?

Percents
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you use percents
to solve real-world
MODULE

LESSON 8.1
8
problems? Understanding
Percent
COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3c

LESSON 8.2
Percents, Fractions,
and Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3

LESSON 8.3
Solving Percent
Problems
COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3, 6.RP.3c
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Real-World Video
When you eat at a restaurant, your bill will include
sales tax for most items. It is customary to add a tip for
your server in many restaurants. Both taxes and tips are
my.hrw.com calculated as a percent of the bill.

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

199
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Write Equivalent Fractions my.hrw.com
Assessment and
Intervention

EXAMPLE 9 9×4 36 Multiply the numerator and denominator by the same

__
12
= _____
12 × 4
= __
48 number to find an equivalent fraction.
9 9÷3 Divide the numerator and denominator by the same
__
12
= _____
12 ÷ 3
= 34
_
number to find an equivalent fraction.
Write the equivalent fraction.

9 = _____
1. ___ 4 = _____
2. __ 25 = _____
3. ___ 5 36
12 = _____
4. ___
18 6 6 18 30 15

15 = _____
5. ___ 24 = _____
6. ___ 50 = _____
7. ___ 10 5 = _____
8. __ 20
24 8 32 8 60 9

Multiply Fractions
15 13
EXAMPLE 5
__ × 3
__ = __ × __
Divide by the common factors.
12 10 12 10
4 2
1
=8_ Simplify.

Multiply. Write each product in simplest form.

3 8
9. _
8
4
× __
11
= 10. __ × _5 =
15 6
7
11. __
12 14
3
× __ =

9 20 8 9
12. __ × _4 =
20 5
7
13. __ × __
10 21
= 14. __ × __
18 20
=

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Decimal Operations (Multiplication)
EXAMPLE 1.6 Multiply as you would with whole numbers.
×0.3 Count the total number of decimal places in the factors.
0.48 Place the decimal point that number of places in the product.

Multiply.

15. 20 × 0.25 16. 0.3 × 16.99 17. 0.2 × 75

18. 5.5 × 1.1 19. 11.99 × 0.8 20. 7.25 × 0.5

21. 4 × 0.75 22. 0.15 × 12.50 23. 6.5 × 0.7

200 Unit 3
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary ✔ decimal (decimal)
✔ equivalent fractions
Use the ✔ words to complete the graphic. You may put more (fracciones equivalentes)
than one word in each box. denominator
(denominador)
0.25 3
_
4
, 3:4 ✔ fraction (fracción)
mixed number
(número mixto)
numerator (numerador)
✔ ratio (razón)
✔ simplest form (mínima
Reviewing Fractions and Decimals expresión)

Preview Words
_ = 69
2 _ 4
_ → _12 equivalent decimals
3 8 (decimales equivalentes)
model (modelo)
percent (porcentaje)
proportional reasoning
(razonamiento
Understand Vocabulary proporcional)

Match the term on the left to the correct expression on the right.

1. percent A. A ratio that compares a number to 100.

2. model B. Decimals that name the same amount.

3. equivalent C. Something that represents another thing.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

decimals

Active Reading
Pyramid Before beginning the module, create
a pyramid to help you organize what you learn.
Label one side “Decimals,” one side “Fractions,” and
the other side “Percents.” As you study the module,
write important vocabulary and other notes on
the appropriate side.

Module 8 201
 MODULE 8

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.

COMMON
6.RP.3c
What It Means to You
CORE

Find a percent of a quantity

as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of You will learn to write numbers in various forms, including
a quantity means ___30
times fractions, decimals, and percents.
100
the quantity); solve problems
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.RP.3c
involving finding the whole,
given a part and the percent. Little brown bats flap their wings
about _34 as fast as pipistrelle
Key Vocabulary bats do. How fast does the little
Percent (porcentaje) brown bat flap its wings as a
A ratio comparing a number percent of the pipistrelle bat’s
to 100. wing flap rate?
3
_
4
= 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75 Divide the numerator by the denominator.
0.75 = 75% Move the decimal point 2 places to
the right.

COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3c
What It Means to You

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: © Ted Kinsman/

Find a percent of a quantity
as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of You will solve problems involving percent.
30
a quantity means ___
100
times
the quantity); solve problems UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.RP.3c
involving finding the whole, About 67% of a person’s total
given a part and the percent. (100%) body weight is water.
If Cameron weights 90 pounds,
about how much of his weight
is water?

