o RIPng (RIP next generation): This version supports IPv6.

Key Points about RIP:
1. Distance-Vector Protocol: RIP counts the number of hops to reach a destination.
2. Hop Count Limit: RIP only supports routes with up to 15 hops; anything further is
considered unreachable.
3. Periodic Updates: Routers using RIP send updates every 30 seconds to keep each other
informed of network changes.
4. Versions: RIP has different versions:
o RIP v1: Older version, doesn't support modern IP features.
o RIP v2: Supports more features like sub netting.
o RIPng: Supports IPv6.
In short, RIP is an easy-to-implement protocol mainly for small networks but has limitations in
larger, more complex networks.
PROCEDURE:

1. Select three 1814 Router from Network Devices and drag and drop to the workspace.
2. Select Router0 and Go to Physical.
3. Select the WIC-2T and turn off the switch drag drop the HWIC-1GE-SFP on the device view
and turn on the switch. Repeat this step for the 3 routers.
4. Select Router0 and Go to Configuration.
5. Configure the FastEthernet0/1 by assigning IP address as 192.168.1.1 and subnet mask as
255.255.255.0 and turn on the port status.
6. Configure the Serial0/0/0 by assigning IP address as 10.0.0.1 and subnet mask as 255.0.0.0
and turn on the port status.
7. Configure the Serial0/0/1 by assigning IP address as 12.0.0.1 and subnet mask as 255.0.0.0
and turn on the port status.
8. Add IP addresses in the RIP for all the routers. Add 10.0.0.0, 11.0.0.0, 192.168.1.0,
192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0, 12.0.0.0.
9. Select Router1 and Go to Configuration.
10. Configure the FastEthernet0/1 by assigning IP address as 192.168.2.1 and subnet mask as
255.255.255.0 and turn on the port status.
11. Configure the Serial0/0/0 by assigning IP address as 10.0.0.2 and subnet mask as 255.0.0.0
and turn on the port status.
12. Configure the Serial0/0/1 by assigning IP address as 11.0.0.1 and subnet mask as 255.0.0.0
and turn on the port status.
13. Select Router2 and Go to Configuration.
14. Configure the FastEthernet0/1 by assigning IP address as 192.168.3.1 and subnet mask as
255.255.255.0 and turn on the port status.
15. Configure the Serial0/0/0 by assigning IP address as 11.0.0.2 and subnet mask as 255.0.0.0
and turn on the port status.
16. Configure the Serial0/0/1 by assigning IP address as 12.0.0.2 and subnet mask as 255.0.0.0
and turn on the port status
17. Select six PC-PT type PCs from End devices and drag and drop to the workspace.
18. Select PC0 and go to FastEthernet0 in configuration and assign IP address and subnet mask
for the PC0 as 192.168.1.2, 255.255.255.0
19. Select PC1 and go to FastEthernet0 in configuration and assign IP address and subnet mask
for the PC1 as 192.168.1.3, 255.255.255.0. And dive default IP address as 192.168.1.1 for PC0
and PC1.
20. Select PC2 and go to FastEthernet0 in configuration and assign IP address and subnet mask
for the PC2 as 192.168.2.2, 255.255.255.0
21. Select PC3 and go to FastEthernet0 in configuration and assign IP address and subnet mask
for the PC3 as 192.168.2.3, 255.255.255.0. And dive default IP address as 192.168.2.1 for PC2
and PC3.
22. Select PC4 and go to FastEthernet0 in configuration and assign IP address and subnet mask
for the PC4 as 192.168.3.2, 255.255.255.0
23. Select PC5 and go to FastEthernet0 in configuration and assign IP address and subnet mask
for the PC5 as 192.168.3.3, 255.255.255.0. And dive default IP address as 192.168.3.1 for PC4
and PC5.
24. After establishing all the connections now make a dummy file transfer from PC0 to PC4.
And check if it is successful.
25. After that connect router0 and router2 directly and make a file transfer between PC0 to PC5
and the transfer will take shortest path.
26. Now we can disconnect the connection between Router1 and Router2 and the file transfer
still takes place as the shortest path is from Router0 to Router2.
27. Check if the mail transfer is successful or not.

IMPLEMENTATION:

Circuit diagram:
Router 0 configuration:
Router 1 configuration:
Router 2 configuration:
PC configurations:
 A dummy message transfer between PC0 and PC4
 The transfer is successful.

 Connect Router0 and Router2 directly


 Data transfer between PC0 to PC5. It will take the shortest path.
 The transfer is successful.
 Disconnecting the connection between Router 1 and Router 2 and
 Transmit the data from PC3 to PC4.
 The transfer is successful.

INFERENCE:

RIP is a simple dynamic routing protocol that uses hop count to determine the best path for data.
It is easy to set up and suitable for small networks. However, its limitations in scalability and
slower convergence make it less ideal for larger, more complex networks. Hence the shortest
path is used and determined.

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