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Simple Problem

The document describes a simple problem regarding the conditions required for a person to obtain a driving license. It presents the problem using both propositional logic and predicate logic, detailing the syntax and semantics for each representation. The propositional logic states that a person has a license if they are 18 or older, have passed both written and practical tests, while the predicate logic expands this to a general statement about all persons.

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Mr HR
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2 views2 pages

Simple Problem

The document describes a simple problem regarding the conditions required for a person to obtain a driving license. It presents the problem using both propositional logic and predicate logic, detailing the syntax and semantics for each representation. The propositional logic states that a person has a license if they are 18 or older, have passed both written and practical tests, while the predicate logic expands this to a general statement about all persons.

Uploaded by

Mr HR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Write out your own simple problem (give an example that is new and never

created before and please write as if you are a beginner Student) domain
description, and then use the Following representation schemes to represent it:
1) Propositional logic (syntax and semantics).
2) Predicate logic (syntax and semantics).
Simple problem: A person gets a driving license if and only if they are 18 years
or older, have passed the written test, and have passed the practical test. If any
one of these conditions is false, they cannot have the license.
1) Propositional logic (syntax and semantics).
• Syntax:
P: The person is 18 years old or older.
W: The person has passed the written test.
R: The person has passed the practical test.
L: The person has a driving license.

L↔(A∧W∧P)
• Semantics:
a. Interpretation:
An interpretation assigns each atomic proposition a truth value:
true or false.
b. Meaning:
Forward direction: If P, W, and R are all true, then L must be
true (the person gets the license).
Backward direction: If L is true, then it must be that P, W, and
R are all true.
If any one of P, W, or R is false, then the combined condition
(P∧W∧R) is false, and consequently L must be false.
2) Predicate logic (syntax and semantics).
• Syntax:

Adult(x): Person x is 18 years old or older.

PassedWritten(x): Person x has passed the written test.

PassedPractical(x): Person x has passed the practical test.

HasLicense(x): Person x has a driving license.

∀x (HasLicense(x) ↔(Adult(x) ∧ PassedWritten(x) ∧ PassedPractical(x)))

• Semantics:
a. Interpretation:
An interpretation in predicate logic consists of:
A domain (here, the set of all persons).
An interpretation function that assigns truth values to the
predicates for every person in the domain.
b. Meaning:
For every person x, HasLicense(x) is true if and only if all of the
following are true for x: Adult(x), PassedWritten(x), and
PassedPractical(x).
This captures both directions: if any one of the conditions fails,
HasLicense(x) is false; and if HasLicense(x) is true, all three
conditions must hold.

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