67% of 90
67
___ · 90
100
Science Source

67 90
= ___ · __
100 1
= 60.3
About 60.3 pounds of Cameron’s weight is water.
Visit my.hrw.com
to see all the
Common Core
Standards
unpacked.
my.hrw.com

202 Unit 3
 LESSON COMMON
6.RP.3c

8.1 Understanding Percent

CORE

Find a percent of a quantity as

a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a
quantity means 30/100 times
the quantity); …

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you write a ratio as a percent?

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1
COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3c

Using a Grid to Model Percents

A percent is a ratio that compares a number to 100. The symbol % is
used to show a percent.

17% is equivalent to
17
• ____ • 17 to 100 • 17:100
100
The free-throw ratios for three basketball players are shown.
17
Player 1: ___ 33
Player 2: ___ 14
Player 3: ___
25 50 20
A Rewrite each ratio as a number compared to 100. Then shade the
grid to represent the free-throw ratio.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Comstock/Getty

17 = _____
Player 1: ___ 33 = _____
Player 2: ___ 14 = _____
Player 3: ___
25 100 50 100 20 100

B Which player has the greatest free-throw ratio?

How is this shown on the grids?
C Use a percent to describe each player’s free-throw ratio. Write the
percents in order from least to greatest.
Images

D How did you determine how many squares to shade on each grid?

Lesson 8.1 203

 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2
COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3c

Connecting Fractions and Percents

You can use a percent bar model to model a ratio expressed as a fraction
and to find an equivalent percent.

A Use a percent bar model to find an equivalent percent for _14 .

Draw a model to represent 100 and divide it into fourths. Shade _14 .

1
0 4 1

0% 100%
%

1
_
4
of 100 = 25, so _14 of 100% =

Tell which operation you can use to find _14 of 100.

Then find _14 of 100%.

B Use a percent bar model to find an equivalent percent for _13 .
Draw a model and divide it into thirds. Shade _13 .

1
0 3 1

0% 100%
%

1
_
3
of 100 = 33 _13, so _13 of 100% = %

Tell which operation you can use to find _13 of 100.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Then find _13 of 100%.

Reflect
1. Critique Reasoning Jo says she can find the percent equivalent of _34 by
multiplying the percent equivalent of _14 by 3. How can you use a percent
bar model to support this claim?

204 Unit 3
 Using Benchmarks and
Proportional Reasoning
You can use certain benchmark percents to write other percents and
to estimate fractions. Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
1 1 1 1 2 3
10 4 3 2 3 4

0 1

0 10% 25% 50% 75% 100

1 2
33 3 % 66 3 %

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3c

3
A Find an equivalent percent for __
10
.

3
STEP 1 Write __
10
as a multiple of a benchmark fraction.

3 1
__
10
= 3 · __
10
3
Think: ___
10
1 + ___
= ___
10
1
10
1
+ ___
10
Math Talk
1 Mathematical Practices
STEP 2 Find an equivalent percent for __
10
.
Explain how you could use
equivalent ratios to write
1
__ = 10%
3
__
Use the number lines to find the 10
as a percent.
10 1 .
equivalent percent for ___
10
STEP 3 Multiply.

3 1
__
10
= 3 · __
10
= 3 · 10% = 30%
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

B 76% of the students at a middle school bring their own lunch.

About what fraction of the students bring their own lunch?

STEP 1 Note that 76% is close to the benchmark 75%.

STEP 2 Find a fraction equivalent for 75%:

75% = _34

About _34 of the students bring their own lunch.

Lesson 8.1 205

 YOUR TURN
Use a benchmark to find an equivalent percent for each fraction.
Personal
Math Trainer 9
2. __
10
3. _25
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com 4. 64% of the animals at an animal shelter are dogs. About what fraction
of the animals at the shelter are dogs?

