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LoRa - LoRaWAN - LRSC

The document provides an overview of LoRa, LoRaWAN, and LRSC, focusing on their applications in wireless long-range communication for machine-to-machine (M2M) interactions. It outlines the characteristics of LoRa technology, including its range, data rates, and energy efficiency, as well as the different classes of LoRaWAN end devices. Additionally, it highlights use cases such as the EcoGrid EU Research Project and Senet's sensor networks for monitoring fuel levels.

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9 views16 pages

LoRa - LoRaWAN - LRSC

The document provides an overview of LoRa, LoRaWAN, and LRSC, focusing on their applications in wireless long-range communication for machine-to-machine (M2M) interactions. It outlines the characteristics of LoRa technology, including its range, data rates, and energy efficiency, as well as the different classes of LoRaWAN end devices. Additionally, it highlights use cases such as the EcoGrid EU Research Project and Senet's sensor networks for monitoring fuel levels.

Uploaded by

swordofjustice
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Marcus Oestreicher [email protected].

com

LoRa - LoRaWAN - LRSC


Wireless Long Range Network for M2M Communication
Overview

• Introduction
• LoRa
• LoRaWAN
• LRSC
• Use Cases

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


Introduction
IBM Research Zurich

• BlueZ Business Computing Group


• Smartcards, JavaCard
• Embedded Systems, LRSC

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


Long Range Radio
Semtech LoRa
TM

• Range > 2km in urban areas, > 10km in rural areas (i.e., reaches meters in basements)
• Typically operated in ISM band (sub-Ghz link)
• Spread-spectrum approach whereby different spreading factors don’t interfere with
each other
• Data rate between 0.3kbps (SF12) and 10kbps (SF7), 100kbps via FSK
• Dynamically trades data rate against range
• 10mA RX current, 100nA sleep current
• End devices rotate through alternating frequencies when transmitting
• Gateways can receive multiple messages from different end devices simultaneously
• Capacity can be incrementally increased by reducing cell size

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


LoRaWAN
How to connect million devices?
• End-device characteristics
• Nomadic or fixed
• Possibly located underground (e.g., smart meters) out of reach of existing wireless infrastructure
• Possibly battery-powered w/ a life time of years on a single set of batteries

• Communication requirements
• Low data rate w/ traffic being uplink-biased
• Relaxed latency constraints
• High interference robustness
• Message delivery may be unreliable

• Operator focus
• Ease of maintenance
• Cost-effectiveness
• Reliability and security

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


LRSC
Federated LoRaWAN Infrastructure
IP communication
(TCP/IP, MQTT, …)
00-02-01-…-01

GW
04-02-07-…-01
end devices

Service Provider
Application
Application Router

GW

Network Server

GW
Service Provider Application
Application Router

04-02-07-…-02

GW

IBM LRSC
00-02-01-…-FF

LoRa™ wireless
communication (C) 2016 IBM Corp.
LoRaWAN Specification
End Device Classes
• Class A devices:
• Random Access
• Bidirectional communication
• Pre-Personalisation or Over-the-air Activation (Join procedure)
• MAC management commands/responses (e.g. datarate adaptation)
• EU-/US-/..- MAC variations: duty cycles, frequency plan ..

• Class B devices:
• ‘Pingable' devices
• Server can push messages to devices in scheduled receive slots
• Receive slots are based on the time information contained in beacons

• Class C devices:
• Always listening

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


End Devices
Class A
• Transmit/Receive Windows
- Minimum receive window length: downlink preamble length
- RX1: frequency and data rate of transmit operation Transmit RX1 RX2

- RX2: configurable frequency and data rate


- Tx/Rx windows may not overlap

• Data messages w/wo confirmation


• Datarate adaptation
• Frequency plan
Edge Frequencies Field / Spectrum Bandwidth
[Mhz] Power Access [Mhz]

863 870 14dBm 0.1% 7Mhz

868 868.6 14dBm 1% 600kHz

868.7 869.2 14dBm 0.1% 500kHz

869.4 869.65 27dBm 10% 250kHz

869.7 870 7dBm No req. 300kHz

869.7 870 14dBm 1% 300kHz

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


End Devices
Class A
• Data messages encrypted and MICed using AES keys
• Network session key (AES-128)
• Application session key (AES-128)

• Device state
• Application Identifier (Application EUI)
• Device EUI
• Device key
• Sequence numbers…
• Activation schemes:
• Activation by personalization
• Over-The-Air activation: Join-Request -> Join-Response

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


End Devices
Development
• Integration Options:
• Modem
• Radio module
• Device driver stacks:
• LMIC
• LoRaMac-node
• Notes
• Development vs Deployment
• Understand the LoRaWAN communication model
• Adaptive datarate, Downlink, ACKs, Frame Counters…

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


LRSC
Network Server
• Handling uplink traffic
• Filtering message duplicates from multiple gateways
• Ensure message integrity cryptographically
• Collect meta data for statistics, data rate adaptation, further downlink traffic
• Forward message to back-end applications
• Schedule downlink traffic
• Application downlink messages, ACKs
• Gateway selection (involves RSSI/SNR meta data, duty cycle)
• Data rate adaptation
• Join/Rejoin procedure
• Session key setup, key exchange
• Network database
• Performance
• Error handling
• Sanity checking, blacklisting
• Reporting, logging
(C) 2016 IBM Corp.
LRSC
Application Routers
• Federated network
• Separate network operators from device/application owners
• Relay messages between network server and backend applications
• Encryption point for backend application payloads both uplink and downlink
• End-device activation
• Grants/denies device join requests
• Pre-personalisation interface
• Creates session keys, session keys derived from device specific keys
• Personalization system for deriving and managing device keys from root keys
• External interface to backend applications
• Bluemix, Watson IoT …
• Deployment Strategies

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


Use Case
EcoGrid EU Research Project
• SmartGrid project on the Danish island Bornholm
• Balance out generation and distribution of renewable energy source wind with
demand by the consumer
• Provide balancing power to the grid and local distribution grid congestion
management by introducing a new 5-minute real-time market for small scale
electricity consumers

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


Use Case
EcoGrid EU Research Project
Control:
We actuate the Ripple signal of HPs and EHs.
Devices are controlled by their own embedded
control systems.
Tight constraints on indoor air temperature and run-
time of the devices

Approach: Model Predictive Control

5
(C) 2016 IBM Corp.
Use Case
Senet
• Developed and deployed sensor networks for EnerTrac
• LoRaWAN network to remotely monitor the level of propane or
oil inside tanks at customer sites
• Use sensor data for usage predictions and
strategic delivery decisions
• Reduction in delivery costs by as much as 30%
• Provider of growing LoRaWAN network:
• 100000 square mile coverage
• 30000+ devices
• 200 towers

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.


Q&A

Q&A
[email protected]

(C) 2016 IBM Corp.

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