Guided Practice
9
1. Shade the grid to represent the ratio __
25
. Then find a percent
equivalent to the given ratio. (Explore Activity 1)

9×
__________ = _____ =
100
25 ×

2. Use the percent bar model to find the missing percent. (Explore Activity 2)
1
0 5 1

0% 100%
%

Identify a benchmark you can use to find an equivalent percent for each
ratio. Then find the equivalent percent. (Example 1)
6
3. __ 1
Benchmark: _____ 4. _24 Benchmark: 5. _45 Benchmark:
10

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

_____ _____
4 5

6. 41% of the students at an art college want to be graphic designers. About

what fraction of the students want to be graphic designers? (Example 1)

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

7. How do you write a ratio as a percent?

206 Unit 3
 Name Class Date

8.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.RP.3c Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Shade the grid to represent the ratio. Then find the missing number.

23 = _____
8. ___ 11 = _____
9. ___
50 100 20 100

10. Mark wants to use a grid like the ones in Exercises 1 and 2 to model the
percent equivalent of the fraction _32. How many grid squares should he
shade? What percent would his model show?

11. The ratios of saves for a baseball pitcher to the number of save opportunities
9 _
are given for three relief pitchers: __ , 4 , __
10 5 20
17
. Write each ratio as a percent.
Order the percents from least to greatest.

Circle the greater quantity.

12. _13 of a box of Corn Krinkles

50% of a box of Corn Krinkles

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. 30% of your minutes are used up

_1 of your minutes are used up
4

14. Multiple Representations Explain how you could write 35% as the sum
of two benchmark percents or as a multiple of a percent.

15. Use the percent bar model to find the missing percent.
1
0 8 1

0% 100%
%

Lesson 8.1 207

16. Multistep Carl buys songs and downloads them to his Carl’s Downloads
computer. The bar graph shows the numbers of each type
of song he downloaded last year. Country

Type of song
a. What is the total number of songs Carl downloaded Rock
last year? Classical

World
0 5 10 15 20 25
b. What fraction of the songs were country? Find the fraction Number of songs
for each type of song. Write each fraction in simplest form
and give its percent equivalent.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

17. Critique Reasoning Marcus bought a booklet of tickets to use at the

amusement park. He used 50% of the tickets on rides, _13 of the tickets on
video games, and the rest of the tickets in the batting cage. Marcus says
he used 10% of the tickets in the batting cage. Do you agree? Explain.

18. Look for a Pattern Complete the table.

1
_ 2
_ 3
_ 4
_ 5
_ 6
_
Fraction 5 5 5 5 5 5

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Percent 20%

a. Analyze Relationships What is true when the numerator and

denominator of the fraction are equal? What is true when the
numerator is greater than the denominator?

b. Justify Reasoning What is the percent equivalent of _32? Use a pattern

like the one in the table to support your answer.

208 Unit 3
 LESSON
Percents, Fractions, COMMON
6.RP.3

8.2
CORE

Use ratio and rate reasoning

and Decimals
to solve real-world and
mathematical problems,…

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you write equivalent percents, fractions, and decimals?

Writing Percents as Decimals

and Fractions
You can write a percent as an equivalent fraction or as an equivalent decimal.
Equivalent percents, decimals, and fractions all represent equal parts of the Math On the Spot
same whole. my.hrw.com

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3

Lorenzo spends 35% of his budget on rent for his apartment. Write this
percent as a fraction and as a decimal.
Math Talk
STEP 1 Write the percent as a fraction. Mathematical Practices

35 Explain why both the

35% = ___
100 Percent means per 100. numerator and
denominator in Step 2
STEP 2 Write the fraction in simplest form. are divided by 5.
÷5
35 35 7
___
100
= ___ = __
100 20
÷5
STEP 3 Write the percent as a decimal.
Write the fraction equivalent of 35%.
35
35% = 100
___
35
Write the decimal equivalent of ____
100
.
= 0.35
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, 35% written as a fraction is __

7
20
and written as a decimal is 0.35.

YOUR TURN
Write each percent as a fraction and as a decimal.

1. 15% 2. 48%

3. 80% 4. 75% Personal

Math Trainer
Online Assessment
5. 36% 6. 40% and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 8.2 209

 EXPLORE ACTIVITY
COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3

Modeling Decimal, Fraction, and

Percent Equivalencies
Using models can help you understand how decimals, fractions,
and percents are related.

A Model 0.78 by shading a 10-by-10 grid.

0.78 = _____,
100
out of a hundred, or %.

B Model 1.42 by shading 10-by-10 grids.

1.42 = _____ + _____ = _____ = 1 _____.

100 100 100 100

1.42 = 100% + %= %

C Model 125% by shading 10-by-10 grids.

The model shows 100% + % = 125%.

125% = the decimal .

125% = ______ + ______ = ______ = 1 ______ = 1 _____.

100 100 100 100

Reflect

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

7. Multiple Representations What decimal, fraction, and percent
equivalencies are shown in each model? Explain.
a.

b.

210 Unit 3
 Writing Fractions as Decimals
and Percents
You can write some fractions as percents by writing an equivalent fraction
with a denominator of 100. This method is useful when the fraction has a Math On the Spot
denominator that is a factor or a multiple of 100. If a fraction does not have a my.hrw.com
denominator that is a factor or multiple of 100, you can use long division.

EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3

96
A 96 out of 200 animals treated by a veterinarian are horses. Write ___
200
as a
decimal and as a percent. Notice that the
denominator is a
STEP 1 Write an equivalent fraction with a denominator of 100.
multiple of 100.
96 48
___
200
= ___
100 Divide both the numerator and denominator by 2.

STEP 2 Write the decimal equivalent.

48
___
100
= 0.48

STEP 3 Write the percent equivalent.

48
___
100
= 48% Percent means per 100.

Notice that the denominator is

not a factor or multiple of 100.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Digital Vision/

B _18 of the animals treated by the veterinarian are dogs. Write _18 as a decimal
and as a percent.
STEP 1 Use long division to divide the numerator by the denominator.
0.125
1 ⎯
_
8
= 8⟌1.000 Add a decimal point and zeros to the right
-8 of the numerator as needed.
20
- 16
40
- 40
0
The decimal equivalent of _18 is 0.125.
STEP 2 Write the decimal as a percent.
Getty Images

125
0.125 = ____
1,000
Write the fraction equivalent of the decimal.
÷ 10
125 12.5 Write an equivalent fraction with
____
1,000
= ____
100 a denominator of 100.
÷ 10
12.5
____
100
= 12.5% Write as a percent.

The percent equivalent of _18 is 12.5%.

Lesson 8.2 211

 YOUR TURN
Write each fraction as a decimal and as a percent.
Personal
Math Trainer 9
Online Assessment
8. __
25
9. _78
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Guided Practice
1. Helene spends 12% of her budget on transportation expenses. Write this
percent as a fraction and as a decimal. (Example 1)

Model the decimal. Then write percent and fraction equivalents.

(Explore Activity)

2. 0.53 3. 1.07

Write each fraction as a decimal and as a percent. (Example 2)

4. __
7
20
of the packages 5. _38 of a pie

?
? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

6. How does the definition of percent help you write fraction and decimal
equivalents?

212 Unit 3
 Name Class Date

8.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.RP.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Write each percent as a fraction and as a decimal.

7. 72% full 8. 25% successes 9. 500% increase

10. 5% tax 11. 37% profit 12. 165% improvement

Write each fraction as a decimal and as a percent.

13. _58 of an inch 258

14. ___
300
of the contestants 350
15. ___
100
of the revenue

16. The poster shows how many of its games 17. Justine answered 68 questions correctly on
the football team has won so far. Express an 80-question test. Express this amount as
this information as a fraction, a percent, a fraction, percent, and decimal.
and as a decimal.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Each diagram is made of smaller, identical pieces. Tell how many pieces
you would shade to model the given percent.

18. 75% 19. 25%

Lesson 8.2 213

20. Multiple Representations At Brian’s Bookstore, 0.3 of the shelves hold
mysteries, 25% of the shelves hold travel books, and __
7
20
of the shelves hold Work Area
children’s books. Which type of book covers the most shelf space in the
store? Explain how you arrived at your answer.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

21. Critical Thinking A newspaper article reports the results of an election

between two candidates. The article says that Smith received 60% of
the votes and that Murphy received _13 of the votes. A reader writes in to
complain that the article cannot be accurate. What reason might the
reader have to say this?

22. Represent Real-World Problems Evan budgets $2,000 a month to

spend on living expenses for his family. Complete the table to express the
portion spent on each cost as a percent, fraction, and decimal.

Food: $500 Rent: $1,200 Transportation: $300

Fraction

Percent

Decimal

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

23. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Find the sum of each row in the
table. Explain why these sums make sense.

24. Explain the Error Your friend says that 14.5% is equivalent to the
decimal 14.5. Explain why your friend is incorrect by comparing the
fractional equivalents of 14.5% and 14.5.

214 Unit 3
 LESSON
Solving Percent COMMON
6.RP.3c

8.3
CORE

Find a percent of a quantity

Problems
...; solve problems involving
finding the whole, given a
part and the percent. Also
6.RP.3

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you use percents to solve problems?

COMMON
6.RP.3
EXPLORE ACTIVITY
CORE

Modeling a Percent Problem

You can use a model to solve a percent problem.

A sports store received a shipment of 400 baseball gloves. 30% were

left-handed. How many left-handed gloves were in the shipment?
A Use the diagram to solve this problem.

30% means 30 out of .

30
There were left-handed gloves
for every 100 baseball gloves. 100

Complete the diagram to model this situation. 400

B Describe how the diagram models the shipment of gloves.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Photodisc/

C Explain how you can use the diagram to find the total number of
left-handed gloves in the shipment.

D Use a bar model to solve this problem. The bar represents 100%, or the
entire shipment of 400 gloves. The bar is divided into 10 equal parts.
Complete the labels along the bottom of the bar.
Getty Images

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

0 40 80 400

Lesson 8.3 215

 EXPLORE ACTIVITY (cont’d)

Reflect
1. Justify Reasoning How did you determine the labels along the
bottom of the bar model in Step D?

2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas How can you use the bar model
to find the number of left-handed gloves?

Finding a Percent of a Number

A percent is equivalent to the ratio of a part to a whole. To find a percent of a
number, you can write a ratio to represent the percent, and find an equivalent
ratio that compares the part to the whole.
Math On the Spot The word of indicates
my.hrw.com To find 30% of 400, you can use: multiplication.

Proportional Reasoning Multiplication

×4 30
30% of 400 = ___ of 400
30 ? ←part 100
___
100
= ___
400 ←whole 30
= ___
100
× 400
×4
120 = 120
= ___
400

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3c

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A Use proportional reasoning to find 28% of 25.
STEP 1 Write a proportion comparing the percent to the ratio
Math Talk of part to whole.
Mathematical Practices
? 28
Could you also use the __
25
= ___
100
Notice that 25 is a factor of 100.
28
proportion ___
?
100
= __
25
to find
28% of 25? Explain. STEP 2 Find the multiplication factor.
×4
part → __? 28 Since 25 · 4 = 100, find what
whole → 25 = 100
___
number times 4 equals 28.
×4

STEP 3 Find the numerator.

7 28
__
25
= ___
100 Since 4 · 7 = 28, 28% of 25 = 7.

28% of 25 is 7.

216 Unit 3
 B Multiply by a fraction to find 35% of 60.
STEP 1 Write the percent as a fraction.
35
35% of 60 = ___
100
of 60

STEP 2 Multiply.
35 35
___
100
of 60 = ___
100
× 60
2,100
= ____
100
Animated
= 21 Simplify. Math
35% of 60 is 21. my.hrw.com

C Multiply by a decimal to find 5% of 180.

STEP 1 Write the percent as a decimal.
5
5% = ___
100
= 0.05

STEP 2 Multiply.

180 × 0.05 = 9
5% of 180 is 9.

Reflect
3. Analyze Relationships In B , the percent is 35%. What is the part and
what is the whole?

4. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Explain how to use proportional

reasoning to find 35% of 600.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

YOUR TURN
Personal
Find the percent of each number. Math Trainer
Online Assessment
5. 38% of 50 6. 27% of 300 7. 60% of 75 and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 8.3 217

 Find a Percent Given a Part
and a Whole
You can use proportional reasoning to solve problems in which you need to
Math On the Spot find a percent.
my.hrw.com

EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3

The school principal spent $2,000 to buy some new computer equipment.
Of this money, $120 was used to buy some new keyboards. What percent
of the money was spent on keyboards?
STEP 1 Since you want to know the part of the money spent on
keyboards, compare the part to the whole.
part → _____
$120
whole → $2,000
STEP 2 Write a proportion comparing the percent to the ratio of part to
whole.
part → ___
? 120 ← part
whole → 100 = 2,000 ← whole
____

STEP 3 Find the multiplication factor.

×20
?
___ 120
= ____ Since 100 × 20 = 2,000, find what
100 2,000 number times 20 equals 120.
×20

STEP 4 Find the numerator.

6 120
___
100
= ____
2,000 Since 20 × 6 = 120, the percent is 6%.

The principal spent 6% of the money on keyboards.

Reflect

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Write 57% as a ratio. Which part
of the ratio represents the part and which part represents the whole?
Explain.

YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer 9. Out of the 25 students in Mrs. Green’s class, 19 have a pet. What percent
Online Assessment
and Intervention of the students in Mrs. Green’s class have a pet?
my.hrw.com

218 Unit 3
 Finding a Whole Given a Part
and a Percent
You can use proportional reasoning to solve problems in which you know
a part and a percent and need to find the whole. Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com

EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.RP.3c

Twelve of the students in the school choir like to sing solos. These 12
students make up 24% of the choir. How many students are in the choir?
STEP 1 Since you want to know the total number of students in the choir,
compare the part to the whole.
part → __
12
whole → ?
STEP 2 Write a proportion comparing the percent to the ratio of part to
whole.
part → __ 24 ← part
12 ___ You know that 12 students
whole → ? = 100 ← whole represent 24%.
STEP 3 Find the multiplication factor.
×2
12 ___
__ 24
= 100 Since 12 × 2 = 24, find what number Math Talk
? times 2 equals 100. Mathematical Practices
×2
Suppose 10 more students
join the choir. None of
STEP 4 Find the denominator. them are soloists. What
percent are soloists
12 ___
24
__
50
= 100 Since 50 × 2 = 100, the denominator is 50. now?

There are 50 students in the choir.

Reflect
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. Check for Reasonableness In Example 3, 24% is close to 25%. How

could you use this fact to check that 50 is a reasonable number for the
total number of students in the choir?

Personal
YOUR TURN Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
11. 6 is 30% of ______. 12. 15% of _____ is 75.
my.hrw.com

Lesson 8.3 219

Guided Practice
1. A store has 300 televisions on order, and 80% are high definition. How
many televisions on order are high definition? Use the bar model and
complete the bottom of the bar. (Explore Activity)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

0 30 300

2. Use proportional reasoning to find 65% 3. Use multiplication to find 5% of 180.

of 200. (Example 1) (Example 1)
5 of 180 = ____
____ 5
part → ← part 100 100
180
?
_____ = _____
whole → 100
← whole
= _____ =
100
65% of 200 is .
5% of 180 is .

4. Alana spent $21 of her $300 paycheck on 5. At Pizza Pi, 9% of the pizzas made last
a gift. What percent of her paycheck was week had extra cheese. If 27 pizzas had
spent on the gift? (Example 2) extra cheese, how many pizzas in all were
made last week? (Example 3)
← part
part → _____
? $ →
= _______ part
whole → 27 ← part
_____ = ___
$ ← whole whole → 100 ? ← whole

There were pizzas made last week.

Alana spent of her paycheck on
the gift.

?
? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

6. How can you use proportional reasoning to solve problems involving

percent?

220 Unit 3
 Name Class Date

8.3 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer

COMMON
Online
CORE 6.RP.3, 6.RP.3c Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Find the percent of each number.

7. 64% of 75 tiles 8. 20% of 70 plants 9. 32% of 25 pages

10. 85% of 40 e-mails 11. 72% of 350 friends 12. 5% of 220 files

Complete each sentence.

13. 4 students is % of 20 students. 14. 2 doctors is % of 25 doctors.

15. % of 50 shirts is 35 shirts. 16. % of 200 miles is 150 miles.

17. 4% of days is 56 days. 18. 60 minutes is 20% of minutes.

19. 80% of games is 32 games. 20. 360 kilometers is 24% of kilometers.

21. 75% of peaches is 15 peaches. 22. 9 stores is 3% of stores.

23. At a shelter, 15% of the dogs are puppies. 24. Carl has 200 songs on his MP3 player. Of these
There are 60 dogs at the shelter. songs, 24 are country songs. What percent of

How many are puppies? puppies Carl’s songs are country songs?

25. Consumer Math The sales tax in the town 26. Financial Literacy Ashton is saving money to
where Amanda lives is 7%. Amanda paid buy a new bike. He needs $120 but has only
$35 in sales tax on a new stereo. What was saved 60% so far. How much more money
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the price of the stereo? does Ashton need to buy the scooter?

27. Consumer Math Monica paid sales tax of $1.50 when she bought a new
bike helmet. If the sales tax rate was 5%, how much did the store charge

for the helmet before tax?

28. Use the circle graph to determine how many hours per day Becky spends
on each activity.
Becky’s Day
School: hours Eating
10%
Eating: hours Free time Sleep
15% 40%
Sleep: hours Homework
10% School
Homework: hours
25%
Free time: hours

Lesson 8.3 221

 FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

29. Multistep Marc ordered a rug. He gave a deposit of 30% of the cost and
will pay the rest when the rug is delivered. If the deposit was $75, how
much more does Marc owe? Explain how you found your answer.

30. Earth Science Your weight on different planets is affected by gravity. An

object that weighs 150 pounds on Earth weighs only 56.55 pounds on
Mars. The same object weighs only 24.9 pounds on the Moon.
a. What percent of an object’s Earth weight is its weight on Mars and on
the Moon?

b. Suppose x represents an object’s weight on Earth. Write two

expressions: one that you can use to find the object’s weight on Mars
and another that you can use to write the object’s weight on the
Moon.

c. The space suit Neil Armstrong wore when he stepped on the Moon
for the first time weighed about 180 pounds on Earth. How much did
it weigh on the Moon?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

d. What If? If you could travel to Jupiter, your weight would be 236.4%
of your Earth weight. How much would Neil Armstrong’s space suit
weigh on Jupiter?

25
31. Explain the Error Your friend used the proportion ___
100
= __
50
?
to find 25%
of 50 and says that the answer is 200. Explain why your friend is incorrect
and find the correct answer.

222 Unit 3
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
8.1 Understanding Percent Online Assessment
and Intervention

Shade the grid and write the equivalent percent for each fraction. my.hrw.com

19 13
1. __
50
2. __
20

8.2 Percents, Fractions, and Decimals

Write each number in two equivalent forms.

3. _53 4. 62.5%
31
5. 0.24 6. __
50
7. Selma spent __
7
10 of her allowance on a new backpack.
What percent of her allowance did she spend?

8.3 Solving Percent Problems

Complete each sentence.

8. 12 is 30% of . 9. 45% of 20 is .

10. 18 is % of 30. 11. 56 is 80% of .

12. A pack of cinnamon-scented pencils sells for $4.00. What

is the sales tax rate if the total cost of the pencils is $4.32?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

13. How can you solve problems involving percents?

Module 8 223
 MODULE 8 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online

Readiness
Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 5. Gabriel saves 40% of his monthly paycheck

for college. He earned $270 last month.
1. What percent does this shaded grid How much money did Gabriel save for
represent? college?
A $96 C $162
B $108 D $180

6. Forty children from an after-school club

went to the matinee. This is 25% of the
A 42% children in the club. How many children are
in the club?
B 48%
C 52% A 10 C 200
D 58% B 160 D 900

2. Which expression is not equal to one 7. Dominic answered 43 of the 50 questions

fourth of 52? on his spelling test correctly. Which
decimal represents the fraction of
A 0.25 • 52 problems he answered incorrectly?
B 4% of 52
A 0.07 C 0.86
C 52 ÷ 4 B 0.14 D 0.93
52
D __
4
3. Approximately _45 of U.S. homeowners have Mini-Task
a cell phone. What percent of homeowners
8. Jen bought some sesame bagels and some
do not have a cell phone?
plain bagels. The ratio of the number of
A 20% sesame bagels to the number of plain

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

B 45%
bagels is 1 : 3.

C 55% a. What fraction of the bagels are plain?

D 80%

4. The ratio of rock music to total CDs that Ella

25 b. What percent of the bagels are plain?
owns is __
40. Paolo has 50 rock music CDs.
The ratio of rock music to total CDs in his
collection is equivalent to the ratio of rock
music to total CDs in Ella’s collection. How c. If Jill bought 2 dozen bagels, how many
many CDs do they own? of each type of bagel did she buy?

A 65 C 120
B 80 D 130

224 Unit 3